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  • 1
    In: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 31, No. 3 ( 2007-06), p. 445-454
    Abstract: The present study aimed at characterizing the main soil types under melon crop in the Apodi Tableland, state of Rio Grande do Norte. This investigation focused on the mineralogical soil features as an attempt to generate information for adequate soil and crop management. Three soil types were selected: Typic Haplocambids, Typic Eutrotorrox and Arenic Kandiustults. The mineralogy of sand, silt and clay fractions was evaluated through X ray diffraction analyses and scanning electron microscopy in complementary, undisturbed samples. The mineralogical composition was similar in the studied profiles; quartz prevailed in the sand and silt fractions, while the clay fraction consisted predominantly of kaolinite. Profile 1 (CXve), compared with the other two profiles, was the least developed according to the pedogenetic scale. The degree of profile development was almost the same in the profiles 2 (LVAe) and 3 (PVd), although profile 2 was slightly more developed. The fact that profile 1 (CXve) showed chemical properties of a very young soil in contrast with the mineralogy of a well developed soil, demonstrates an incoherence between the two soil attributes and the stage of soil development. Considering the semi-arid conditions of the sites from where the soil samples were collected, the predominance of kaolinite in the clay fraction suggestes that the soils had been formed under climatic conditions distinct than the present. Former conditions were probably more humid, or the soils developed from pre-weathered parent material.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-0683
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2145594-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2012
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo Vol. 36, No. 6 ( 2012-12), p. 1828-1835
    In: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 36, No. 6 ( 2012-12), p. 1828-1835
    Abstract: O uso do solo promove alterações em seus atributos físicos de acordo com o manejo, a intensidade de preparo e o tipo de cultura. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram medir as alterações de alguns atributos físicos do solo e avaliar sua qualidade física pelo índice S, um indicador proposto por Dexter (2004), comparando usos com reflorestamento com eucalipto de diferentes idades, pastagem utilizada para os animais, culturas anuais e uma área preservada de vegetação secundária em relação a uma área preservada de mata nativa (Floresta Nacional do Araripe - Flona), a qual foi utilizada como controle. O estudo foi conduzido em Latossolo Amarelo distrófico, em áreas da Fazenda Redenção, localizada no município de Jardim, Estado do Ceará, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e três repetições, nas profundidades de 0-0,1 e 0,1-0,2 m. Os atributos físicos do solo analisados foram: densidade do solo e de partícula, volume total de poros, micro e macroporosidade, curvas de retenção de água no solo e água disponível. Com base no índice S, a hipótese de que o uso do solo piora a sua qualidade física foi aceita, ficando evidente que o solo sob mata nativa foi o que apresentou as melhores condições físicas em todos os atributos estudados, seguido de perto pela área reflorestada com eucalipto de 20 anos. O solo utilizado com pastagem para os animais foi o tratamento com os atributos físicos mais alterados, sobretudo na camada surface (0-0,1 m), fato evidenciado pelo aumento na densidade do solo e pela redução do volume total de poros, especialmente da macroporosidade. A microporosidade não se alterou em todos os tipos de usos e profundidades pesquisados.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-0683
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 3
    In: Soil and Tillage Research, Elsevier BV, Vol. 137 ( 2014-04), p. 23-32
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0167-1987
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498737-5
    SSG: 13
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2014
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo Vol. 38, No. 1 ( 2014-02), p. 128-134
    In: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 38, No. 1 ( 2014-02), p. 128-134
    Abstract: As the water matric potential is the most important component of the water total potential in unsaturated soils, it must be measured accurately. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil temperature on water matric potential and water total potential gradient over the period of water redistribution in a Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (Oxisol/Hapludox) located in the municipality of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. In a circular plot of 3 m diameter, 10 tensiometers with pressure transducers (model SWT3 from Delta-T Devices) were set up at depths of 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50 and 0.55 m in order to determine water matric potential, Φm, at those depths and to calculate the water total potential gradient, (ΔΦm/Δz)+1, at the depth of 0.25 m with Δz of 0.10; 0.20 and 0.30 m (using tensiometers set up at 0.20 and 0.30; 0.15 and 0.35, and 0.10 and 0.40 m for ΔΦm, respectively). In the same plot, thermocouples (type T) were set up at the soil surface and at the depths of 0.025, 0.05 and 0.075 m. Tensiometer and thermocouple readings were made simultaneously and stored in a Datalogger (model DL2, Delta-T Devices). Measured values of soil water matric potential exhibit fluctuations throughout the day and differential effects for tensiometers at different depths, also causing fluctuations in the soil water total potential gradient. The best time period for performing tensiometer readings is in the first seven hours of the day or after 6 pm.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-0683
