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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genetic History of the Altai Breed Horses: From Ancient Times to Modernity
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Genes Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2023-07-26), p. 1523-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2023-07-26), p. 1523-
    Abstract: This study focuses on expanding knowledge about the genetic diversity of the Altai horse native to Siberia. While studying modern horses from two Altai regions, where horses were subjected to less crossbreeding, we tested the hypothesis, formulated on the basis of morphological data, that the Altai horse is represented by two populations (Eastern and Southern) and that the Mongolian horse has a greater genetic proximity to Eastern Altai horses. Bone samples of ancient horses from different cultures of Altai were investigated to clarify the genetic history of this horse breed. As a genetic marker, we chose hypervariable region I of mitochondrial DNA. The results of the performed phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of our and previously published data confirmed the hypothesis stated above. As we found out, almost all the haplotypes of the ancient domesticated horses of Altai are widespread among modern Altai horses. The differences between the mitochondrial gene pools of the ancient horses of Altai and Mongolia are more significant than between those of modern horses of the respective regions, which is most likely due to an increase in migration processes between these regions after the Early Iron Age.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes14081523
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evolution of Tandemly Arranged Repetitive DNAs in Three Species of Cyprinoidei with Different Ploidy Levels
    S. Karger AG ; 2021
    In:  Cytogenetic and Genome Research Vol. 161, No. 1-2 ( 2021), p. 32-42
    Details
    In: Cytogenetic and Genome Research, S. Karger AG, Vol. 161, No. 1-2 ( 2021), p. 32-42
    Abstract: Polyploid species represent a challenge for both cytogenetic and genomic studies due to their high chromosome numbers and the morphological similarity between their paralogous chromosomes. This paper describes the use of low-coverage high-throughput sequencing to identify the 14 most abundant tandemly arranged repetitive elements in the paleotetraploid genome of the crucian carp ( 〈 i 〉 Carassius carassius 〈 /i 〉 , 2n = 100). These repetitive elements were then used for molecular cytogenetic studies of a closely related functionally triploid form of the Prussian carp ( 〈 i 〉 Carassius gibelio, 〈 /i 〉 3n = 150 + Bs) and a relatively distant diploid species, the tench ( 〈 i 〉 Tinca tinca 〈 /i 〉 , 2n = 48). According to their distribution on the chromosomes of the 3 aforementioned species, the repetitive elements here identified can be divided into 5 groups: (1) those specific to a single genomic locus in both 〈 i 〉 Carassius 〈 /i 〉 species, despite the recent carp-specific genome duplication; (2) those located in a single genomic locus of 〈 i 〉 T. tinca 〈 /i 〉 , but amplified in one or both 〈 i 〉 Carassius 〈 /i 〉 species; (3) those massively amplified in the B chromosomes of 〈 i 〉 C. gibelio 〈 /i 〉 ; (4) those located in a single locus in 〈 i 〉 C. gibelio 〈 /i 〉 , but amplified in many blocks in 〈 i 〉 C. carassius 〈 /i 〉 ; and (5) those located in multiple pericentromeric loci in both 〈 i 〉 Carassius 〈 /i 〉 species. Our data indicate that some of the repetitive elements are highly conserved in cyprinoid species and may serve as good cytogenetic and genomic markers for discriminating paralogous chromosomes, while others are evolutionarily recent, and their amplification may be related to the last whole-genome duplication event.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8581 , 1424-859X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000513274
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2061918-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phylogeography of ancient and modern brown bears from eastern Eurasia
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Biological Journal of the Linnean Society Vol. 135, No. 4 ( 2022-03-22), p. 722-733
    Details
    In: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 135, No. 4 ( 2022-03-22), p. 722-733
    Abstract: The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is an iconic carnivoran species of the Northern Hemisphere. Its population history has been studied extensively using mitochondrial markers, which demonstrated signatures of multiple waves of migration, arguably connected with glaciation periods. Among Eurasian brown bears, Siberian populations remain understudied. We have sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes of four ancient (~4.5–40 kya) bears from South Siberia and 19 modern bears from South Siberia and the Russian Far East. Reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships between haplotypes and evaluation of modern population structure have demonstrated that all the studied samples belong to the most widespread Eurasian clade 3. One of the ancient haplotypes takes a basal position relative to the whole of clade 3; the second is basal to the haplogroup 3a (the most common subclade), and two others belong to clades 3a1 and 3b. Modern Siberian bears retain at least some of this diversity; apart from the most common haplogroup 3a, we demonstrate the presence of clade 3b, which was previously found mainly in mainland Eurasia and Northern Japan. Our findings highlight the importance of South Siberia as a refugium for northern Eurasian brown bears and further corroborate the hypothesis of several waves of migration in the Pleistocene.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-4066 , 1095-8312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac009
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461865-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 220623-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Определение вида древних и средневековых представителей рода Equus основе генетических данных
    Tatarstan Academy of Sciences ; 2024
    In:  Археология Евразийских степей , No. 1 ( 2024-02-29), p. 98-115
    Details
    In: Археология Евразийских степей, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, , No. 1 ( 2024-02-29), p. 98-115
