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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The electrolyte abnormalities and duration of hospitalisation in children with gastroenteritis
    Medip Academy ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2022-11-24), p. 1168-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, Medip Academy, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2022-11-24), p. 1168-
    Abstract: Background: Diarrhoea remains one of the major causes of death among infants significantly in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The major contributing factors for higher incidence and mortality rates are improper sanitation, unsafe drinking water, physiological conditions like malnutrition, weak immune system.Rotavirus is the major causative agent of diarrhoea in young children in developed and undeveloped countries. Electrolyte abnormalities is the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in younger children with acute gastroenteritis and increased mortality is seen in malnourished children. The common abnormalities associated with acute gastroenteritis are hyponatremia and hypokalaemia. The average duration of hospital stay is 2.5 days.Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which studied 173 patients of acute gastroenteritis which have been admitted to the CMC, Tehran in 1 year. (June 2021-May2022).Results: In this study 173 patients were studied. 101 patients (58.4%) were infants, 55 patients (31.8%) were preschool children and 17 patients (9.8%) were older children. 70 patients (40.5%) were females and 103 patients (59.5%) were males. The most common electrolyte abnormality that was encountered in this study is hyponatremia (51.4%) 〉 hypokalaemia (11.6%) 〉 hypernatremia (6.9%) 〉 hyperkalaemia (1.2%).Conclusions: The order of electrolyte abnormalities seen: Hyponatremia (51.4%), hypokalaemia (11.6%), hypernatremia (6.9%), hyperkalaemia (1.2%). Duration of hospitalisation is 1 day for majority of the patients and is high for patients with hyponatremia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2349-3291 , 2349-3283
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20223063
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clinical profile of mumps in children in a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir
    Medip Academy ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-02-23), p. 290-294
    Details
    In: International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, Medip Academy, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-02-23), p. 290-294
    Abstract: Background Mumps is one of the oldest human illnesses known to humans. Mumps is caused by a paramyxovirus, which is a single-strand RNA virus. Mumps is characterized by painful, unilateral, or bilateral swelling of the salivary glands, in particular, the parotid glands. Methods: This is a hospital-based prospective observational study. All children of age ≤18 years, both males and females with acute onset of unilateral or bilateral tender, self-limited swelling of the parotid or other salivary gland without other apparent cause. Results: Of the 150 clinically diagnosed mumps cases, 87 (58%) were male and 63 (42%) were female (male-to-female ratio of 1.4:1). There was no case below 1 year but there were 40 cases between 1 and 5 years. The 40% belonged to the lower middle class of socioeconomic status as per Kuppuswamy’s scale, followed by the upper-middle and lower-middle class. Only 15 patients (10%) were completely immunized whereas the immunization status of 8% patients was not known, and the rest of the patients were non immunized (82%). Fever was the most common presentation (150 patients;100%), followed by parotid involvement. Parotitis was present in 146 (97.3%) cases at some point during the illness, 36 patients (24%) had unilateral and 110 patients (73.3%) had bilateral involvement. 16% of patients had multiple salivary gland involvement. Mean duration of illness was 9.0±2 days. Conclusions: Mumps is a significant public health problem to warrant investment in prevention through vaccination.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2349-3291 , 2349-3283
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20230421
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Etiology of severe anemia in Kashmiri children aged 6 months to 6 years
    Medip Academy ; 2023
    In:  International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-02-28), p. 1166-1171
    Details
    In: International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, Medip Academy, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-02-28), p. 1166-1171
    Abstract: Background: Anemia is said to be present when the hemoglobin level is more than two standard deviations below the mean for the child’s age and sex. Anemia is the most common global nutritional disorder and may lead to psychomotor retardation, low intelligence, decreased learning capability, weakening of immune system and predisposes to serious infections in children. Methods: The study was an observational study. Physical signs of severe anemia were looked in patients attending outpatient department or admitted in hospital. Children with hemoglobin levels 〈 7 gm/dl and in the age group 6 months to 6 years were recruited in study. Results: The study included 192 patients with a male, female ratio of around 1:1. The mean age of the study subjects was 2.2±1.6 years. Most of the patients around 54% belonged to age group of 6 months to 1½ years. Fever was most common presentation in 86 cases (44.77%), followed by diarrhea and easy fatigability in 38 (19.79%) and 21 (10.93%) patients respectively. A total of 76.56% of patients were having nutritional and 23.44% non-nutritional causes. Iron deficiency anemia is most common etiology 115 (59.90%) with 14 patients having celiac disease, 19 cases (9.90%) were diagnosed as megaloblastic anemia, 13 cases (6.77%) were diagnosed as dual deficiency anemia, 30 cases (15.63%) were diagnosed as hemolytic anemia. Conclusions: Nutritional anemia is major cause of anemia in children. Celiac disease, trichuriasis, cow milk protein allergy should be ruled out in iron deficiency anemia patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-6040 , 2394-6032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20230634