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2015
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo Vol. 39, No. 5 ( 2015-10), p. 1322-1334
    In: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 39, No. 5 ( 2015-10), p. 1322-1334
    Abstract: RESUMO O conhecimento dos termos (ou processos) da equação do balanço de água no solo ou simplesmente os componentes do balanço de água no solo no longo do ciclo de uma cultura agrícola é essencial para o manejo de solo e da água. Assim, esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de estudar esses componentes em um Cambissolo Háplico cultivado com meloeiro (Cucumis melo L.) irrigado por gotejamento, com e sem cobertura, no município de Baraúna, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil (05º 04’ 48” S, 37º 37’ 00” W). O meloeiro, variedade AF-646, foi cultivado em uma área experimental plana (20 × 50 m). A cultura foi espaçada de 2,00 m entre linhas e 0,35 m entre plantas, totalizando 10 fileiras de plantas de 50 m de comprimento. Nos pontos correspondentes a ⅓ e ⅔ de cada linha de plantas, quatro tensiômetros foram instalados, nas profundidades de 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; e 0,4 m, adjacentes à linha de irrigação (0,1 m da linha de plantas), entre duas plantas selecionadas, a 0,1 m de distância. Em cinco linhas aleatórias, fez-se a cobertura com folhas secas de bananeira (Musa sp.) no longo da linha de gotejamento em uma faixa de 0,5 m, definindo uma área coberta de 25 m2. Nas outras cinco linhas, não houve cobertura. Assim, o experimento consistiu de dois tratamentos, com 10 repetições, em quatro estádios fenológicos: inicial (7-22 DAS - dias após a semeadura), crescimento (22-40 DAS), frutificação (40-58 DAS) e maturação (58-70 DAS). A precipitação foi medida com pluviômetro, e o armazenamento de água estimado pelo método do trapézio, a partir das leituras dos tensiômetros e das curvas de retenção da água no solo. Para determinar a densidade de fluxo de água em 0,3 m, foram considerados os tensiômetros nas profundidades de 0,2; 0,3; e 0,4 m. O tensiômetro a 0,3 m foi utilizado para estimar o conteúdo de água no solo, com uso da curva de retenção de água para essa profundidade, e os outros dois para o cálculo do gradiente de potencial total. As densidades de fluxo foram calculadas pela equação de Darcy-Buckingham, com a condutividade hidráulica do solo determinada pelo método do perfil instantâneo. A evapotranspiração real foi calculada como sendo a incógnita da equação do balanço de água no solo. O método do balanço de água no solo é eficaz na estimativa da evapotranspiração real de melão irrigado; não houve efeito significativo da cobertura do solo na ascensão capilar, drenagem interna, evapotranspiração real e produtividade de melão em comparação ao manejo com não cobertura do solo. A transferência de água por evaporação em solo desnudo se evidenciou controlada pela quebra da capilaridade na interface solo-atmosfera, o que fez com que a dinâmica da água em ambos os manejos aplicados fosse semelhante.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-0683
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 6
    In: Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 51, No. 9 ( 2016-09), p. 1575-1583
    Abstract: Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade do meio poroso de solo submetido a diferentes usos, bem como propor um novo índice para monitorar mudanças em sua estrutura devidas ao manejo: o índice Srelativo. Um Cambissolo sob cultivo de banana irrigada e mata secundária, na Chapada do Apodi, foi avaliado em três camadas (0,0-0,1, 0,1-0,2 e 0,2-0,3 m), quanto a: granulometria, densidade de partículas e do solo, conteúdo de matéria orgânica, permeabilidade intrínseca ao ar e curva de retenção de água. Foram determinados porosidade total, índice de continuidade dos poros (definido pela razão entre a permeabilidade ao ar e a porosidade de aeração), volume de poros bloqueados, e índices S e Srelativo. O índice Srelativo foi calculado como a razão entre os valores do índice S em amostras indeformadas e deformadas de um mesmo solo (Sindeformada/Sdeformada). Nas condições estudadas, o índice Srelativo mostra-se como um bom quantificador das alterações impostas pelo uso e pelo manejo do solo. O cultivo do solo mantém ou melhora a qualidade dos atributos avaliados, exceto para porosidade bloqueada, em comparação ao solo sob mata secundária com dez anos de regeneração após uso agrícola.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-204X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2053197-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2013
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo Vol. 37, No. 5 ( 2013-10), p. 1196-1206
    In: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 37, No. 5 ( 2013-10), p. 1196-1206
    Abstract: The Apodi Tableland is becoming known as a promising center of irrigated fruit production because of the agricultural potential of its soils. The physical properties of these soils are modified by different management types. