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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wave spectrum retrieval from airborne sunglitter images
    Elsevier BV ; 2018
    In:  Remote Sensing of Environment Vol. 217 ( 2018-11), p. 61-71
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing of Environment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 217 ( 2018-11), p. 61-71
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0034-4257
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2018.07.026
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 431483-9
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 14
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Instability and Equilibration of Centrifugally Stable Stratified Taylor-Couette Flow
    American Physical Society (APS) ; 2001
    In:  Physical Review Letters Vol. 86, No. 23 ( 2001-6-4), p. 5270-5273
    Details
    In: Physical Review Letters, American Physical Society (APS), Vol. 86, No. 23 ( 2001-6-4), p. 5270-5273
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-9007 , 1079-7114
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.5270
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 6520
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472655-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208853-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Balanced and unbalanced routes to dissipation in an equilibrated Eady flow
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Fluid Mechanics Vol. 654 ( 2010-07-10), p. 35-63
    Details
    In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 654 ( 2010-07-10), p. 35-63
    Abstract: The oceanic general circulation is forced at large scales and is unstable to mesoscale eddies. Large-scale currents and eddy flows are approximately in geostrophic balance. Geostrophic dynamics is characterized by an inverse energy cascade except for dissipation near the boundaries. In this paper, we confront the dilemma of how the general circulation may achieve dynamical equilibrium in the presence of continuous large-scale forcing and the absence of boundary dissipation. We do this with a forced horizontal flow with spatially uniform rotation, vertical stratification and vertical shear in a horizontally periodic domain, i.e. a version of Eady's flow carried to turbulent equilibrium. A direct route to interior dissipation is presented that is essentially non-geostrophic in its dynamics, with significant submesoscale frontogenesis, frontal instability and breakdown, and forward kinetic energy cascade to dissipation. To support this conclusion, a series of simulations is made with both quasigeostrophic and Boussinesq models. The quasigeostrophic model is shown as increasingly inefficient in achieving equilibration through viscous dissipation at increasingly higher numerical resolution (hence Reynolds number), whereas the non-geostrophic Boussinesq model equilibrates with only weak dependence on resolution and Rossby number.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1120 , 1469-7645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0022112009993272
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472346-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218334-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The LatMix Summer Campaign: Submesoscale Stirring in the Upper Ocean
    American Meteorological Society ; 2015
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 96, No. 8 ( 2015-08-01), p. 1257-1279
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 96, No. 8 ( 2015-08-01), p. 1257-1279
    Abstract: Lateral stirring is a basic oceanographic phenomenon affecting the distribution of physical, chemical, and biological fields. Eddy stirring at scales on the order of 100 km (the mesoscale) is fairly well understood and explicitly represented in modern eddy-resolving numerical models of global ocean circulation. The same cannot be said for smaller-scale stirring processes. Here, the authors describe a major oceanographic field experiment aimed at observing and understanding the processes responsible for stirring at scales of 0.1–10 km. Stirring processes of varying intensity were studied in the Sargasso Sea eddy field approximately 250 km southeast of Cape Hatteras. Lateral variability of water-mass properties, the distribution of microscale turbulence, and the evolution of several patches of inert dye were studied with an array of shipboard, autonomous, and airborne instruments. Observations were made at two sites, characterized by weak and moderate background mesoscale straining, to contrast different regimes of lateral stirring. Analyses to date suggest that, in both cases, the lateral dispersion of natural and deliberately released tracers was O(1) m2 s–1 as found elsewhere, which is faster than might be expected from traditional shear dispersion by persistent mesoscale flow and linear internal waves. These findings point to the possible importance of kilometer-scale stirring by submesoscale eddies and nonlinear internal-wave processes or the need to modify the traditional shear-dispersion paradigm to include higher-order effects. A unique aspect of the Scalable Lateral Mixing and Coherent Turbulence (LatMix) field experiment is the combination of direct measurements of dye dispersion with the concurrent multiscale hydrographic and turbulence observations, enabling evaluation of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the observed dispersion at a new level.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00015.1
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00015.3
