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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures Vol. 27, No. 10 ( 2016-06), p. 1348-1361
    In: Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, SAGE Publications, Vol. 27, No. 10 ( 2016-06), p. 1348-1361
    Abstract: Recently, the increasing need for performing intricate operations in small dimensions has motivated many researchers and industrialists to focus on minirobots. Different types of minirobots with diverse locomotive mechanisms have been designed for various applications. Modular design is a new method which is employed to fabricate small robots with more flexibility and capability. In many works, each module of modular minirobots has rotational displacement. In this article, a flexible minirobot module is developed and manufactured which can produce controlled rotational displacement. Shape memory alloy springs are applied as the actuators to provide impressively large strokes. The final fabricated flexible minirobot module is verified by the open-loop experimental tests. In order to achieve the desired maneuvers and have a perfect tracking of reference input, a nonlinear fuzzy controller is developed and implemented to control the maneuvers of flexible minirobot module. Finally, the results are discussed which show good agreement between the simulations and experimental tests.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1045-389X , 1530-8138
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088313-4
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  • 2
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2018-2-8)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering Vol. 236, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. 502-516
    In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering, SAGE Publications, Vol. 236, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. 502-516
    Abstract: This study investigated associations of attitude tracking control of an underactuated spacecraft with consideration of saturation and perturbations. A nonsingular attitude tracking control was proposed which did not need limiting initial conditions of the quaternions. The controller was analyzed based on Lyapunov criteria and LaSalle’s invariance theorem in the large-angle maneuver. In order to control, the complete kinematic and dynamic model of the underactuated spacecraft was reconstructed. According to simulation results, our controller has excellent robustness against the hard saturation, external disturbances, time-varying inertia uncertainties, and internal disturbances of actuators. As result, we found that the attitude controller was asymptotically stable under the soft saturation and the perturbations so that quaternions and angular velocity converged to the desired path within the 80 s. Also, it was still asymptotic stable under the hard saturation whose level is equal to 0.035 Nm, 3.5% of the soft saturation level. In this case, errors of quaternions and angular velocity were converged to the origin within the 150 s. Finally, the closed-loop system was verified by Adams-MATLAB co-simulation. The maximum verification errors for quaternions were less than 19%, while the maximum verification errors for angular velocity were less than 13.5%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0954-4100 , 2041-3025
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2032759-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  European Journal of Immunology Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 60-63
    In: European Journal of Immunology, Wiley, Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 60-63
    Abstract: The importance of interleukin (IL)‐33 in promoting effective antiviral immune responses is evident, yet the critical cellular sources of IL‐33 in homeostasis and infection are largely unknown. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology , Aparicio‐Domingo et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2021. 51: 76–90] explore the main source of IL‐33 expression in lymph nodes (LNs) and dissect its role in LN homeostasis and antiviral adaptive immune response. The authors reveal that fibroblastic reticular cells and lymphatic endothelial cells are both producing IL‐33 in steady‐state LNs. Remarkably, however, by using cell‐type specific deletion approaches, the authors demonstrate that exclusively fibroblastic reticular cells, and not lymphatic endothelial cells, are the critical cellular source for promoting antiviral CD8 + T‐cell responses upon infection. These findings provide an important insight into the role of specific LN stromal cell subsets as potent modulators of antiviral immunity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0014-2980 , 1521-4141
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491907-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2014-12)
    In: Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2014-12)
    Abstract: Water shortage problems have led to find either new water resources or improve wastewater treatment technologies in order to reuse. Due to less performance of previous units in microbial removal, disinfection has become a necessary step in wastewater treatment plants. In the present study performance of hydrogen peroxide (HP) and modified Fenton’s reagent (HP + Cu ++ ) was considered for the disinfection of raw wastewater (RW) and activated sludge effluent (ASE). Materials and methods Plastic containers of 10-liter volume each were used for RW and ASE sampling. Microbiological analyses of the RW and ASE were performed in triplicate; before and after the disinfection process. Fecal coliforms were analyzed by the direct (without enrichment) multiple fermentation tube procedure. Results The results showed that using HP alone did not have any significant disinfection capability. In RW and ASE, the highest dose used in this study could reduce fecal coliforms (FC) s by only 1.54 and 1.16 log-inactivation, respectively. However, Maximum removal efficiency of modified Fenton in RW and ASE was 4.63 and 3.41 log-inactivation, respectively. The results suggested that Cu ++ ions used in combination with H 2 O 2 produced very rigorous synergistic effect, and HP disinfection capacity increased significantly. Conclusion Hydrogen peroxide, when applied alone, was not successful in disinfecting of either RW or ASE, and neither the WHO guideline nor the Iranian standard could be met. However, modified Fenton showed very significant disinfection potential and could reduce FC s under World Health Organization (WHO) guideline and Iranian national standard for agricultural irrigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2052-336X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2756287-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control Vol. 40, No. 2 ( 2018-01), p. 591-605
    In: Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, SAGE Publications, Vol. 40, No. 2 ( 2018-01), p. 591-605