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical properties of an Inceptisol under papaya (Carica papaya L.) in two tillage systems, compared to the same soil type under secondary forest. Samples of disturbed and undisturbed soil were collected for analysis of texture, clay dispersed in water, bulk density, particle density, aggregate stability, organic carbon, and penetration resistance. The clay flocculation degree and organic matter content were calculated. The soil hydraulic conductivity was tested in the field. The 3 x 3 x 5 factorial scheme consisted of two soil management systems (papaya planted in furrow and ridge) and native secondary forest; three soil layers (0-0.1; 0.1-0.2, and 0.2-0.3 m), in five replications, except for the hydraulic conductivity, for which a factorial 3 x 2 x 5 (two soil management systems and secondary forest; two tensions - 0 and 5 hPa; five replications) was used, in a completely randomized design. The Kolmorogov-Smirnov Test was used to verify the normality of data distribution, the F Test for analysis of variance and Tukey's test for mean comparison, all at p=0.05. It was concluded that: a) the hypothesis that the tillage systems worsen the physical soil quality was refuted, indicating that the quality of the cultivated soil was generally maintained or improved in relation to the status of the native soil; b) the decrease of the organic matter content, percentage of stable aggregates (diameter class 4.76-2.00 mm) and the mean weighted diameter in cultivated soil, although still far from critical limits, indicate the need for management practices that avoid soil degradation; c) the soil quality indices were sensitive to changes caused by soil management systems and can therefore be used as a basis of interpretation of the dynamics of soil physical processes in time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-0683
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2009
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo Vol. 33, No. 1 ( 2009-02), p. 17-24
    In: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 33, No. 1 ( 2009-02), p. 17-24
    Abstract: The tensiometer is the most used instrument in the field to determine the soil water matric potential, so that the evaluation of its reading systems is very important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate different reading systems for the traditional field tensiometer traditional field tensiometer and it is justified because it will indicate the situation in which each system should be used. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized factorial design (3 x 2 x 2 x 11), using three tensiometer reading systems (mercury manometer, Bourdon gauge and digital tensimeter with pressure transducer), two installation depths of the porous cup (0.2 and 1.0 m), two readings per day (morning and afternoon) during 11 days of readings, with four replications. The data were submitted to the F test (variance analysis) and the means compared by the Tukey test at 5 %. Besides, the systems were also evaluated using the statistical indicators Willmott concordance index, maximum error, mean absolute error, normalized root mean-square error, determination coefficient, coefficient of residual mass and efficiency, based on the mercury manometer as reference. It was concluded that (a) whenever the Bourdon vacuometer is installed at a particular hydraulic load in the tensiometer length, this should be considered in the matric potential calculation, (b) the Bourdon's vacuometer was more precise and efficient than the digital tensiometer and (c) the digital tensiometer overestimated the soil water matric potential in comparison to the mercury manometer and Bourdon's vacuometer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-0683
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 9
    In: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 34, No. 5 ( 2010-10), p. 1721-1731
    Abstract: In regions with water stress, irrigation methods that optimize water application to crops are required for agricultural production. Knowledge on soil water storage in the soil rooting zone during an agricultural crop cycle is essential for water and soil management. The objective of this study was to evaluate water storage in an Inceptisol under drip-irrigated muskmelon, with and without soil cover. The experiment was carried out in the Apodi Tableland, county of Baraúna, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (05 º 04 ' 48 S, 37 º 37 ' 00 W). Water storage was estimated for the 0-0.3 m soil layer, which is the layer explored by the effective root system of crops. Water storage was monitored daily, in the four phenological stages: initial, rapid growth, fructification and maturation. It was concluded that the soil cover increased water storage, especially in the initial and rapid growth stages of the crop, but did not influence the fruit yield and post-harvest characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-0683
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2145594-6
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2015
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo Vol. 39, No. 4 ( 2015-08), p. 1015-1024
    In: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 39, No. 4 ( 2015-08), p. 1015-1024
    Abstract: Soil properties become quality indicators as they come to be used to monitor soil changes through time. Under the hypothesis that the soils of the Chapada do Apodi (Apodi Plateau), CE, Brazil, underwent changes in physical quality through use, and that management systems lead to a new state of equilibrium in these properties, the aim of this study was to analyze the degree of these changes to ascertain whether soil use is leading to a process of physical degradation. A Cambisol under cultivation with banana and under secondary forest was evaluated from the surface to 0.3 m deep, in three layers of 0.1 m, in regard to the following aspects: soil texture, clay dispersed in water, degree of flocculation, organic matter, particle density, bulk density, aggregate stability, and resistance to penetration. We concluded that the indicators used for evaluation show that the quality of the soil properties under cultivation is maintained compared to the situation of secondary forest. Although we did not observe a significant difference between the properties evaluated by univariate statistics in the situations of soil use and management, cluster analysis was effective in distinguishing three groups of soil situations based on the variables analyzed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-0683
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2145594-6
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