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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Two Distinct Groups Are Shown to Be at Risk of Diabetes by Means of a Cluster Analysis of Four Variables
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-01-19), p. 810-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-01-19), p. 810-
    Abstract: Recent attempts to classify adult-onset diabetes using only six diabetes-related variables (GAD antibody, age at diagnosis, BMI, HbA1c, and homeostatic model assessment 2 estimates of b-cell function and insulin resistance (HOMA2-B and HOMA2-IR)) showed that diabetes can be classified into five clusters, of which four correspond to type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Here, we classified nondiabetic individuals to identify risk clusters for incident T2DM to facilitate the refinement of prevention strategies. Of the 1167 participants in the population-based Iwaki Health Promotion Project in 2014 (baseline), 868 nondiabetic individuals who attended at least once during 2015–2019 were included in a prospective study. A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using four variables (BMI, HbA1c, and HOMA2 indices). Of the four clusters identified, cluster 1 (n = 103), labeled as “obese insulin resistant with sufficient compensatory insulin secretion”, and cluster 2 (n = 136), labeled as “low insulin secretion”, were found to be at risk of diabetes during the 5-year follow-up period: the multiple factor-adjusted HRs for clusters 1 and 2 were 14.7 and 53.1, respectively. Further, individuals in clusters 1and 2 could be accurately identified: the area under the ROC curves for clusters 1and 2 were 0.997 and 0.983, respectively. The risk of diabetes could be better assessed on the basis of the cluster that an individual belongs to.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030810
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
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    The Relationship between Serum Adiponectin, Urinary Albumin/Creatinine Ratio and Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2022-12-05), p. 7232-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2022-12-05), p. 7232-
    Abstract: The relationship between serum adiponectin concentration (S-Adipo) and various diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) is conflicting. We hypothesized that the extent of kidney damage in patients with T2D may be responsible for this inconsistency and, thus, examined association between S-Adipo and T2D after consideration for the extent of kidney damage present. Of the 1816 participants in the population-based Iwaki study of Japanese people, 1751 participants with a complete dataset were included. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that low S-Adipo was independently associated with T2D ( 〈 0.001), as was high urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (uACR) ( 〈 0.001). Principal components analysis showed that the relative value of S-Adipo to uACR (adiponectin relative excess) was significantly associated with T2D (odds ratio: 0.49, p 〈 0.001). Receiver operating curve analyses revealed that an index of adiponectin relative excess the ratio of S-Adipo to uACR was superior to S-Adipo per se as a marker of T2D (area under the curve: 0.746 vs. 0.579, p 〈 0.001). This finding indicates that the relationship between S-Adipo and T2D should be evaluated according to the extent of kidney damage present and may warrant similar analyses of the relationships between S-Adipo and other medicalconditions, such as cardiovascular disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237232
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
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    Correction: Tamura et al. Interrelations between Gut Microbiota Composition, Nutrient Intake and Diabetes Status in an Adult Japanese Population. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 3216
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-12-20), p. 3-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-12-20), p. 3-
    Abstract: There was an error in the original publication [...]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010003
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
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    Interrelations between Gut Microbiota Composition, Nutrient Intake and Diabetes Status in an Adult Japanese Population
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2022-06-05), p. 3216-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2022-06-05), p. 3216-
    Abstract: Upon food digestion, the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in energy metabolism, thus affecting the development of type 2 diabetes (DM). We aimed to examine the influence of the composition of selected nutrients consumed on the association between the gut microbiota and DM. This cross-sectional study of a general population was conducted on 1019 Japanese volunteers. Compared with non-diabetic subjects, diabetic subjects had larger proportions of the genera Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus but smaller proportions of the genera Roseburia and Blautia in their gut microbiotas. The genera Streptococcus and Roseburia were positively correlated with the amounts of energy (p = 0.027) and carbohydrate and fiber (p = 0.007 and p = 0.010, respectively) consumed, respectively. In contrast, the genera Bifidobacterium and Blautia were not correlated with any of the selected nutrients consumed. Cluster analyses of these four genera revealed that the Blautia-dominant cluster was most negatively associated with DM, whereas the Bifidobacterium-dominant cluster was positively associated with DM (vs. the Blautia-dominant cluster; odds ratio 3.97, 95% confidence interval 1.68–9.35). These results indicate the possible involvement of nutrient factors in the association between the gut microbiota and DM. Furthermore, independent of nutrient factors, having a Bifidobacterium-dominant gut microbiota may be a risk factor for DM compared to having a Blautia-dominant gut microbiota in a general Japanese population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113216
