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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Combining perennial grass–legume forages and liquid dairy manure contributes to nitrogen accumulation in a clayey soil
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2021
    In:  Canadian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 101, No. 3 ( 2021-09-01), p. 378-388
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 101, No. 3 ( 2021-09-01), p. 378-388
    Abstract: Repeated applications of liquid dairy manure (LDM) and perennial crops generally favor nitrogen (N) stocks in soils, but in ways that may differ with soil type and other management practices. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term (21 yr) changes in soil N stocks (0–50 cm) of a silty clay soil, in a cool humid climate, in response to mineral fertilization (MIN) or LDM, combined with two tillage practices [chisel plow (CP), or moldboard plow (MP)], and two crop rotations [cereal monoculture (monoculture) or cereal–perennial forage rotation (forage-based rotation)] . The forage-based rotation favoured a greater accumulation of N in the first 20 cm of soil (+50 kg N·ha −1 ·yr −1 ) when compared with the monoculture. Tillage practices did not impact N stocks in the whole soil profile, but influenced its vertical distribution, with greater accumulation at the surface with CP, and at depth with MP. Annual input of LDM increased N stocks at the surface (0–20 cm) compared with MIN, especially when combined with the forage-based rotation. After 21 yr, soil N stocks (0–50 cm) with LDM were 32% (+2 t N·ha −1 ) higher in the forage-based rotation than in the monoculture, suggesting better retention and more efficient use of manure-N with perennial forages than cereals. Comparisons between the N mass balance computed for each cropping system, and the changes in soil N stocks indicated that accumulation of N under the forage-based rotation was largely due to symbiotic fixation by legumes in the forage mixture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4271 , 1918-1841
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2020-0132
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 417254-1
    SSG: 13
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Soil science at the University of Alberta: a century of service to science and society
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2020
    In:  Canadian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 100, No. 4 ( 2020-12-01), p. 319-343
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 100, No. 4 ( 2020-12-01), p. 319-343
    Abstract: This paper highlights major activities and achievements in soil science by professors at the University of Alberta (U of A), which provide incredible benefits to society, provincially, nationally, and globally. Evolution of the soils profession in Alberta commenced in 1919 with the hiring of F.A. Wyatt, who developed the Department of Soil Science (DSS) and initiated a soil survey program in Alberta. J.D. Newton joined the department in 1922, teaching and supporting soil surveys that led to a fertilizer program greatly benefitting agriculture. With time, opportunities and problems were encountered with utilization of soils. U of A soil scientists conducted inventories, conducted innovative research, developed superior management techniques, and through evolving education and extension, continuously helped bring improvements to how we utilized and managed soil resources. The DSS 100 yr evolution is chronicled under the themes of pedology (including soil survey), soil fertility, soil sustainability (conservation, land reclamation, and contaminant remediation), with embedded specialized studies within these themes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4271 , 1918-1841
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2019-0158
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 417254-1
    SSG: 13
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Antibiotic use in commercial broiler chicken farming and its consequential resistance development in root colonizing bacteria of carrot grown in manure-applied soils in a middle-income country
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Canadian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 102, No. 2 ( 2022-06-01), p. 319-329
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 102, No. 2 ( 2022-06-01), p. 319-329
    Abstract: Broiler chicken litter (BCL) is a cheap manure for vegetable crops in developing countries. Extensive antibiotic use in poultry production could increase antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in manure and eventually in crop root microbiome. We investigated the prevalence of ARB in BCL from medium- and large-scale farms (n = 33) and in carrot (Daucus carota) grown in BCL-applied soils in Sri Lanka. All the BCL samples contained aerobic bacteria resistant to 10 μg·mL −1 of oxytetracycline or enrofloxacin. The abundance of ARB determined by viable plate-count method ranged from 0.05% to 30.10% of aerobic bacterial population. Soil from two fields applied with BLC for 3 yr (short history, SH) and 10 yr (long history, LH) were treated with BCL (10%, w/w) and oxytetracycline (10 and 100 mg·kg −1 ) in a pot experiment alongside an unamended control. Adding BCL and oxytetracycline had a significant (P  〈  0.05) effect on the abundance of oxytetracycline-resistant epiphytic and endophytic bacteria (EEB) in carrot roots at harvest. Both total and oxytetracycline-resistant EEB increased significantly (P  〈  0.05) with the application of BCL to LH soil but not to SH soil. Carrot sold at retailed markets (n = 30) contained epiphytic bacteria resistant to 1 μg·mL −1 oxytetracycline (4.13 ± 0.207 log 10 CFU·g −1 dry carrot). High minimum inhibitory concentrations for oxytetracycline (≥128 μg·mL −1 ) were observed in 83% and 50% of ARB isolates obtained from BCL (n = 18) and carrot (n = 24), respectively. Results confirmed that BCL acts as a carrier of ARB, and continuous application of BCL to soil increased the prevalence of ARB among EEB in carrot.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4271 , 1918-1841
