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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impacts of Hurricane Michael on Watershed Hydrology: A Case Study in the Southeastern United States
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Forests Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2022-06-09), p. 904-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2022-06-09), p. 904-
    Abstract: Hurricanes are one of the most significant threats to coastal plain forest ecosystems and urban communities of the southeastern U.S., but their implications for watershed hydrology are unclear. Hurricanes have the potential to alter water balances, causing extensive flooding, biogeochemical cycle disruption, and water quality degradation, saltwater intrusion, and increased nutrient sedimentation export in coastal watersheds. This case study focused on Hurricane Michael, a recent catastrophic event that impacted the Gulf coast, the Florida panhandle, southwestern Georgia, and southeastern Alabama. Through empirical (Double Mass Curve) and process-based ecohydrological modeling (WaSSI model) on long-term streamflow data, we explored whether vegetation damage caused by this hurricane resulted in an increase in streamflow two years after the extreme event. We found that monthly streamflow from the Chipola River watershed with an area of 2023 km2 did not change ( 〈 6%) appreciably during the first two years following the storm, arguably because only a fraction of the gauged watershed lost substantial tree cover. However, spatially explicit hydrological modeling suggested that several sub-watersheds with the highest decreases in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) significantly increased their monthly streamflow in 2019 by up to 22%. These modeled streamflow anomalies subsided by the second growing season when vegetation recovered. Overall, this study suggests that changes in vegetation cover after Hurricane Michael did not have lasting impacts on the hydrology of this watershed, and the hydrology of coastal watersheds may be more resilient to hurricane disturbances than previously thought.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f13060904
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regional patterns of postwildfire streamflow response in the Western United States: The importance of scale‐specific connectivity
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Hydrological Processes Vol. 31, No. 14 ( 2017-07), p. 2582-2598
    Details
    In: Hydrological Processes, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 14 ( 2017-07), p. 2582-2598
    Abstract: Wildfires can impact streamflow by modifying net precipitation, infiltration, evapotranspiration, snowmelt, and hillslope run‐off pathways. Regional differences in fire trends and postwildfire streamflow responses across the conterminous United States have spurred concerns about the impact on streamflow in forests that serve as water resource areas. This is notably the case for the Western United States, where fire activity and burn severity have increased in conjunction with climate change and increased forest density due to human fire suppression. In this review, we discuss the effects of wildfire on hydrological processes with a special focus on regional differences in postwildfire streamflow responses in forests. Postwildfire peak flows and annual water yields are generally higher in regions with a Mediterranean or semi‐arid climate (Southern California and the Southwest) compared to the highlands (Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Northwest), where fire‐induced changes in hydraulic connectivity along the hillslope results in the delivery of more water, more rapidly to streams. No clear streamflow response patterns have been identified in the humid subtropical Southeastern United States, where most fires are prescribed fires with a low burn severity, and more research is needed in that region. Improved assessment of postwildfire streamflow relies on quantitative spatial knowledge of landscape variables such as prestorm soil moisture, burn severity and correlations with soil surface sealing, water repellency, and ash deposition. The latest studies furthermore emphasize that understanding the effects of hydrological processes on postwildfire dynamic hydraulic connectivity, notably at the hillslope and watershed scales, and the relationship between overlapping disturbances including those other than wildfire is necessary for the development of risk assessment tools.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0885-6087 , 1099-1085
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hyp.v31.14
    DOI: 10.1002/hyp.11208
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479953-4
    SSG: 14
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Burned forests impact water supplies
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2018-04-10)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2018-04-10)
    Abstract: Wildland fire impacts on surface freshwater resources have not previously been measured, nor factored into regional water management strategies. But, large wildland fires are increasing and raise concerns about fire impacts on potable water. Here we synthesize long-term records of wildland fire, climate, and river flow for 168 locations across the United States. We show that annual river flow changed in 32 locations, where more than 19% of the basin area was burned. Wildland fires enhanced annual river flow in the western regions with a warm temperate or humid continental climate. Wildland fires increased annual river flow most in the semi-arid Lower Colorado region, in spite of frequent droughts in this region. In contrast, prescribed burns in the subtropical Southeast did not significantly alter river flow. These extremely variable outcomes offer new insights into the potential role of wildfire and prescribed fire in regional water resource management, under a changing climate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03735-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nitrogen saturation in a high elevation New England spruce-fir stand
    Elsevier BV ; 1996
    In:  Forest Ecology and Management Vol. 84, No. 1-3 ( 1996-08), p. 109-121
    Details
    In: Forest Ecology and Management, Elsevier BV, Vol. 84, No. 1-3 ( 1996-08), p. 109-121
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0378-1127
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/0378-1127(96)03742-5
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016648-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 751138-3
