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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    International Brain Research Organization (IBRO) global neuroscience advocacy programme: Four imperative resolutions to strengthen neuroscience research and development in Malaysia
    Elsevier BV ; 2017
    In:  IBRO Reports Vol. 2 ( 2017-06), p. 41-46
    Details
    In: IBRO Reports, Elsevier BV, Vol. 2 ( 2017-06), p. 41-46
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2451-8301
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2017.02.001
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2893627-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Gold Nanoparticles Inducing Osteogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells: A Review
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Cluster Science Vol. 29, No. 1 ( 2018-1), p. 1-7
    Details
    In: Journal of Cluster Science, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 29, No. 1 ( 2018-1), p. 1-7
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1040-7278 , 1572-8862
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10876-017-1311-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016762-3
    SSG: 11
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  • 3
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    Pluronic-F-127-Passivated SnO2 Nanoparticles Derived by Using Polygonum cuspidatum Root Extract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Properties
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Plants Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2023-04-25), p. 1760-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2023-04-25), p. 1760-
    Abstract: Nanotechnology has emerged as the most popular research topic with revolutionary applications across all scientific disciplines. Tin oxide (SnO2) has been gaining considerable attention lately owing to its intriguing features, which can be enhanced by its synthesis in the nanoscale range. The establishment of a cost-efficient and ecologically friendly procedure for its production is the result of growing concerns about human well-being. The novelty and significance of this study lie in the fact that the synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles have been tailored to have specific properties, such as size and morphology. These properties are crucial for their applications. Moreover, this study provides insights into the synthesis process of SnO2 nanoparticles, which can be useful for developing efficient and cost-effective methods for large-scale production. In the current study, green Pluronic-coated SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing the root extracts of Polygonum cuspidatum have been formulated and characterized by several methods such as UV–visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies. The crystallite size of SnO2 NPs was estimated to be 45 nm, and a tetragonal rutile-type crystalline structure was observed. FESEM analysis validated the NPs’ spherical structure. The cytotoxic potential of the NPs against HepG2 cells was assessed using the in vitro MTT assay. The apoptotic efficiency of the NPs was evaluated using a dual-staining approach. The NPs revealed substantial cytotoxic effects against HepG2 cells but failed to exhibit cytotoxicity in different liver cell lines. Furthermore, dual staining and flow cytometry studies revealed higher apoptosis in NP-treated HepG2 cells. Nanoparticle treatment also inhibited the cell cycle at G0/G1 stage. It increased oxidative stress and promoted apoptosis by encouraging pro-apoptotic protein expression in HepG2 cells. NP treatment effectively blocked the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in HepG2 cells. Thus, green Pluronic-F-127-coated SnO2 NPs exhibits enormous efficiency to be utilized as an talented anticancer agent.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants12091760
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 4
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    Leptospiral Infection, Pathogenesis and Its Diagnosis—A Review
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-02-01), p. 145-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-02-01), p. 145-
    Abstract: Leptospirosis is a perplexing conundrum for many. In the existing literature, the pathophysiological mechanisms pertaining to leptospirosis is still not understood in full. Considered as a neglected tropical zoonotic disease, leptospirosis is culminating as a serious problem worldwide, seemingly existing as co-infections with various other unrelated diseases, including dengue and malaria. Misdiagnosis is also common as non-specific symptoms are documented extensively in the literature. This can easily lead to death, as the severe form of leptospirosis (Weil’s disease) manifests as a complex of systemic complications, especially renal failure. The virulence of Leptospira sp. is usually attributed to the outer membrane proteins, including LipL32. With an armament of virulence factors at their disposal, their ability to easily adhere, invade and replicate within cells calls for a swift refinement in research progress to establish their exact pathophysiological framework. As an effort to reconstitute the current knowledge on leptospirosis, the basis of leptospiral infection, including its risk factors, classification, morphology, transmission, pathogenesis, co-infections and clinical manifestations are highlighted in this review. The various diagnostic techniques are also outlined with emphasis on their respective pros and cons.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020145
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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  • 5
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    Treatment of HT29 Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line with Nanocarrier-Encapsulated Camptothecin Reveals Histone Modifier Genes in the Wnt Signaling Pathway as Important Molecular Cues for Colon Cancer Targeting
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 22 ( 2021-11-13), p. 12286-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 22 ( 2021-11-13), p. 12286-