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2021-0001
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 417254-1
    SSG: 13
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  • 4
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    Short-term effects of tillage of long-term no-till on nitrous oxide emissions from two contrasting Canadian prairie soils
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2020
    In:  Canadian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 100, No. 4 ( 2020-12-01), p. 453-462
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 100, No. 4 ( 2020-12-01), p. 453-462
    Abstract: The reduction in net CO 2 emissions from increased carbon sequestration in soil and slower decomposition of soil organic matter under most long-term no-till (NT) situations can potentially be offset by a concomitant increase in nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions after tillage reversal on long-term NT soils. The objective of this work was to quantify N 2 O emissions after tillage reversal on two contrasting western Canadian Prairie soils managed under long-term (∼30 yr) NT. We measured one growing season (2010) of soil N 2 O emissions on a Black Chernozem and Gray Luvisol at Ellerslie and Breton, AB, respectively, following 30 yr of NT and N fertilizer application at two rates (0 and 100 kg N ha −1 ) subjected to tillage reversal and no disturbance (i.e., continuing NT). Tillage reversal after long-term NT was associated with higher N 2 O emissions in both soils but was significant only in the Gray Luvisol with 0 kg N ha −1 . Long-term N fertilizer applications of 100 kg N ha −1 were associated with higher growing season soil N 2 O emissions and higher levels of soil N (i.e., a positive, long-term soil N balance) at both sites. Regardless of tillage, the difference in growing season nitrous oxide emissions from the 0 and 100 kg N ha −1 plots on the Gray Luvisol were much greater than the Black Chernozem. A modest increase in N 2 O emissions upon tillage reversal on a long-term NT soils could translate to a significant increase to agricultural greenhouse gas inventories in the event of large-scale tillage reversal on agricultural land in western Canada.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4271 , 1918-1841
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2020-0033
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 417254-1
    SSG: 13
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  • 5
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    Irrigated crop rotation and phosphorus fertilizer-manure addition impacts on soil water repellency of a clay loam soil in southern Alberta
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Canadian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 102, No. 2 ( 2022-06-01), p. 457-462
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 102, No. 2 ( 2022-06-01), p. 457-462
    Abstract: Soil water repellency (SWR) was measured for a 28 yr field study under irrigation on a clay loam Dark Brown soil in southern Alberta. The objectives were to study the effect of legume–cereal crop rotations, feedlot manure, and phosphorus (P) fertilizer application on soil hydrophobicity (SH) and soil water repellency index (RI) under irrigation. Mean SH and RI were similar (P  〉  0.05) for a legume–cereal and cereal rotation and were unaffected by P fertilization. However, P fertilization shifted the RI classification from slight to subcritical. In contrast, SH was significantly greater for manured than nonmanured treatments, while RI was unaffected. Soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) correlated with SH (r = 0.74), but not with RI (r = −0.17). This suggested a closer association between the quantity of SOC and quantity of hydrophobic compounds (SH method) compared with the hydrophobic coatings inhibiting infiltration of water (RI method). No significant correlation between SH and RI (r = −0.09) suggests that SH is not a good predictor of SWR using the RI method. Overall, manure application increased SH and P fertilization shifted the RI classification from slight to subcritical. In contrast, legume–cereal rotations had no influence on SH and SWR using RI method compared with continuous cereal.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4271 , 1918-1841
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2021-0067
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 417254-1
    SSG: 13
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  • 6
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    Species-specific responses to targeted fertilizer application on reconstructed soils in a reclaimed upland area
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2021
    In:  Canadian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 101, No. 1 ( 2021-03-01), p. 45-61
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 101, No. 1 ( 2021-03-01), p. 45-61