    SSG: 23
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of wildland fire impacts on watershed annual water yield: Analytical framework and case studies in the United States
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Ecohydrology Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2017-03)
    Details
    In: Ecohydrology, Wiley, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2017-03)
    Abstract: More than 50% of water supplies in the conterminous United States originate on forestland or rangeland and are potentially under increasing stress as a result of larger and more severe wildfires. Little is known, however, about the long‐term impacts of fire on annual water yield and the role of climate variability within this context. We here propose a framework for evaluating wildland fire impacts on streamflow that combines double‐mass analysis with new methods (change point analysis, climate elasticity modeling, and process‐based modeling) to distinguish between multiyear fire and climate impacts. The framework captures a wide range of fire types, watersheds characteristics, and climate conditions using streamflow data, as opposed to other approaches requiring paired watersheds. The process is illustrated with three case studies. A watershed in Arizona experienced a +266% increase in annual water yield in the 5 years after a wildfire, where +219% was attributed to wildfire and +24% to precipitation trends. In contrast, a California watershed had a lower (−64%) post‐fire net water yield, comprised of enhanced flow (+38%) attributed to wildfire offset (−102%) by lower precipitation in the post‐fire period. Changes in streamflow within a watershed in South Carolina had no apparent link to periods of prescribed burning but matched a very wet winter and reports of storm damage. The presented framework is unique in its ability to detect and quantify fire or other disturbances, even if the date or nature of the disturbance event is uncertain, and regardless of precipitation trends.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1936-0584 , 1936-0592
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/eco.v10.2
    DOI: 10.1002/eco.1794
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2418105-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of chronic N fertilization on foliar membranes, cold tolerance, and carbon storage in montane red spruce
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2002
    In:  Canadian Journal of Forest Research Vol. 32, No. 8 ( 2002-08-01), p. 1351-1359
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 32, No. 8 ( 2002-08-01), p. 1351-1359
    Abstract: We evaluated the influence of protracted low-level nitrogen (N) fertilization on foliar membrane-associated calcium (mCa), sugar and starch concentrations, membrane stability, winter cold tolerance, and freezing injury of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) trees growing in six experimental plots on Mount Ascutney, Vermont. For 12 consecutive years before this evaluation, each plot received one of three treatments: 0, 15.7, or 31.4 kg N·ha 1 ·year 1 supplied as NH 4 Cl. In comparison with trees from control plots, the current-year foliage of trees from N-addition plots had lower mCa concentrations, higher levels of electrolyte leakage, reduced cold tolerance, and greater freezing injury. Levels of mCa, membrane stability, and cold tolerance did not differ between N treatments, but trees in high-N treated plots experienced greater freezing injury. Although no differences in carbohydrate nutrition were detected in September, foliar sugar and starch concentrations from trees in N-treated plots were higher than control plot trees in January. We propose that foliar mCa deficiencies reduced cell membrane stability, decreased cold tolerance, and increased freezing injury for trees in N addition plots relative to controls. Declines in mCa may also help account for increases in respiration previously measured. Because soil, root, and mycorryhizal conditions were not evaluated, it is unknown how treatment-induced changes in these compartments may have influenced the alterations in foliar mCa and physiological parameters measured in this study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0045-5067 , 1208-6037
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/x02-059
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473096-0
    SSG: 23
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Using regional scale flow–ecology modeling to identify catchments where fish assemblages are most vulnerable to changes in water availability
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Freshwater Biology Vol. 63, No. 8 ( 2018-08), p. 928-945
    Details
    In: Freshwater Biology, Wiley, Vol. 63, No. 8 ( 2018-08), p. 928-945
    Abstract: Streamflow is essential for maintaining healthy aquatic ecosystems and for supporting human water supply needs. Changes in climate, land use and water use practices may alter water availability. Understanding the potential effect of these changes on aquatic ecosystems is critical for long‐term water management to maintain a balance between water for human consumption and ecosystem needs. Fish species data and streamflow estimates from a rainfall‐runoff and flow routing model were used to develop boosted regression tree models to predict the relationship between streamflow and fish species richness ( FSR ) under plausible scenarios of (1) water withdrawal, (2) climate change and (3) increases in impervious surfaces in the Piedmont ecoregion of North Carolina, U.S.A. Maximum monthly flow, the fraction of total flow originating from impervious surface runoff, coefficient of monthly streamflow variability, and the specific river basin accounted for 50% of the variability in FSR . This model was used to predict FSR values for all twelve‐digit Hydrological Unit Code catchments ( HUC ‐12s) in the North Carolina Piedmont under current flow conditions and under water withdrawal, climate change and impervious surface scenarios. Flow–ecology modeling results indicate that predicted FSR declined significantly with increased water withdrawals. However, the magnitude of decline varied geographically. A “hot‐spot” analysis was conducted based on predicted changes in FSR under each scenario to understand which HUC ‐12s were most likely to be affected by changes in water withdrawals, climate and impervious surfaces. Under the 20% withdrawal increase scenario, 413 of 886 (47%) HUC ‐12s in the study area were predicted to lose one or more species. HUC ‐12s in the Broad, Catawba, Yadkin and Cape Fear river basins were most susceptible to species loss. These findings may help decision making efforts by identifying catchments most vulnerable to changing water availability. Additionally, FSR ‐discharge modeling results can assist resource agencies, water managers and stakeholders in assessing the effect of water withdrawals in catchments to better support the protection and long‐term conservation of species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0046-5070 , 1365-2427