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
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    FIB-4 index is a marker for a subsequent decrease in insulin secretion in a non-diabetic Japanese population
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-09-25)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-09-25)
    Abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with a high risk of type 2 diabetes (DM), therefore, early diagnosis of NAFLD is important to prevent incident DM. FIB-4 index, a biomarker, often used to evaluate severity of NAFLD, may be useful to evaluate risk for incident DM in ordinary clinical setting. Here, we determined the association of FIB-4 index with changes in indices representing glucose metabolism with aging in a non-diabetic population. From among the participants of the population-based Iwaki study of Japanese people conducted during 2014–2017, 1,268 non-diabetic individuals with complete data sets (age: 51.4 ± 15.9 years; men/women: 485/773) were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. In addition, of the participants, 439 who attended consecutive appointments between 2014 and 2017 were enrolled in a longitudinal study that aimed to evaluate the changes in insulin secretion and resistance with aging (age: 53.1 ± 13.7 years; men/women: 178/261). The cross-sectional study showed significant correlations of FIB-4 index with homeostasis model of assessment (HOMA) indices, even after adjustment for multiple factors (HOMA-β: β =  − 0.254, p  〈  0.001; HOMA-R: β =  − 0.247, p  〈  0.001). The longitudinal study showed a significant association between FIB-4 index and the change in HOMA-β (p  〈  0.001) but not HOMA-R (p = 0.639) during the 3-year study period. Use of the optimal cut-off value of the FIB-4 index for the prediction of decreased insulin secretion (HOMA-β  〈  30), determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis (1.592), showed that individuals at risk had a hazard ratio of 2.22 (confidence interval 1.17−4.06) for decreased insulin secretion, after adjustment for confounders. FIB-4 index may represent a useful predictor of a subsequent decrease in insulin secretion, at least in a non-diabetic Japanese population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72894-8
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 6
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    1659-P: Nutrients Consumption Dependent Association of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Gene Polymorphism with Insulin Secretion
    American Diabetes Association ; 2020
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 69, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-06-01)
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 69, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-06-01)
    Abstract: Objective: Since type 2 diabetes (DM) is a life-style related disease, life-style should be considered, when association between genetic factors and DM are examined. However, most studies did not examine genetic associations with such consideration, as the case of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) gene. We examined the association in consideration with the interaction between the gene polymorphism and various nutrient factors. Research Design and Methods: Among participants of the population-based Iwaki study of Japanese held in 2014-2017, those with information of the genotype of GLP-1R polymorphism (db SNP ID: rs3765467: A/G)(p.Alg131Gln) as well as nutrients consumed (n=1817) were included. The following individuals were also excluded: 64 on medication for DM, and 52 with FBG levels below 63 mg/dl or over 140 mg/dl (to evaluate HOMA indices precisely). After these exclusions, 1,560 individuals (587 men, 973 women) aged 53.3± 16.1 years were included in the study. Results: Though not significant, insulin secretion indices assed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA- ß) in subjects with the GG genotype tended to be lower than in those with the AA+AG genotypes in most groups stratified into tertiles based on their daily nutrients consumptions (high, middle, and low groups). The stratification also showed that the genotype GG was a significant risk for a decreased insulin secretion (HOMA-ß ≤ 30) even after adjustment for multiple factors (age, BMI, drinking alcohol) only in the highest tertiles of energy, protein and carbohydrate consumption in men (odds ratios (95% CI) in high energy, protein and carbohydrate consumption groups: 3.95 (1.03-15.1), 15.83 (1.58-158.9), and 4.23 (1.10-11.2), respectively). Conclusions: The GLP-1R gene was associated with a decreased insulin secretion dependently of nutrients consumption, which indicates interaction between GLP-1R and nutrient factors on pathophysiology leading to DM. Disclosure Y. Nishiya: None. M. Daimon: None. H. Murakami: None. M. Murabayashi: None. S. Mizushiri: None. T. Fujita: None. Y. Matsuhashi: None.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/db20-1659-P