    Abstract: In this paper, after complete modelling of a flexible satellite equipped with a control moment gyroscope (CMG) actuator, it is shown that a PD-like controller can globally asymptotically stabilize this satellite by using Lyapunov’s direct method. Despite the simplicity, simulations show that the controller can stabilize the flexible satellite in a three-axis manoeuvre even in the presence of external disturbances. Then, using a non-linear variable gains PD controller, which only uses angular velocity of the rigid body and the attitude parameters as the inputs, the performance of the control system is improved in some important aspects such as reducing maximum control torque, reducing maximum peak of deflection of the appendages and increasing robustness of the controller against the orbital disturbances. In addition, locally asymptotically stability of the non-linear variable gain PD controller is guaranteed using a novel Lyapunov candidate function. Considering the difficulty in measuring the appendages’ deflection and the primarily existence of parameter uncertainties, and as this controller is independent of changes in these parameters, such a control system is very useful and applicable. In order to validate the system’s mathematical model and the control system performance, an exact model of the satellite is constructed in the ADAMS/View software that is linked to the MATLAB software. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated by several numerical examples.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0142-3312 , 1477-0369
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025882-3
    SSG: 3,2
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  • 7
    In: Measurement and Control, SAGE Publications, Vol. 52, No. 7-8 ( 2019-09), p. 814-831
    Abstract: The three-axis attitude tracking manoeuvre and vibration suppression of a flexible spacecraft in the presence of external disturbances are investigated in this paper. The spacecraft consists of a rigid hub and two flexible appendages. The Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is used to model the flexible parts. The attitude dynamic equations of motion are derived using the law of conservation of angular momentum, and the flexural equations are derived. The attitude of the spacecraft is represented using the quaternion parameters. The controller is designed based on the super-twisting sliding mode control. The sliding surfaces are introduced and the global asymptotic stability of the flexible spacecraft on the sliding surfaces is assured via Lyapunov method. The control law is designed such that the sliding condition is satisfied and the system reaches the sliding surfaces in finite time. The simulation results verify the performance of the controller in the presence of bounded disturbances, sensor noises and abrupt changes in parameters.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0020-2940
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2712343-1
    SSG: 3,2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Knowledge E DMCC ; 2019
    In:  Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies ( 2019-10-30)
    In: Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies, Knowledge E DMCC, ( 2019-10-30)
    Abstract: Purpose: Several studies were carried out in the field of neural microelectrode that caused the different generation of neural electrode appeared. Neural microelectrode has an important effect on the BCI interference and also is used in medical applications such as the detection and treatment process of different diseased. Therefore, achieving the structure of the electrode that has the high ability at recording and stimulating is so essential. This article aims at studying the different structure of Microelectrode, according to MEMS technology, and comparing their properties. Materials and Methods: In this research, we introduce 7 designs for microelectrode fabrication that 3 designs are according to research that has been carried out so far and 4 designs have been proposed by authors and their fabricated process described. The microelectrode performance was determined by cost, biocompatibility, mechanical and electrical properties. Results: The mechanical analysis was carried out using software and displacement, stress, and critical load factor calculated. Conclusion: At last, the performance of the designed electrode was compared according to those parameters and the application of each design on the practical experiment described.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2345-5837
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Knowledge E DMCC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2806579-7
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  • 9
    In: Arthritis Research & Therapy, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2018-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1478-6362
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041668-4
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  • 10
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 16 ( 2020-08-09), p. 5713-
    Abstract: Background: In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) the cause for loss of tolerance and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) production remains unidentified. Mouse studies showed that lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) maintain peripheral tolerance through presentation of peripheral tissue antigens (PTAs). We hypothesize that dysregulation of peripheral tolerance mechanisms in human LNSCs might underlie pathogenesis of RA. Method: Lymph node (LN) needle biopsies were obtained from 24 RA patients, 23 individuals positive for RA-associated autoantibodies but without clinical disease (RA-risk individuals), and 14 seronegative healthy individuals. Ex vivo human LNs from non-RA individuals were used to directly analyze stromal cells. Molecules involved in antigen presentation and immune modulation were measured in LNSCs upon interferon γ (IFNγ) stimulation (n = 15). Results: Citrullinated targets of ACPAs were detected in human LN tissue and in cultured LNSCs. Human LNSCs express several PTAs, transcription factors autoimmune regulator (AIRE) and deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor 1 (DEAF1), and molecules involved in citrullination, antigen presentation, and immunomodulation. Overall, no clear differences between donor groups were observed with exception of a slightly lower induction of human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) and programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1) molecules in LNSCs from RA patients. Conclusion: Human LNSCs have the machinery to regulate peripheral tolerance making them an attractive target to exploit in tolerance induction and maintenance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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