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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Properties of SiC and Si3N4 Thin Films Containing Self-Assembled Gold Nanoparticles
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Crystals Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-09-26), p. 1361-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-09-26), p. 1361-
    Abstract: The properties of semiconductor materials can be strongly affected by the addition of metallic nanoparticles. Here we investigate the properties of SiC + Au and Si3N4 + Au thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering deposition followed by thermal annealing. The influence of gold addition on the optical and electrical properties is explored. We show the formation of self-assembled Au nanoparticles in SiC and Si3N4, with the size and arrangement properties determined by the deposition and annealing conditions. Both SiC- and Si3N4-based films show an increase in the overall absorption with increasing Au content, and its decrease with increasing annealing temperature. All films show the presence of surface plasmon resonance, whose peaks shift toward larger wavelengths with increasing Au nanoparticle size. The resistivity significantly drops with the Au content increase for both types of matrices, although the resistivity of Si3N4-based films is much higher. The incorporated quantity of Au in the host matrix was chosen in such a way to demonstrate that a huge range of optical and electrical characteristics is achievable. The materials are very interesting for application in opto-electronic devices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst12101361
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Probiotics for the Prevention of Acute Respiratory-Tract Infections in Older People: Systematic Review
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Healthcare Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2021-06-07), p. 690-
    Details
    In: Healthcare, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2021-06-07), p. 690-
    Abstract: The aim of this systematic review was to present the indirect influence of probiotics on the incidence and duration of acute upper respiratory-tract infections in older people, by regulating the immune system. Eight randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials met the inclusion criteria, considering the threshold of older people being 60 years and over. Single strain probiotics were used in all studies, including three probiotic strains used in fermented foods: Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 and Lacticaseibacillusparacasei Shirota, and three probiotic strains used as food supplements: Loigolactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT5711, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG. Current evidence showed that certain probiotic strains were better than a placebo in lowering the incidence or number of older people experiencing acute upper respiratory tract infections; however, not all probiotic strains were efficient, and not all studies reported statistically significant outcomes. More high quality large-scale properly controlled clinical studies focusing on older people are warranted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9060690
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2721009-1
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    The Multi-Strain Probiotic OMNi-BiOTiC® Active Reduces the Duration of Acute Upper Respiratory Disease in Older People: A Double-Blind, Randomised, Controlled Clinical Trial
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2023-07-05), p. 1760-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2023-07-05), p. 1760-
    Abstract: Immunosenescence is the adverse change in the human immune function during aging, leaving older people more prone to an increased risk of infections and morbidity. Acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are very common among older people, often resulting in continued morbidity and mortality. Therefore, approaches, such as consuming probiotics, that shorten the duration or even reduce the incidence of URTIs in older people are being studied. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a multi-strain probiotic OMNi-BiOTiC® Active, which contains 11 live probiotic strains, on the incidence, duration, and severity of URTIs in older people. In this randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study, 95 participants, with an average age of 70.9 years in the probiotic group and 69.6 years in the placebo group, were randomly allocated to two groups: 1010 cfu per day of the multi-strain probiotic intervention OMNi-BiOTiC® Active (49) or placebo (46). The incidence of URTIs in older people after 12 weeks supplementation with OMNi-BiOTiC® showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.5244). However, the duration of the URTI infections was statistically significantly different between the groups (p = 0.011). The participants that consumed the probiotic had an average duration of illness of 3.1 ± 1.6 days, whilst participants that received the placebo had symptoms for an average of 6.0 ± 3.8 days (p = 0.011). Statistically significant differences in lymphocyte counts in both groups after supplementation (p = 0.035 for the probiotic group and p = 0.029 for the placebo group) and between both groups were found (p = 0.009). Statistically significant differences in eosinophil (p = 0.002) and basophil counts (p = 0.001) in the probiotic groups before and after supplementation with probiotics were also found. Supplementation with the multi-strain probiotic OMNi-BiOTiC® Active may benefit older people with URTIs. Larger randomised controlled clinical trials are warranted. Clinical Trial Registration; identifier NCT05879393.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071760
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    3D Networks of Ge Quantum Wires in Amorphous Alumina Matrix
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2020-07-13), p. 1363-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2020-07-13), p. 1363-
    Abstract: Recently demonstrated 3D networks of Ge quantum wires in an alumina matrix, produced by a simple magnetron sputtering deposition enables the realization of nanodevices with tailored conductivity and opto-electrical properties. Their growth and ordering mechanisms as well as possibilities in the design of their structure have not been explored yet. Here, we investigate a broad range of deposition conditions leading to the formation of such quantum wire networks. The resulting structures show an extraordinary tenability of the networks’ geometrical properties. These properties are easily controllable by deposition temperature and Ge concentration. The network’s geometry is shown to retain the same basic structure, adjusting its parameters according to Ge concentration in the material. In addition, the networks’ growth and ordering mechanisms are explained. Furthermore, optical measurements demonstrate that the presented networks show strong confinement effects controllable by their geometrical parameters. Interestingly, energy shift is the largest for the longest quantum wires, and quantum wire length is the main parameter for control of confinement. Presented results demonstrate a method to produce unique materials with designable properties by a simple self-assembled growth method and reveal a self-assembling growth mechanism of novel 3D ordered Ge nanostructures with highly designable optical properties.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano10071363
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficacy of Direct or Indirect Use of Probiotics for the Improvement of Maternal Depression during Pregnancy and in the Postnatal Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Healthcare Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2022-05-24), p. 970-
    Details
    In: Healthcare, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2022-05-24), p. 970-
