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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Increasing mass loss from Greenland's Mittivakkat Gletscher
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2011
    In:  The Cryosphere Vol. 5, No. 2 ( 2011-04-14), p. 341-348
    Details
    In: The Cryosphere, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 5, No. 2 ( 2011-04-14), p. 341-348
    Kurzfassung: Abstract. Warming in the Arctic during the past several decades has caused glaciers to thin and retreat, and recent mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet is well documented. Local glaciers peripheral to the ice sheet are also retreating, but few mass-balance observations are available to quantify that retreat and determine the extent to which these glaciers are out of equilibrium with present-day climate. Here, we document record mass loss in 2009/10 for the Mittivakkat Gletscher (henceforth MG), the only local glacier in Greenland for which there exist long-term observations of both the surface mass balance and glacier front fluctuations. We attribute this mass loss primarily to record high mean summer (June–August) temperatures in combination with lower-than-average winter precipitation. Also, we use the 15-yr mass-balance record to estimate present-day and equilibrium accumulation-area ratios for the MG. We show that the glacier is significantly out of balance and will likely lose at least 70% of its current area and 80% of its volume even in the absence of further climate changes. Temperature records from coastal stations in Southeast Greenland suggest that recent MG mass losses are not merely a local phenomenon, but are indicative of glacier changes in the broader region. Mass-balance observations for the MG therefore provide unique documentation of the general retreat of Southeast Greenland's local glaciers under ongoing climate warming.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1994-0424
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/tc-5-341-2011
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Copernicus GmbH
    Publikationsdatum: 2011
    ZDB Id: 2393169-3
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
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    Freshwater flux to Sermilik Fjord, SE Greenland
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2010
    In:  The Cryosphere Vol. 4, No. 4 ( 2010-10-26), p. 453-465
    Details
    In: The Cryosphere, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 4, No. 4 ( 2010-10-26), p. 453-465
    Kurzfassung: Abstract. Terrestrial inputs of freshwater flux to Sermilik Fjord, SE Greenland, were estimated, indicating ice discharge to be the dominant source of freshwater. A freshwater flux of 40.4 ± 4.9×109 m3 y−1 was found (1999–2008), with an 85% contribution originated from ice discharge (65% alone from Helheim Glacier), 11% from terrestrial surface runoff (from melt water and rain), 3% from precipitation at the fjord surface area, and 1% from subglacial geothermal and frictional melting due to basal ice motion. The results demonstrate the dominance of ice discharge as a primary mechanism for delivering freshwater to Sermilik Fjord. Time series of ice discharge for Helheim Glacier, Midgård Glacier, and Fenris Glacier were calculated from satellite-derived average surface velocity, glacier width, and estimated ice thickness, and fluctuations in terrestrial surface freshwater runoff were simulated based on observed meteorological data. These simulations were compared and bias corrected against independent glacier catchment runoff observations. Modeled runoff to Sermilik Fjord was variable, ranging from 2.9 ± 0.4×109 m3 y−1 in 1999 to 5.9 ± 0.9×109 m3 y−1 in 2005. The sub-catchment runoff of the Helheim Glacier region accounted for 25% of the total runoff to Sermilik Fjord. The runoff distribution from the different sub-catchments suggested a strong influence from the spatial variation in glacier coverage, indicating high runoff volumes, where glacier cover was present at low elevations.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1994-0424
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/tc-4-453-2010
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Copernicus GmbH
    Publikationsdatum: 2010
    ZDB Id: 2393169-3
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
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    Global glacier changes: a revised assessment of committed mass losses and sampling uncertainties
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2013
    In:  The Cryosphere Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2013-10-02), p. 1565-1577
    Details
    In: The Cryosphere, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2013-10-02), p. 1565-1577