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029396-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 419957-1
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Gulf Stream Dynamics along the Southeastern U.S. Seaboard
    American Meteorological Society ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 45, No. 3 ( 2015-03), p. 690-715
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 45, No. 3 ( 2015-03), p. 690-715
    Abstract: The Gulf Stream strongly interacts with the topography along the southeastern U.S. seaboard, between the Straits of Florida and Cape Hatteras. The dynamics of the Gulf Stream in this region is investigated with a set of realistic, very high-resolution simulations using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). The mean path is strongly influenced by the topography and in particular the Charleston Bump. There are significant local pressure anomalies and topographic form stresses exerted by the bump that retard the mean flow and steer the mean current pathway seaward. The topography provides, through bottom pressure torque, the positive input of barotropic vorticity necessary to balance the meridional transport of fluid and close the gyre-scale vorticity balance. The effect of the topography on the development of meanders and eddies is studied by computing energy budgets of the eddies and the mean flow. The baroclinic instability is stabilized by the slope everywhere except past the bump. The flow is barotropically unstable, and kinetic energy is converted from the mean flow to the eddies following the Straits of Florida and at the bump with regions of eddy-to-mean conversion in between. There is eddy growth by Reynolds stress and downstream development of the eddies. Interaction of the flow with the topography acts as an external forcing process to localize these oceanic storm tracks. Associated time-averaged eddy fluxes are essential to maintain and reshape the mean current. The pattern of eddy fluxes is interpreted in terms of eddy life cycle, eddy fluxes being directed downgradient in eddy growth regions and upgradient in eddy decay regions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0154.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Submesoscale Dynamics in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Part III: Lagrangian Implications
    American Meteorological Society ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 47, No. 9 ( 2017-09), p. 2361-2376
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 47, No. 9 ( 2017-09), p. 2361-2376
    Abstract: Four numerical simulations are used to characterize the impact of submesoscale circulations on surface Lagrangian statistics in the northern Gulf of Mexico over 2 months, February and August, representative of winter and summer. The role of resolution and riverine forcing is explored focusing on surface waters in regions where the water column is deeper than 50 m. Whenever submesoscale circulations are present, the probability density functions (PDFs) of dynamical quantities such as vorticity and horizontal velocity divergence for Eulerian and Lagrangian fields differ, with particles preferentially mapping areas of elevated negative divergence and positive vorticity. The stronger the submesoscale circulations are, the more skewed the Lagrangian distributions become, with greater differences between Eulerian and Lagrangian PDFs. In winter, Lagrangian distributions are modestly impacted by the presence of the riverine outflow, while increasing the model resolution from submesoscale permitting to submesoscale resolving has a more profound impact. In summer, the presence of riverine-induced buoyancy gradients is the key to the development of submesoscale circulations and different Eulerian and Lagrangian PDFs. Finite-size Lyapunov exponents (FSLEs) are used to characterize lateral mixing rates. Whenever submesoscale circulations are resolved and riverine outflow is included, FSLEs slopes are broadly consistent with local stirring. Simulated slopes are close to −0.5 and support a velocity field where the ageostrophic and frontogenetic components contribute stirring at scales between about 5 and 7 times the model resolution and 100 km. The robustness of Lagrangian statistics is further discussed in terms of their spatial and temporal variability and of the number of particles available.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-17-0036.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Gulf Stream North Wall: Ageostrophic Circulation and Frontogenesis
    American Meteorological Society ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 49, No. 4 ( 2019-04), p. 893-916
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 49, No. 4 ( 2019-04), p. 893-916
    Abstract: Eastward zonal jets are common in the ocean and atmosphere, for example, the Gulf Stream and jet stream. They are characterized by atypically strong horizontal velocity, baroclinic vertical structure with an upward flow intensification, large change in the density stratification meridionally across the jet, large-scale meanders around a central latitude, narrow troughs and broad crests, and a sharp and vertically sloping northern (poleward) “wall” defined by horizontal maxima in the lateral gradients of both velocity and density. Measurements and realistic oceanic simulations show these features in the Gulf Stream downstream from its western boundary separation point. A diagnostic theory based on the conservative balance equations is developed to calculate the 3D velocity field associated with the dynamic height field. When applied to an idealized representation of a meandering jet, it explains the spatial structure of the associated ageostrophic secondary circulation around the jet and the positive frontogenetic tendency along the northern wall in the meander sector located upstream from the trough. This provides a basis for understanding why submesoscale instabilities and cross-wall intrusion and streamer events are more prevalent along the sector downstream from the trough and at the crest where there is not such a frontogenetic tendency. An important attribute for this frontogenesis pattern is the 3D shape of the jet, whose idealization is summarized above.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-18-0203.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Submesoscale Vortical Wakes in the Lee of Topography