    Abstract: Поскольку одной из особенностей эволюционной истории представителей рода Equus (Лошади) является высокое сходство морфологии скелетов разных видов этого рода, морфометрические характеристики не всегда позволяют определить видовую принадлежность обнаруженных костных образцов лошадей. В особенности это касается разрозненных костей и неполных зубов, найденных отдельно от целых скелетов. В такой ситуации важное значение приобретает молекулярно-генетический анализ, который позволяет уточнить видовую принадлежность. Только на основе митогеномных данных сложно определить, относится ли образец к домашней или дикой лошади, для этого необходимо провести полногеномный анализ. Исходя из данных митогеномов, можно достаточно четко отличить разные виды рода Equus между собой. В данной работе авторы исследовали 4 костных образца древних лошадей и 1 костный образец средневековой лошади, обнаруженных на территориях Среднего Поволжья и Южной Сибири. Методом целевого обогащения для них были получены митогеномные библиотеки и проведено их высокопроизводительное секвенирование. Вторичный биоинформатический анализ и следующие за ним анализ отдельных прочтений и филогенетические реконструкции на основе полученных нами консенсусных последовательностей митогеномов исследуемых образцов, современных лошадей из разных регионов мира и референсных последовательностей домашней лошади, ленской лошади, лошади Оводова и кулана показали отнесение исследуемых образцов к перечисленным выше видам рода Equus. Данные авторов показали предпочтительность использования для определения видовой принадлежности древних и современных образцов полногеномных последовательностей по сравнению с анализом отдельных генетических маркеров.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2618-9488 , 2587-6112
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.24852/2587-6112.2024.1
    DOI: 10.24852/2587-6112.2024.1.98.115
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3104829-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Complex Structure of Lasiopodomys mandarinus vinogradovi Sex Chromosomes, Sex Determination, and Intraspecific Autosomal Polymorphism
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Genes Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2020-03-30), p. 374-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2020-03-30), p. 374-
    Abstract: The mandarin vole, Lasiopodomys mandarinus, is one of the most intriguing species among mammals with non-XX/XY sex chromosome system. It combines polymorphism in diploid chromosome numbers, variation in the morphology of autosomes, heteromorphism of X chromosomes, and several sex chromosome systems the origin of which remains unexplained. Here we elucidate the sex determination system in Lasiopodomys mandarinus vinogradovi using extensive karyotyping, crossbreeding experiments, molecular cytogenetic methods, and single chromosome DNA sequencing. Among 205 karyotyped voles, one male and three female combinations of sex chromosomes were revealed. The chromosome segregation pattern and karyomorph-related reproductive performances suggested an aberrant sex determination with almost half of the females carrying neo-X/neo-Y combination. The comparative chromosome painting strongly supported this proposition and revealed the mandarin vole sex chromosome systems originated due to at least two de novo autosomal translocations onto the ancestral X chromosome. The polymorphism in autosome 2 was not related to sex chromosome variability and was proved to result from pericentric inversions. Sequencing of microdissection derived of sex chromosomes allowed the determination of the coordinates for syntenic regions but did not reveal any Y-specific sequences. Several possible sex determination mechanisms as well as interpopulation karyological differences are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes11040374
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Whole-chromosome fusions in the karyotype evolution of Sceloporus (Iguania, Reptilia) are more frequent in sex chromosomes than autosomes
    The Royal Society ; 2021
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 376, No. 1833 ( 2021-09-13), p. 20200099-
    Details
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 376, No. 1833 ( 2021-09-13), p. 20200099-
    Abstract: Whole-chromosome fusions play a major role in the karyotypic evolution of reptiles. It has been suggested that certain chromosomes tend to fuse with sex chromosomes more frequently than others. However, the comparative genomic synteny data are too scarce to draw strong conclusions. We obtained and sequenced chromosome-specific DNA pools of Sceloporus malachiticus , an iguanian species which has experienced many chromosome fusions. We found that four of seven lineage-specific fusions involved sex chromosomes, and that certain syntenic blocks which constitute the sex chromosomes, such as the homologues of the Anolis carolinensis chromosomes 11 and 16, are repeatedly involved in sex chromosome formation in different squamate species. To test the hypothesis that the karyotypic shift could be associated with changes in recombination patterns, we performed a synaptonemal complex analysis in this species and in Sceloporus variabilis (2 n = 34). It revealed that the sex chromosomes in S. malachiticus had two distal pseudoautosomal regions and a medial differentiated region. We found that multiple fusions little affected the recombination rate in S. malachiticus . Our data confirm more frequent involvement of certain chromosomes in sex chromosome formation, but do not reveal a connection between the gonosome–autosome fusions and the evolution of recombination rate. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates (Part II)’.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8436 , 1471-2970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0099
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462620-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Archaeogenomics of Animal Domestication in Eurasia
    Tatarstan Academy of Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) Vol. 1, No. 35 ( 2021-3-25), p. 179-186
    Details
    In: Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology), Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 35 ( 2021-3-25), p. 179-186
    Abstract: The processes of domestication and subsequent distribution of animals in Eurasia are closely related to human migrations and intercultural exchanges starting from the end of the Pleistocene. The development of methods for the isolation and analysis of ancient DNA from archaeological and paleontological remains has made it possible to take a new look at both the presumed core regions of domestication and the geography and dynamics of livestock distribution. This paper discusses the reports on the reconstruction of the migration processes of domestic animals in Eurasia using the analysis of ancient DNA performed by leading specialists from Great Britain, France, Finland, Ireland, and Russia at the international symposium on Domestic Animal Archaeogenomics (Bolgar, Republic of Tatarstan, March 2020). In addition to discussing the demographic history of different species of domestic animals, special attention was given to the development of methods for working with ancient DNA and the peculiarities of sample storage and handling. Summarizing the results of the symposium, the authors identified priority areas for future research. The interdisciplinary nature of research and the need to create broad scientific network that includes specialists from different fields were emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-4099 , 2500-2856
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.24852/pa2021.1.35
    DOI: 10.24852/pa2012
    DOI: 10.24852/pa2021.1.35.179.186
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3011033-6
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