    Kurzfassung: Abstract. Most glaciers and ice caps (GIC) are out of balance with the current climate. To return to equilibrium, GIC must thin and retreat, losing additional mass and raising sea level. Because glacier observations are sparse and geographically biased, there is an undersampling problem common to all global assessments. Here, we further develop an assessment approach based on accumulation-area ratios (AAR) to estimate committed mass losses and analyze the undersampling problem. We compiled all available AAR observations for 144 GIC from 1971 to 2010, and found that most glaciers and ice caps are farther from balance than previously believed. Accounting for regional and global undersampling errors, our model suggests that GIC are committed to additional losses of 32 ± 12% of their area and 38 ± 16% of their volume if the future climate resembles the climate of the past decade. These losses imply global mean sea-level rise of 163 ± 69 mm, assuming total glacier volume of 430 mm sea-level equivalent. To reduce the large uncertainties in these projections, more long-term glacier measurements are needed in poorly sampled regions.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1994-0424
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/tc-7-1565-2013
    DOI: 10.5194/tc-7-1565-2013-supplement
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Copernicus GmbH
    Publikationsdatum: 2013
    ZDB Id: 2393169-3
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    Climate, glacier mass balance and runoff (1993–2005) for the Mittivakkat Glacier catchment, Ammassalik Island, SE Greenland, and in a long term perspective (1898–1993)
    IWA Publishing ; 2008
    In:  Hydrology Research Vol. 39, No. 4 ( 2008-08-01), p. 239-256
    Details
    In: Hydrology Research, IWA Publishing, Vol. 39, No. 4 ( 2008-08-01), p. 239-256
    Kurzfassung: Climate, glacier mass balance and runoff are investigated in the Low-Arctic Mittivakkat Glacier catchment on Ammassalik Island, Southeast Greenland. High-resolution meteorological data from the catchment covering 1993–2005 and standard synoptic meteorological data from the nearby town of Tasiilaq (Ammassalik) from 1898–2005 are used. Within the catchment, gradients and variations are observed in meteorological conditions between the coastal and the glacier areas. During the period 1993–2005 about 15% lower annual solar radiation was observed in the coastal area. Further, decreasing mean annual air temperatures (MAAT) occur in the coastal area, indicating an approximately 20-d shorter thawing period. The higher lying glacier area, in contrast, experiences an increasing MAAT, an approximately 40-d longer thawing period and a 60-d longer snow-free period. The Mittivakkat Glacier net mass balance has been almost continuously negative, corresponding to an average loss of glacier volume of 0.4% yr−1. The total catchment runoff is averaging 1973±281 mm w.eq. yr−1, and around 30% of the runoff is explained by glacier net loss. Over the 106 years (1898–2004) MAAT has, on average, increased significantly in the catchment by 1.3°C. However, time periods of considerable variability occur. All seasons show increasing air temperatures, with the highest increase during winter season. The period 1995–2004 was the warmest 10-yr period within the last 60 yr, and 1936–1946 the warmest within the last 106 years. The calculated glacier net mass balance indicates an average glacier loss of 550±530 mm w.eq. yr−1, and 89 out of 105 mass balance years show a negative net mass balance. For the 106-yr period average runoff was estimated to be 1957±254 mm w.eq. yr−1.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0029-1277 , 2224-7955
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2166/nh.2008.101
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: IWA Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2008
    ZDB Id: 2411122-3
    ZDB Id: 2142091-9
    SSG: 21,3
    SSG: 14
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
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    Fate of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Strong decline under continued warming and Greenland melting
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2016
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 43, No. 23 ( 2016-12-16)
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 43, No. 23 ( 2016-12-16)
    Kurzfassung: This is the first model intercomparison concerning climate change including Greenland melt and a probabilistic uncertainty assessment Impact of Greenland melt on future overturning circulation is small but nonnegligible especially for high‐end global warming scenarios Likelihood of a full overturning collapse remains exceptionally small if global warming is limited to less than 5 K
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/grl.v43.23
    DOI: 10.1002/2016GL070457
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016
    ZDB Id: 2021599-X
    ZDB Id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
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    Arctic terrestrial hydrology: A synthesis of processes, regional effects, and research challenges
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences Vol. 121, No. 3 ( 2016-03), p. 621-649
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 121, No. 3 ( 2016-03), p. 621-649
    Kurzfassung: We review processes across hydrophysiographic regions of the terrestrial Arctic freshwater system Arctic hydrologic change affects atmosphere, ecology, resources, and oceans Interfaces between hydrology and other Earth system components are critical