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 7
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    The Postprandial C-peptide–to–Glucose Ratio Correlated with Beta-Cell Function in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
    American Diabetes Association ; 2018
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 67, No. Supplement_1 ( 2018-07-01)
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 67, No. Supplement_1 ( 2018-07-01)
    Abstract: The onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) is based on the insulin resistance and decreasing of insulin secretion. Residual β-cell function is a key factor in achieving optimal glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Glucagon induces insulin secretion by direcdtly stimulating β-cells, therefore glucagon stimulaton test(GST) is a reliable marker for β-cell function. Fasting C-peptide(CPR)-index(CPR[ng/ml] to glucose[mg/dl] ratio x100; F-CPRI) is used as a marker of insulin secretion. We evaluated the efficacy of postprandial CPR to glucose ratio(P-CPRI) as a tool for evaluating β-cell function. Japanese T2DM patients with inadequte glycemic control(HbA1c & gt;7.0%) were enrolled in the study(n=333, insulin therapy =217). HbA1c, fasting CPR and glucose were measured, and F-CPRI was calculated. Postprandial(120 min after breakfast) CPR and glucose were measured, and P-CPRI was calculated. For the GST, CPR was determinated before and 6 min after 1mg of glucagon injection. GSTδCPR(CPR[6 min] - CPR[0 min] ) was calculated. Factors correlated with GSTδCPR were analyzed using simple and multiple stepwise regression analysis. P value & lt;0.was defined as statistically different. F-CPR-index, P-CPR-index and GSTδCPR were 1.42±0.85, 2.26±1.59 and 1.85±1.15, respectively. Simple regression analysis showed that GSTδCPR was significantly correlated with age, height, body weight(BW), BMI, gender, duration of diabetes, diebetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, insulin therapy, F-CPRI and P-CPRI. Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that independent factors contributing to GSTδCPR were BW(β=0.331, p & lt;0.001), P-CPRI(β=0.451, p & lt;0.001), duration of diabetes(β= -0.104, p=0.025), diabetic retinopathy(β= -0.127, p=0.004), DPP-4 inhibitor(β= -0.089, p=0.036) and biguanide(β= -0.144, p=0.001). Our date demonstrated that P-CPRI was valuable in assessing β-cell function and can help clinicians in clinical practice. Disclosure Y. Matsuhashi: None. S. Chikazawa: None. H. Nakayama: None. M. Murabayashi: None. S. Mizushiri: None. S. Osonoi: None. K. Takahashi: None. H. Otaka: None. M. Yanagimachi: None. H. Murakami: None. M. Daimon: None.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/db18-1831-P
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 8
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    1403-P: Glycemic Control Levels Are Not Major Determinants of Accumulation of AGE
    American Diabetes Association ; 2020
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 69, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-06-01)
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 69, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-06-01)
    Abstract: Objective: Chronic hyperglycemia increases glycation as well as oxidization, and, thus, facilitates production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), whose accumulation is involved in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications. Although association between AGE and insulin resistance has been reported thoroughly, association between AGE and insulin secretion has not been well examined, especially in relation with age. Research Design: Among participants of the population-based Iwaki study of Japanese held in 2014, those who attended the Iwaki study consecutively in 2014 and 2015 were enrolled in this study (n=518; model A), and we excluded fasting blood glucose levels & lt;63 and & gt;140 to calculate HOMA-β and IR (n=489; model B). We used skin autofluorescence as AGE, and also measured blood levels of Pentosidine and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Results: 1. AGE levels significantly increased from 1.93±0.52 to 1.97±0.44 (p=0.014) in the 1 year period. 2. Regression analysis showed correlations between ∆AGE (change in AGE in the 1 year period) and age, BUN, FPG and log10uACR in model A, and, age, log10uACR, and log10HOMA-ß in model B. However, these correlations became none-significant after adjustment for multiple factors mentioned above as well as factors representing glucose control levels such as HbA1c, except for age in models A and B, respectively. 3. Subjects were stratified into tertiles (mildly, moderately, rapidly progress) based on their ∆AGE, Logistic analysis revealed the aging is a significant risk for the accumulation of AGE (rapidly progress) (OR: 1.02. 95%CI: 1.01-1.03). ROC analysis showed the age of 60 as an optimal cut-off value for determining the risk subjects for the increase in AGE (OR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.20-2.51). Conclusions: The accumulation of AGEs may increase with increasing speed, which becomes rapid over the age of 60 independent of glycemic levels, uACR and HOMA-ß, indicating that not glycemic control levels but aging per se is a major contributor for AGE accumulation. Disclosure S. Mizushiri: None. M. Daimon: None. H. Murakami: None. A. Kamba: None. M. Murabayashi: None. Y. Nishiya: None.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/db20-1403-P