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pulmonary hypertension and the common organisms present in the sputum culture in children with cystic fibrosis
    Medip Academy ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2023-04-27), p. 716-720
    Details
    In: International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, Medip Academy, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2023-04-27), p. 716-720
    Abstract: Background: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic defect that affects multiple organs in the body. These patients present with progressive obstructive lung disease, sinusitis, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and male infertility. The respiratory tract of these patients is more vulnerable for bacterial colonization, most commonly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Hemophilus influenza and Staphylococcus aureus. There is a possibility of pulmonary hypertension development in these patients due to alveolar hypoxia alongside chronic systemic inflammatory response causing endothelial dysfunction. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which studied 109 cystic fibrosis patients admitted to CMC, Tehran in 2 years. Results: In this study 109 patients were studied. 35 patients (32.1%) were 〈 1 year of age, 11 patients (10.1%) were 1-5 years of age, 26 patients (23.9%) were 5-10 years of age and 37 patients (33.9%) were 〉 10 years of age. 61 patients (56%) were females and 48 patients (44%) were males. The most common organisms encountered in sputum culture were Staphylococcus aureus (23.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.3%) and Candida albicans (11.9%). Pulmonary arterial hypertension was present in 24.7% of the target population, out of which 22.9% were having mildly elevated PAH and 1.8% had severely high PAH. Conclusions: The most common organism seen is S. aureus followed by P. aeruginosa. A significant number of patients presented with mildly elevated PAH and some with severely high PAH.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2349-3291 , 2349-3283
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20231149
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Non-nutritional causes of severe anemia in Kashmiri children
    Medip Academy ; 2023
    In:  International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-02-28), p. 1256-1260
    Details
    In: International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, Medip Academy, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-02-28), p. 1256-1260
    Abstract: Background: Anemia is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in children. The etiology of anemia is multifactorial including nutritional anemia, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, storage disorders, hematological malignancies, anemia secondary to some chronic diseases. Methods: The study is an observational study. Physical signs of severe anemia were looked in patients attending outpatient department or admitted in hospital. Children with hemoglobin levels 〈 7 g/dl and in the age group 6 months to 6 years were recruited in study. The aim is to look for non-nutritional etiology of severe anemia in children in Kashmir. Results: Out of 192 children, 97 (50.52%) females and 95 (49.48%) males, with a male, female ratio of around 1:1. A total of 147 (76.56%) children in our study were having nutritional and 45 (23.44%) were having non nutritional causes. Among non-nutritional anemia 30 cases were hemolytic anemia, 11 hypoplastic anemia, 3 leukemia and 1 patient were diagnosed as Osteopetrosis. Conclusions: Though nutritional deficiency anemias are predominant; it may not always be the case. Hemolytic anemia and leukemias should be ruled out while evaluating a patient of severe anemia and pancytopenia. Bone marrow failure syndrome, storage disorders should be ruled out in patients with skeletal anomalies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-6040 , 2394-6032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20230649
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Incidence of nasal trauma in nasal continuous positive airway pressure versus heated humidified high flow nasal cannula in neonates, our experience in Government Medical College Srinagar
    Medip Academy ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-02-23), p. 353-356
    Details
    In: International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, Medip Academy, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-02-23), p. 353-356
    Abstract: Background: The nCPAP (nasal continuous positive airway pressure) is noninvasive mode of ventilation that decreases the need for mechanical ventilation in neonates. The newer device heated humidified high flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) delivers heated (to body temperature, 37 °C) and humidified (near 100% relative humidity) gas at flow rates of more than 1 liter/min through small bi-nasal prongs, that is more physiological. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in neonatal intensive care unit. The eligible neonates who were put on HHHFNC or nCPAP depending upon the availability of any of these devices at the time of admission. The details regarding complications were recorded from the admission files of these patients from medical record section of the hospital. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in complications like shock, NEC, pulmonary air leak, apnea, PDA, ROP, IVH or PVL for nCPAP or HHHFNC. However, nasal trauma was present in 18 (18%) patients in nCPAP group but in no patient in HHHFNC. Conclusions: There is no significant differences in complication in nCPAP vs HHHFNC except nasal trauma which is more common in nCPAP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2349-3291 , 2349-3283
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20230434
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Diagnostic Dilemma of Traumatic Lumbar Puncture: Current Standing of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leukocyte Corrections and Our Experience With Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Child Neurology Vol. 33, No. 7 ( 2018-06), p. 441-448