    Abstract: Forested reclamation of oil sand mines in northern Alberta often use peat salvaged from lowland organic soils as a coversoil during soil reconstruction of man-made landforms. Previous studies suggest that planted tree seedlings may be limited in part by low phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) availability in peat. Fertilization is commonly used to treat nutrient limitations on reclamation sites; however, broad spectrum applications can induce strong competition from colonizing vegetation. This study explores the ability of a targeted application of individual macronutrients to (1) reduce nutrient deficiencies in peat coversoils and improve tree growth, while (2) minimizing the colonizing competition. Liquid fertilizer was applied to 6-yr-old aspen, pine, and spruce trees in the field using five nutrient combinations: control (no fertilizer), NPK, PK, P, and K. Tree growth, foliar nutrient concentrations, vegetation cover, and environmental parameters were monitored over two growing seasons. Aspen responded the strongest to fertilization, particularly in the P treatment, whereas pine and spruce marginally responded to NPK. Competing vegetation increased in the NPK but did not respond to the P and K treatments, indicating targeted fertilization can reduce colonizing competition. Additional analyses of the soil conditions of the site suggest that other factors were potentially more limiting to the trees during the study. Targeted fertilization of forest reclamation sites at a later stand age can be an option to improve efficacy and cost savings; however, response will also depend on other site (e.g., soil pH, precipitation, and soil water content) and management (e.g., fertilizer application rate) factors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4271 , 1918-1841
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2019-0136
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 417254-1
    SSG: 13
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  • 7
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    Substituting vetch and chicory for rye in a cover crop mixture enhanced nutrient release
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2021
    In:  Canadian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 101, No. 2 ( 2021-06-01), p. 339-343
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 101, No. 2 ( 2021-06-01), p. 339-343
    Abstract: Increasing the functional diversity of cover crop polycultures has potential to modify nutrient cycling. Aboveground tissue from rye (Secale cereale), vetch (Vicia villosa subsp. dasycarpa), and chicory (Cichorium intybus) was arranged in litterbags, and rates of nutrient supply were measured. A control, monocultures of each species, a biculture of rye:vetch, and a polyculture of rye:vetch:chicory were compared. Increasing functional diversity through reducing the quantity of rye tissue by 30% to include 10% chicory and 20% vetch increased the total amount of nitrogen released by 257%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4271 , 1918-1841
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2020-0106
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 417254-1
    SSG: 13
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Capping dewatered oil sands fluid fine tailings with salvaged reclamation soils at varying depths to grow woody plants
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2020
    In:  Canadian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 100, No. 4 ( 2020-12-01), p. 546-557
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 100, No. 4 ( 2020-12-01), p. 546-557
    Abstract: Managing fluid fine tailings (FFT) present a major cause of industrial and environmental concerns in oil sands surface mining production. A potential management solution is to dewater and cap the FFT solids for use in land reclamation. A 16 wk greenhouse study was conducted to assess whether FFT centrifuge cake with caps of various reclamation soil mixes (forest floor mineral mix, peat mineral mix, and a mixture of both) and depths (0, 5, 10, and 20 cm) would support growth of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides — native broadleaf tree) and beaked willow (Salix bebbiana — native broadleaf shrub). Beaked willow had a much greater survival rate (100%) when grown directly in FFT cake compared with trembling aspen (16.7%). Plants grown directly in FFT cake were negatively impacted by high water content, low nitrate supply rates, and high metal concentrations with beaked willow seedlings having 10 times higher foliar concentrations of Al, Cr, and Ti compared with any other treatments. Adding soil caps substantially increased aboveground biomass for both species, but differences among soil cap types and depths did not have as significant of an effect on plant growth. Results from this study show that capping FFT substantially improves woody plant growth, and S. bebbiana and P. tremuloides are potentially suitable species for tailings reclamation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4271 , 1918-1841
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2019-0120
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 417254-1
    SSG: 13
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Editorial of First Issue
    Horizon E-Publishing Group ; 2014
    In:  Plant Science Today Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2014-1-1), p. 1-1
    Details
    In: Plant Science Today, Horizon E-Publishing Group, Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2014-1-1), p. 1-1
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2348-1900
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.14719/pst.2014.1.1
    DOI: 10.14719/pst
    DOI: 10.14719/pst.2014.1.1.10
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Horizon E-Publishing Group
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 10
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    Russian Thistle ( Salsola tragus L.) Control on Bighorn Sheep Winter Ranges in Jasper National Park
    Natural Areas Journal ; 2012
    In:  Natural Areas Journal Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2012-10), p. 391-397
    Details
    In: Natural Areas Journal, Natural Areas Journal, Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2012-10), p. 391-397
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0885-8608
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3375/043.032.0407
    Language: English
    Publisher: Natural Areas Journal
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2486532-1
    SSG: 12
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