    Abstract: Cancer cells are able to proliferate in an unregulated manner. There are several mechanisms involved that propel such neoplastic transformations. One of these processes involves bypassing cell death through changes in gene expression and, consequently, cell growth. This involves a complex epigenetic interaction within the cell, which drives it towards oncogenic transformations. These epigenetic events augment cellular growth by potentially altering chromatin structures and influencing key gene expressions. Therapeutic mechanisms have been developed to combat this by taking advantage of the underlying oncogenic mechanisms through chemical modulation. Camptothecin (CPT) is an example of this type of drug. It is a selective topoisomerase I inhibitor that is effective against many cancers, such as colorectal cancer. Previously, we successfully formulated a magnetic nanocarrier-conjugated CPT with β-cyclodextrin and iron NPs (Fe3O4) cross-linked using EDTA (CPT-CEF). Compared to CPT alone, it boasts higher efficacy due to its selective targeting and increased solubility. In this study, we treated HT29 colon cancer cells with CPT-CEF and attempted to investigate the cytotoxic effects of the formulation through an epigenetic perspective. By using RNA-Seq, several differentially expressed genes were obtained (p 〈 0.05). Enrichr was then used for the over-representation analysis, and the genes were compared to the epigenetic roadmap and histone modification database. The results showed that the DEGs had a high correlation with epigenetic modifications involving histone H3 acetylation. Furthermore, a subset of these genes was shown to be associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is highly upregulated in a large number of cancer cells. These genes could be investigated as downstream therapeutic targets against the uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells. Further interaction analysis of the identified genes with the key genes of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in colorectal cancer identified the direct interactors and a few transcription regulators. Further analysis in cBioPortal confirmed their genetic alterations and their distribution across patient samples. Thus, the findings of this study reveal that colorectal cancer could be reversed by treatment with the CPT-CEF nanoparticle-conjugated nanocarrier through an epigenetic mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212286
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Synthesis, Characterization, and Antiproliferative Effect of CuO-TiO2-Chitosan-Amygdalin Nanocomposites in Human Leukemic MOLT4 Cells
    Hindawi Limited ; 2022
    In:  Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications Vol. 2022 ( 2022-9-26), p. 1-13
    Details
    In: Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2022 ( 2022-9-26), p. 1-13
    Abstract: The main aim of this study was to synthesize copper oxide- (CuO-) titanium oxide- (TiO2-) chitosan-amygdalin nanocomposites (CTCANc) and to characterize them physically and biologically (antimicrobial and anticancer activity using MOLT4 blood cancer cell line) to endorse their useful applications as potential drug candidates in anticancer avenues. CuO-TiO2-chitosan-amygdalin nanocomposites were synthesized according to standard, reported methods. Physical characterization of the nanocomposites was performed using methods like X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and morphological and ultrastructural analysis of nanocomposites were done using electron microscope scanning and transmission. FTIR was recorded using a Perkin-Elmer spectrometer, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were done using the spectrometer. Further, antibacterial activities were assessed using standard bacterial cultures. To demonstrate the nanocomposite’s anticancer effects, MTT assay, morphological analysis, apoptosis studies using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) dual staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis, and levels of antioxidant enzymes were analyzed using the MOLT4 blood cancer cell line. Synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using XRD and showed various peaks, respectively, for CuO-TiO2, amygdalin, and chitosan. MTT assay indicated an IC50 value of 38.41 μg/ml concentration of CTCANc. Hence, 30 and 40 μg/ml were used for the subsequent experiments. Morphological analysis, staining for apoptosis using AO/EtBr, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP or ΔΨm) analysis, ROS analysis, and determination of the SOD, CAT, MDA, and GSH levels were performed. Observations like a significant loss of morphology, induction of apoptosis, elevated ROS, and decreased MMP were significant in 30 and 40 μg/ml nanocomposite-treated cells when compared to control cells. The bimetallic nanocomposites exhibited typical nanocomposites characteristics and significant antibacterial and anticancer effects. The study results endorse the antibacterial, anticancer activity of CuO-TiO2-chitosan-amygdalin nanocomposites and strongly suggest that further in-depth research using CuO-TiO2-chitosan-amygdalin nanocomposites could reveal their efficacy in the clinical scenario.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-479X , 1565-3633
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2022/1473922
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2213020-2
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  • 7
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    Corrigendum: Mitigation of Sodium Iodate-Induced Cytotoxicity in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells in vitro by Transgenic Erythropoietin-Expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology Vol. 9 ( 2021-10-4)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2021-10-4)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-634X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.770837
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2737824-X
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  • 8