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/fwb.2018.63.issue-8
    DOI: 10.1111/fwb.13048
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020306-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 121180-8
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aboveground biomass and nitrogen allocation of ten deciduous southern Appalachian tree species
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 1998
    In:  Canadian Journal of Forest Research Vol. 28, No. 11 ( 1998-11-01), p. 1648-1659
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 28, No. 11 ( 1998-11-01), p. 1648-1659
    Abstract: Allometric equations were developed for mature trees of 10 deciduous species (Acer rubrum L., Betula lenta L., Carya spp., Cornus florida L., Liriodendron tulipifera L., Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC., Quercus alba L., Quercus coccinea Muenchh., Quercus prinus L., and Quercus rubra L.) at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in western North Carolina, U.S.A. These equations included the following dependent variables: stem wood mass, stem bark mass, branch mass, total wood mass, foliage mass, total biomass, foliage area, stem surface area, sapwood volume, and total tree volume. High correlation coefficients (R 2 ) were observed for all variables versus stem diameter, with the highest being for total tree biomass, which ranged from 0.981 for Oxydendrum arboreum to 0.999 for Quercus coccinea. Foliage area had the lowest R 2 values, ranging from 0.555 for Quercus alba to 0.962 for Betula lenta. When all species were combined, correlation coefficients ranged from 0.822 for foliage area to 0.986 for total wood mass, total tree biomass, and total tree volume. Species with ring versus diffuse/semiring porous wood anatomy exhibited higher leaf area with a given cross-sectional sapwood area as well as lower total sapwood volume. Liriodendron tulipifera contained one of the highest foliar nitrogen concentrations and had consistently low branch, bark, sapwood, and heartwood nitrogen contents. For a tree diameter of 50 cm, Carya spp. exhibited the highest total nitrogen content whereas Liriodendron tulipifera exhibited the lowest.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0045-5067 , 1208-6037
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/x98-146
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473096-0
    SSG: 23
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Efficacy of Wii-Based Movement Therapy for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in the Chronic Poststroke Period: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  International Journal of Stroke Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2015-12), p. 1253-1260
    Details
    In: International Journal of Stroke, SAGE Publications, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2015-12), p. 1253-1260
    Abstract: More effective and efficient rehabilitation is urgently needed to address the prevalence of unmet rehabilitation needs after stroke. This study compared the efficacy of two poststroke upper limb therapy protocols. Aims and/or hypothesis We tested the hypothesis that Wii-based movement therapy would be as effective as modified constraint-induced movement therapy for post-stroke upper-limb motor rehabilitation. Methods Forty-one patients, 2–46 months poststroke, completed a 14-day program of Wii-based Movement Therapy or modified Constraint-induced Movement Therapy in a dose-matched, assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial, conducted in a research institute or patient's homes. Primary outcome measures were the Wolf Motor Function Test timed-tasks and Motor Activity Log Quality of Movement scale. Patients were assessed at prebaseline (14 days pretherapy), baseline, post-therapy, and six-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results There were no differences between groups for either primary outcome at any time point. Motor function was stable between prebaseline and baseline ( P 〉 0·05), improved with therapy ( P 〈 0·001); and improvements were maintained at six-months ( P 〉 0·05). Wolf Motor Function Test timed-tasks log times improved from 2·1 ± 0·22 to 1·7 ± 0·22 s after Wii-based Movement Therapy, and 2·6 ± 0·23 to 2·3 ± 0·24 s after modified Constraint-induced Movement Therapy. Motor Activity Log Quality of Movement scale scores improved from 67·7 ± 6·07 to 102·4 ± 6·48 after Wii-based Movement Therapy and 64·1 ± 7·30 to 93·0 ± 5·95 after modified Constraint-induced Movement Therapy (mean ± standard error of the mean). Patient preference, acceptance, and continued engagement were higher for Wii-based Movement Therapy than modified Constraint-induced Movement Therapy. Conclusions This study demonstrates that Wii-based Movement Therapy is an effective upper limb rehabilitation poststroke with high patient compliance. It is as effective as modified Constraint-induced Movement Therapy for improving more affected upper limb movement and increased independence in activities of daily living.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1747-4930 , 1747-4949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12594
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2211666-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Whole genome microarray analysis of gene expression in an imprinting center deletion mouse model of Prader–Willi syndrome
    Wiley ; 2007
    In:  American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A Vol. 143A, No. 5 ( 2007-03-01), p. 422-429
    Details
    In: American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, Wiley, Vol. 143A, No. 5 ( 2007-03-01), p. 422-429
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1552-4825 , 1552-4833
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.v143a:5
    DOI: 10.1002/(ISSN)1552-4833
    DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31504
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1493479-6
    SSG: 12
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