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2169-8953 , 2169-8961
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrg.v121.3
    DOI: 10.1002/2015JG003131
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publikationsdatum: 2016
    ZDB Id: 3094167-2
    ZDB Id: 2220777-6
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 7
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    The impact of resolution on the representation of southeast Greenland barrier winds and katabatic flows
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2015
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 42, No. 8 ( 2015-04-28), p. 3011-3018
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 42, No. 8 ( 2015-04-28), p. 3011-3018
    Kurzfassung: Greenland flow distortion plays an important role in the climate system The resulting weather systems have hitherto unrecognized mesoscale structure This mesoscale structure may impact coupled‐climate processes in the region
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0094-8276 , 1944-8007
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/grl.v42.8
    DOI: 10.1002/2015GL063550
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publikationsdatum: 2015
    ZDB Id: 2021599-X
    ZDB Id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 8
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    Climatic control on glacier mass balance and runoff, Mittivakkat Glacier catchment, Ammassalik Island, SE Greenland
    IOP Publishing ; 2009
    In:  IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2009-01-01), p. 012024-
    Details
    In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2009-01-01), p. 012024-
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1755-1315
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1755-1307/6/1/012024
    Sprache: Unbekannt
    Verlag: IOP Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2009
    ZDB Id: 2434538-6
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  • 9
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    Strong Downslope Wind Events in Ammassalik, Southeast Greenland
    American Meteorological Society ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 27, No. 3 ( 2014-02-01), p. 977-993
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 27, No. 3 ( 2014-02-01), p. 977-993
    Kurzfassung: Ammassalik in southeast Greenland is known for strong wind events that can reach hurricane intensity and cause severe destruction in the local town. Yet, these winds and their impact on the nearby fjord and shelf region have not been studied in detail. Here, data from two meteorological stations and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) are used to identify and characterize these strong downslope wind events, which are especially pronounced at a major east Greenland fjord, Sermilik Fjord, within Ammassalik. Their local and regional characteristics, their dynamics and their impacts on the regional sea ice cover, and air–sea fluxes are described. Based on a composite of the events it is concluded that wind events last for approximately a day, and seven to eight events occur each winter. Downslope wind events are associated with a deep synoptic-scale cyclone between Iceland and Greenland. During the events, cold dry air is advected down the ice sheet. The downslope flow is accelerated by gravitational acceleration, flow convergence inside the Ammassalik valley, and near the coast by an additional thermal and synoptic-scale pressure gradient acceleration. Wind events are associated with a large buoyancy loss over the Irminger Sea, and it is estimated that they drive one-fifth of the net wintertime loss. Also, the extreme winds drive sea ice out of the fjord and away from the shelf.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00067.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Meteorological Society
    Publikationsdatum: 2014
    ZDB Id: 246750-1
    ZDB Id: 2021723-7
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  • 10
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    A predictive model for the spectral “bioalbedo” of snow
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Vol. 122, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 434-454
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 122, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 434-454
    Kurzfassung: A physical model is presented that predicts the spectral albedo and melt impact of algal blooms on snow for the first time “Bioalbedo” is shown to impact the melt rate of snow, and associated indirect feedback are shown to be important Spectral “signatures” are identified that could be used to detect life in snow and ice from remotely sensed spectral reflectance data
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2169-9003 , 2169-9011
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jgrf.v122.1
    DOI: 10.1002/2016JF003932
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publikationsdatum: 2017
    ZDB Id: 3094104-0
    ZDB Id: 2130824-X
    ZDB Id: 2138320-0
    SSG: 16,13
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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