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    Image_1.JPEG
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology Vol. 9 ( 2021-4-15)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2021-4-15)
    Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have shown promise in restoring the vision of patients in clinical trials. However, this therapeutic effect is not observed in every treated patient and is possibly due to the inefficacies of cell delivery and high cell death following transplantation. Utilizing erythropoietin can significantly enhance the regenerative properties of MSCs and hence improve retinal neuron survivability in oxidative stress. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy of conditioned medium (CM) obtained from transgenic human erythropoietin-expressing MSCs (MSC EPO ) in protecting human retinal pigment epithelial cells from sodium iodate (NaIO 3 )-induced cell death. Human MSC and MSC EPO were first cultured to obtain conditioned media (CM). The IC 50 of NaIO 3 in the ARPE-19 culture was then determined by an MTT assay. After that, the efficacy of both MSC-CM and MSC-CM EPO in ARPE-19 cell survival were compared at 24 and 48 h after NaIO 3 treatment with MTT. The treatment effects on mitochondrial membrane potential was then measured by a JC-1 flow cytometric assay. The MTT results indicated a corresponding increase in cell survivability (5–58%) in the ARPE-19 cell cultures. In comparison to MSC-CM, the use of conditioned medium collected from the MSC-CM EPO further enhanced the rate of ARPE-19 survivability at 24 h ( P & lt; 0.05) and 48 h ( P & lt; 0.05) in the presence of NaIO 3 . Furthermore, more than 90% were found viable with the JC-1 assay after MSC-CM EPO treatment, showing a positive implication on the mitochondrial dynamics of ARPE-19. The MSC-CM EPO provided an enhanced mitigating effect against NaIO 3 -induced ARPE-19 cell death over that of MSC-CM alone during the early phase of the treatment, and it may act as a future therapy in treating retinal degenerative diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-634X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652065
    DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652065.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2737824-X
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Lipofection of Single Guide RNA Targeting MMP8 Decreases Proliferation and Migration in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Medicina Vol. 57, No. 7 ( 2021-07-14), p. 710-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 57, No. 7 ( 2021-07-14), p. 710-
    Abstract: Background and Objectives: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have been implicated as major determinants of tumour growth and metastasis, which are considered two of the main hallmarks of cancer. The interaction of MMP8 and other signalling molecules within and adjacent tumoral tissues, including immune cells, are rather elusive, particularly of adenocarcinoma cell type. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of MMP8 in non-small cell lung cancer proliferation and invasiveness potential. Materials and Methods: We individually lipofected with two different single guide RNA (sgRNAs) that specifically targeted on MMP8, with CRISPR-Cas 9 protein into the cells. Results: Our results clearly indicated that the lipofection of these complexes could lead to reduced ability of A549 cells to survive and proliferate to form colonies. In addition, when compared to non-transfected cells, the experimental cell groups receiving sgRNAs demonstrated relatively decreased migration rate, hence, wider wound gaps in scratch assay. The quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) demonstrated significant reduction in the MAP-K, survivin and PI3-K gene expression. MMP8 might have protective roles over tumour growth and spread in our body. Conclusions: The delivery of sgRNAs targeting on the MMP8 gene could induce tumour cell death and arrest cell migratory activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070710
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Hematological Findings among COVID-19 Patients Attending King Khalid Hospital at Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    Hindawi Limited ; 2022
    In:  BioMed Research International Vol. 2022 ( 2022-2-16), p. 1-6
    Details
    In: BioMed Research International, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2022 ( 2022-2-16), p. 1-6
    Abstract: COVID-19 is a global pandemic viral infection that has affected millions worldwide. Limited data is available on the effect of COVID-19 on hematological parameters in Saudi Arabia. This study is aimed at examining the role of hematological parameters among COVID-19 patients admitted to King Khalid Hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia. This is a retrospective, hospital-based study of 514 cases who were recruited during August to October 2020. 257 COVID-19 patients formed the study group, and a further 257 negative subjects formed the control group. Anemia was significantly elevated in positive subjects over controls (respectively, 64.2% and 35.8%), with patients 2.5 times more likely to be anemic ( p 〈 0.01 ). Thrombocytopenia was higher in patients over controls (respectively, 62% and 38%), with patients ~1.7 times more likely to be thrombocytopenic ( p 〈 0.01 ). Moreover, leukopenia was significantly higher in patients over controls (respectively, 71% and 29%), with positive subjects ~2.6 times more likely to be leukopenic. Our study results indicate that mild anemia associated with leukopenia may have diagnostic value for COVID-19. Careful assessment of hematological parameters, at baseline and throughout the disease path, will assist physicians in formulating personalized approaches to treatment and promptly offer intensive care to those in greater need.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2314-6141 , 2314-6133
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2022/4620037
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2698540-8
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