    American Meteorological Society ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 49, No. 7 ( 2019-07), p. 1949-1971
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 49, No. 7 ( 2019-07), p. 1949-1971
    Abstract: An idealized framework of steady barotropic flow past an isolated seamount in a background of constant stratification (with frequency N ) and rotation (with Coriolis parameter f ) is used to examine the formation, separation, instability of the turbulent bottom boundary layers (BBLs), and ultimately, the genesis of submesoscale coherent vortices (SCVs) in the ocean interior. The BBLs generate vertical vorticity ζ and potential vorticity q on slopes; the flow separates and spawns shear layers; barotropic and centrifugal shear instabilities form submesoscale vortical filaments and induce a high rate of local energy dissipation; the filaments organize into vortices that then horizontally merge and vertically align to form SCVs. These SCVs have O (1) Rossby numbers ( ) and horizontal and vertical scales that are much larger than those of the separated shear layers and associated vortical filaments. Although the upstream flow is barotropic, downstream baroclinicity manifests in the wake, depending on the value of the nondimensional height , which is the ratio of the seamount height to that of the Taylor height , where L is the seamount half-width. When , SCVs span the vertical extent of the seamount itself. However, for , there is greater range of variation in the sizes of the SCVs in the wake, reflecting the wake baroclinicity caused by the topographic interaction. The aspect ratio of the wake SCVs has the scaling , instead of the quasigeostrophic scaling .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-18-0042.1
    DOI: 10.1175/jpo-d-18-0042.s1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Stratification on Shoaling Internal Tidal Bores
    American Meteorological Society ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 51, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 3183-3202
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 51, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 3183-3202
    Abstract: Idealized simulations of a shoaling internal tide on a gently sloping, linear shelf provide a tool to investigate systematically the effects of stratification strength, vertical structure, and internal wave amplitude on internal tidal bores. Simulations that prescribe a range of uniform or variable stratifications and wave amplitudes demonstrate a variety of internal tidal bores characterized by shoreward-propagating horizontal density fronts with associated overturning circulations. Qualitatively, we observe three classes of solution: 1) bores, 2) bores with trailing wave trains, and 3) no bores. Very strong stratification (small wave) or very weak stratification (large wave) inhibits bore formation. Bores exist in an intermediate zone of stratification strength and wave amplitude. Within this intermediate zone, wave trains can trail bores if the stratification is relatively weak or wave amplitude large. We observe three types of bore that arise dependent on the vertical structure of stratification and wave amplitude: 1) a “backward” downwelling front (near uniform stratification, small to intermediate waves), 2) a “forward” upwelling front (strong pycnocline, small to large waves), and 3) a “double” bore with leading up and trailing downwelling front (intermediate pycnocline, intermediate to large waves). Visualization of local flow structures explores the evolution of each of these bore types. A frontogenetic diagnostic framework elucidates the previously undiscussed yet universal role of vertical straining of a stratified fluid that initiates formation of bores. Bores with wave trains exhibit strong nonhydrostatic dynamics. The results of this study suggest that mid-to-outer shelf measurements of stratification and cross-shore flow can serve as proxies to indicate the class of bore farther inshore.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-21-0107.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Imperfections of the North Atlantic wind-driven ocean circulation: Continental geometry and windstress shape
    Journal of Marine Research/Yale ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Marine Research Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 1999-1-1), p. 1-28
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Research, Journal of Marine Research/Yale, Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 1999-1-1), p. 1-28
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1543-9542 , 0022-2402
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1357/002224099765038544
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Journal of Marine Research/Yale
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410655-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066603-2
    SSG: 12
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