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 9
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    1412-P: Change in Insulin Secretion Along with Aging in a General Japanese Population
    American Diabetes Association ; 2020
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 69, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-06-01)
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 69, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-06-01)
    Abstract: Objective: Although increase in type 2 diabetes (DM) along with aging is well documented, change in insulin secretion along with aging and factors related to its change in general, nondiabetic, population has not been well examined so far. Therefore, we evaluated the relationships between insulin secretion and age, or aging, in a general population. Methods: 1. cross sectional study: Among participants of the population-based Iwaki study of Japanese people held in 2014-2017, those without diabetes were enrolled (gender (M/F): 536/882; age: 53.0±16.0) 2. longitudinal study: Among participants described above, those attended the study consecutively in 2014 and 2017 were enrolled (gender (M/F): 257/401; age: 53.7±14.1). Insulin secretion was evaluated using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-β). Results: 1: Univariate regression analyses revealed that the relationship between HOMA-β and age appeared to be non-linear but L-shaped, with an inflection point at about 55 and 50 years for men and women, respectively. Under the ages, HOMA-β are correlated with age (β= -0.32, p & lt;0.01, and β=-0.16, p & lt;0.01, for men and women, respectively), while above the age, such correlation was not observed (p=0.06 and 0.42, respectively).2: Analyses to evaluate factors associated with such decreases in HOMA-β in the 3-year duration showed no significant factor for men but HDL-c (β= -0.30, p & lt;0.01), FIB-4 index representing degree of fibrotic change of liver (β=0.25, p=0.01) and for women after adjustment for multiple factors such as BMI, serum lipid parameters, and, so on. Conclusions: Insulin secretion seems to decrease along with aging till middle age, but after the age, it dose not decrease or stays similar throughout in a general Japanese population, indicating that aging per se may not be a major determinant for impaired insulin secretion in a general, or physiological condition. Further, factors related to abnormal liver function can be markers to predict decrease in insulin secretion, at least, in women. Disclosure T. Fujita: None. M. Daimon: None. H. Murakami: None. Y. Nishiya: None. M. Murabayashi: None. S. Mizushiri: None. Y. Matsuhashi: None.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/db20-1412-P
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 10
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    Nutrient-Dependent Association of Cdk5 Regulatory Associated Protein 1-Like 1 Gene with Insulin Secretion
    American Diabetes Association ; 2018
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 67, No. Supplement_1 ( 2018-07-01)
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 67, No. Supplement_1 ( 2018-07-01)
    Abstract: Objective: Since type 2diabetes (DM) is a life-style related disease, life-style should be considered, when association between genetic factors and DM are examined. However, most studies did not examine genetic associations with such consideration, as the case of Cdk5 regulatory associated protein 1-like 1 (CDKAL1) gene, whose reduced activity in β-cell was shown to reduce insulin secretion. Only a study examined association of CDKAL1 polymorphism and glucose tolerance in consideration with a life-style related factor (energy intake) with significant interaction between them. We here examined the association in consideration with the interaction between the gene polymorphism and various nutrient factors including Zn and Mg. Research Design and Methods: Among participants of the population-based Iwaki study of Japanese held in 2014 to 2016, those with information of nutrient factors evaluated by a self-administered diet history questionnaire and CDKAL1 genotype (rs9465871: C/T) were included in the study (n=1656). Results: Mean HbA1c levels in subjects with the CC genotype were significantly higher than those with the TT genotype (5.87±0.66 vs. 5.77±0.53, p & lt;0.02). Stratification based on the amount of each nutrient intake showed association of the CC genotype with lower insulin secretion evaluated based on C-peptide (CPI) and higher prevalence of DM in the highest tertile alone of fat intake (CC vs. CT+TT: 1.15±0.36 vs. 1.27±0.55, p & lt;0.01, 17.4% vs. 9.9%, p=0.02, respectively), and with lower insulin secretion and higher HbA1c levels in the higher half alone of Zn and Mg intake. Conclusions: Association of CDKAL1 gene with DM seems to be dependent of nutrient intake such as fat, Mg, and Zn, which indicates interaction between CDKAL1 and nutrient factors on pathophysiology leading to DM. Disclosure S. Mizushiri: None. M. Daimon: None. H. Murakami: None. A. Kamba: None. H. Otaka: None. M. Murabayashi: None.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/db18-1605-P
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2018
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