    Details
    In: Journal of Child Neurology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 33, No. 7 ( 2018-06), p. 441-448
    Abstract: To assess the diagnostic efficiency of cerebrospinal fluid markers of procalcitonin, lactate, and cerebrospinal fluid/serum lactate ratio for detecting bacterial meningitis during traumatic lumbar puncture, and to compare these markers with routinely used uncorrected and corrected leukocyte measurements. Methods: Infants aged ≤90 days with traumatic lumbar puncture were prospectively studied. The diagnostic characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid assays of uncorrected and corrected leukocyte count, procalcitonin, lactate, and lactate ratio were described and compared. Results: Considering the area under the curve (95% CI) analysis and standard cutoff values, the lactate-ratio (0.985 [0.964-0.989] at cutoff 1.2) had the best test indexes for identifying meningitis, followed by lactate (0.964 [0.945-0.984] at cutoff 2.2 mmol/L) and procalcitonin (0.939 [0.891-0.986] at cutoff 0.33 ng/mL) measurement, whereas the corrected total leukocyte count assay (0.906 [0.850-0.962] at cutoff 350 cells/mm 3 ) had diagnostic properties moderately superior to uncorrected total leukocyte count measurement (0.870 [0.798-0.943] at cutoff 430 cells/mm 3 ). Conclusion: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of procalcitonin, lactate, and lactate-ratio are reliable markers to diagnose bacterial meningitis in blood-contaminated cerebrospinal fluid.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0883-0738 , 1708-8283
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0883073818761719
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2068710-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clinical course, complications, immunization status and outcome of mumps in children
    Medip Academy ; 2023
    In:  International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-02-28), p. 1076-1080
    Details
    In: International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, Medip Academy, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-02-28), p. 1076-1080
    Abstract: Background: Mumps is a self-limiting viral disease in children which usually resolve within 10 days. It is characterized by fever, constitutional symptoms and swelling of the parotid gland(s) and may lead to serious complications. The most common complication is orchitis, followed by meningitis. Less common complications include pancreatitis, encephalitis, deafness, mastitis, oophoritis, and facial Bell palsy. Methods: This is a hospital-based Prospective observational study where children age ≤18 years who presented with mumps were studied for immunization status, clinical course, complications and outcome. Results: Fever was the most common presentation followed by parotid involvement. The mean duration of illness was 9±2 days. Constitutional symptoms like headache, myalgia or fatigue were seen in 90 patients (60%). The most common complication seen was orchitis and tonsilitis, 4 cases (2.7%) each followed by pancreatitis (2%), febrile seizures (2%) and meningitis (2%). The least common was myocarditis (0.7%). Only 10 (6.7%) of the patients were hospitalized and none died. All the patients were cured within 2 weeks and without any sequels.  The average loss of school days (school absentee) were 8 days. These complications were seen only in non- immunized patients. Conclusions: The benefits of vaccination against mumps in addition to rubella and measles would be a logical public health intervention that would have a significant clinical and economic benefits and to prevent complications of mumps.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-6040 , 2394-6032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20230619
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Psycho-social and psychiatric co-morbidity among children with poisoning
    Medip Academy ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2022-10-27), p. 1077-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, Medip Academy, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2022-10-27), p. 1077-
    Abstract: Background: The poisoning in children results from exposures to toxic agents that may lead to harmful effects based on the reaction of the body to these agents. Poisoning can be accidental or suicidal in intent.  To assess any psycho-social factor that leads to poisoning and to determine any underlying psychiatric co-morbidity among children with acute poisoning.Methods: A hospital-based prospective observational study conducted in postgraduate department of pediatrics, G. B. Pant children’s hospital an associated hospital of government medical college Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India. This study was conducted over 2 years with effect from November 2019 to November 2021. Psychiatric co-morbidity was determined by using the MINI- KID scale. Results: In our study, 572 cases with poisoning were studied over two years; the mean age of childhood poisoning was 3.8 years. The majority of the poisoning cases were accidental, with male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Most of the cases were seen in lower-middle-class families (65.7%). Organophosphorus was the most common agent involved. Oral ingestion was the predominant route of poisoning. A total of 46 subjects had a psychiatric diagnosis as assessed by MINI-KID. Among which, 34.7% of the subjects had the diagnosis of panic disorder, followed by depressive episodes (MDD) amounting to 26%, and ADHD in 13%. A total of 53 were having underlying psychosocial factors. Adolescent self-poisoning is commonly associated with underlying psychiatric illness.Conclusions: The underlying psychosocial and psychiatric disorders need proper identification and management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2349-3291 , 2349-3283
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20222770
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2022
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