    Abstract: The mother and infant form a unique bond, with maternal mental health affecting the interactions with the infant and infant behaviours impacting maternal mental health. One of the possible mechanisms influencing maternal mental health is the manipulation of the gut-brain axis by consuming probiotic supplements. Probiotics can also have an indirect influence on maternal mental health via the modulation of the infant microbiome and consequently improving the infant’s health and thus, indirectly leading to an improvement in maternal mood. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of probiotics on maternal mental health by searching for randomised controlled trials via international databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science until January 2022. A meta-analysis was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration methodology where possible. We found seven clinical trials that included the word probiotics and addressed maternal depression and/or anxiety. Of these, five trials investigated the influence of maternal probiotic supplementation on the gut-brain axis. Two trials investigated the indirect influence of probiotics on maternal depression via supplementation of probiotics by infants and subsequent influence on the crying of colicky infants. Meta-analysis of two studies of pregnant and postnatal women and two studies of infants consuming probiotics on the outcome of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for mothers showed no statistical difference. The findings indicate that maternal depression is very complex and is influenced by various bidirectional factors. One of the factors that can improve maternal mental health is probiotics, however, careful consideration must be given to correct strain selection as strain-specific effectiveness was observed. Further well-designed, robust clinical studies are warranted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10060970
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2721009-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Horizontal vs Vertical Evolution of the Compositional and Morphological Profiles in Nanostructured Titania Thin-Films for Photocatalytic Application
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  SSRN Electronic Journal
    Details
    In: SSRN Electronic Journal, Elsevier BV
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-5068
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4193467
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lateral and Vertical Evolution of the Compositional and Morphological Profiles in Nanostructured Photocatalytic Titania Thin-Films
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  SSRN Electronic Journal
    Details
    In: SSRN Electronic Journal, Elsevier BV
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-5068
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4226650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    History of infant milk formula in Slovenia
    Slovenian Medical Association ; 2018
    In:  Slovenian Medical Journal Vol. 87, No. 9-10 ( 2018-10-28), p. 461-472
    Details
    In: Slovenian Medical Journal, Slovenian Medical Association, Vol. 87, No. 9-10 ( 2018-10-28), p. 461-472
    Abstract:   Abstract   Optimal nutrition is one of the most important aspects in the care of infants, especially for the preterm infants and neonates. Until the 1900s, an infant’s survival and health were closly related to the availability of breastmilk.  Human milk was and still is the best food for nearly all infants. Besides physical growth, human milk offers a variety of other benefits, including modulation of postnatal intestinal function, maturation of immune system, and has positive effect on brain development. Even though breastfeeding is highly recommended, it may not always be possible, suitable or adequate. Through history, the evolution of infant feeding included wet nursing, bottle feeding, and formula use. Wet nursing was the safest and most common alternative to the breastmilk before bottles and infant milk formula were invented. However, society's negative view of wet nursing together with the invention and improvements of the feeding bottle, the availability of animal’s milk, and advances in milk formula development, gradually led to replacing wet nursing with bottle feeding. Such evolution of infant feeding methods was similar throughout the world and Slovenia followed the trend. In this article, we review the history of different methods of infant feeding, other than breastfeeding, all of which presented an alternative to breastfeeding. 
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1581-0224 , 1318-0347
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.6016/ZdravVestn.2668
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Slovenian Medical Association
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2502309-3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Deposition of Thin Alumina Films Containing 3D Ordered Network of Nanopores on Porous Substrates
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Materials Vol. 13, No. 13 ( 2020-06-27), p. 2883-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 13 ( 2020-06-27), p. 2883-
    Abstract: Self-supporting thin films containing nanopores are very promising materials for use for multiple applications, especially in nanofiltration. Here, we present a method for the production of nanomembranes containing a 3D ordered network of nanopores in an alumina matrix, with a diameter of about 1 nm and a body centered tetragonal structure of the network nodes. The material is produced by the magnetron sputtering deposition of a 3D ordered network of Ge nanowires in an alumina matrix, followed by a specific annealing process resulting in the evaporation of Ge. We demonstrate that the films can be easily grown on commercially available alumina substrates containing larger pores with diameters between 20 and 400 nm. We have determined the minimal film thickness needed to entirely cover the larger pores. We believe that these films have the potential for applications in the fields of filtration, separation and sensing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma13132883
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ge/Al and Ge/Si3N4/Al Core/Shell Quantum Dot Lattices in Alumina: Boosting the Spectral Response by Tensile Strain
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2022-09-07), p. 6211-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2022-09-07), p. 6211-
    Abstract: We investigated the production conditions and optoelectrical properties of thin film material consisting of regularly ordered core/shell Ge/Al and Ge/Si3N4/Al quantum dots (QDs) in an alumina matrix. The materials were produced by self–assembled growth achieved by means of multilayer magnetron sputtering deposition. We demonstrated the successful fabrication of well-ordered 3D lattices of Ge/Al and Ge/Si3N4/Al core/shell quantum dots with a body-centred tetragonal arrangement within the Al2O3 matrix. The addition of shells to the Ge core enables a strong tuning of the optical and electrical properties of the material. An Al shell induces a bandgap shift toward smaller energies, and, in addition, it prevents Ge oxidation. The addition of a thin Si3N4 shell induces huge changes in the material spectral response, i.e., in the number of extracted excitons produced by a single photon. It increases both the absolute value and the width of the spectral response. For the best sample, we achieved an enhancement of over 250% of the produced number of excitons in the measured energy range. The observed changes are, as it seems, the consequence of the large tensile strain in Ge QDs which is induced by the Si3N4 shell addition and which is measured to be about 3% for the most strained QDs. The tensile strain causes activation of the direct bandgap of germanium, which has a very strong effect on the spectral response of the material.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15186211
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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