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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OMIP contribution to CMIP6: experimental and diagnostic protocol for the physical component of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2016
    In:  Geoscientific Model Development Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2016-09-19), p. 3231-3296
    Details
    In: Geoscientific Model Development, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2016-09-19), p. 3231-3296
    Abstract: Abstract. The Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) is an endorsed project in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). OMIP addresses CMIP6 science questions, investigating the origins and consequences of systematic model biases. It does so by providing a framework for evaluating (including assessment of systematic biases), understanding, and improving ocean, sea-ice, tracer, and biogeochemical components of climate and earth system models contributing to CMIP6. Among the WCRP Grand Challenges in climate science (GCs), OMIP primarily contributes to the regional sea level change and near-term (climate/decadal) prediction GCs.OMIP provides (a) an experimental protocol for global ocean/sea-ice models run with a prescribed atmospheric forcing; and (b) a protocol for ocean diagnostics to be saved as part of CMIP6. We focus here on the physical component of OMIP, with a companion paper (Orr et al., 2016) detailing methods for the inert chemistry and interactive biogeochemistry. The physical portion of the OMIP experimental protocol follows the interannual Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (CORE-II). Since 2009, CORE-I (Normal Year Forcing) and CORE-II (Interannual Forcing) have become the standard methods to evaluate global ocean/sea-ice simulations and to examine mechanisms for forced ocean climate variability. The OMIP diagnostic protocol is relevant for any ocean model component of CMIP6, including the DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima experiments), historical simulations, FAFMIP (Flux Anomaly Forced MIP), C4MIP (Coupled Carbon Cycle Climate MIP), DAMIP (Detection and Attribution MIP), DCPP (Decadal Climate Prediction Project), ScenarioMIP, HighResMIP (High Resolution MIP), as well as the ocean/sea-ice OMIP simulations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1991-9603
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/gmd-9-3231-2016
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pharmacogenetic stimulation of neuronal activity increases myelination in an axon-specific manner
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2018-01-22)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2018-01-22)
    Abstract: Mounting evidence suggests that neuronal activity influences myelination, potentially allowing for experience-driven modulation of neural circuitry. The degree to which neuronal activity is capable of regulating myelination at the individual axon level is unclear. Here we demonstrate that stimulation of somatosensory axons in the mouse brain increases proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) within the underlying white matter. Stimulated axons display an increased probability of being myelinated compared to neighboring non-stimulated axons, in addition to being ensheathed with thicker myelin. Conversely, attenuating neuronal firing reduces axonal myelination in a selective activity-dependent manner. Our findings reveal that the process of selecting axons for myelination is strongly influenced by the relative activity of individual axons within a population. These observed cellular changes are consistent with the emerging concept that adaptive myelination is a key mechanism for the fine-tuning of neuronal circuitry in the mammalian CNS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02719-2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A simple modification of Newton’s method to achieve convergence of order 1 + 2
    Elsevier BV ; 2014
    In:  Applied Mathematics Letters Vol. 29 ( 2014-03), p. 20-25
    Details
    In: Applied Mathematics Letters, Elsevier BV, Vol. 29 ( 2014-03), p. 20-25
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0893-9659
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.aml.2013.10.008
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004138-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Non-Boussinesq Temporal Residual Mean
    American Meteorological Society ; 2003
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 33, No. 6 ( 2003-06), p. 1231-1239
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 33, No. 6 ( 2003-06), p. 1231-1239
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(2003)033〈1231:TNTRM〉2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spurious Dianeutral Advection and Methods for Its Minimization
    American Meteorological Society ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 53, No. 6 ( 2023-06), p. 1401-1427
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 53, No. 6 ( 2023-06), p. 1401-1427
    Abstract: An existing approximately neutral surface, the ω surface, minimizes the neutrality error and hence also exhibits very small fictitious dianeutral diffusivity D f that arises when lateral diffusion is applied along the surface, in nonneutral directions. However, there is also a spurious dianeutral advection that arises when lateral advection is applied nonneutrally along the surface; equivalently, lateral advection applied along the neutral tangent planes creates a vertical velocity e sp through the ω surface. Mathematically, e sp = u ⋅ s , where u is the lateral velocity and s is the slope error of the surface. We find that e sp produces a leading-order term in the evolution equations of temperature and salinity, being similar in magnitude to the influence of cabbeling and thermobaricity. We introduce a new method to form an approximately neutral surface, called an ω u · s surface, that minimizes e sp by adjusting its depth so that the slope error is nearly perpendicular to the lateral velocity. The e sp on a surface cannot be reduced to zero when closed streamlines contain nonzero neutral helicity. While e sp on the ω u · s surface is over 100 times smaller than that on the ω surface, the fictitious dianeutral diffusivity on the ω u · s surface is larger, nearly equal to the canonical 10 −5 m 2 s −1 background diffusivity. Thus, we also develop a method to minimize a combination of e sp and D f , yielding the surface, which is recommended for inverse models since it has low D f and it significantly decreases e sp through the surface, which otherwise would be a leading term that cannot be ignored in the conservation equations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-22-0174.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2023
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Algorithmic Improvements to Finding Approximately Neutral Surfaces
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2021-05)
    Details
    In: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2021-05)
    Abstract: The omega‐surface algorithm for accurate neutral surfaces solves a global linear problem and decoupled nonlinear problems in each cast The global linear optimization problem is converted into Poisson's equation, vastly reducing the algorithm's computational complexity The decoupled nonlinear problems are solved exactly, making the algorithm robust to weakly stratified waters and accelerating convergence
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1942-2466 , 1942-2466
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2020MS002436
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2462132-8
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Pressure-Invariant Neutral Density Variable for the World's Oceans
    American Meteorological Society ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 50, No. 12 ( 2020-12), p. 3585-3604
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 50, No. 12 ( 2020-12), p. 3585-3604
    Abstract: We present a new method to calculate the neutral density of an arbitrary water parcel. Using this method, the value of neutral density depends only on the parcel’s salinity, temperature, latitude, and longitude and is independent of the pressure (or depth) of the parcel, and is therefore independent of heave in observations or high-resolution models. In this method we move the parcel adiabatically and isentropically like a submesoscale coherent vortex (SCV) to its level of neutral buoyancy on four nearby water columns of a climatological atlas. The parcel’s neutral density γ SCV is interpolated from prelabeled neutral density values at these four reference locations in the climatological atlas. This method is similar to the neutral density variable γ n of Jackett and McDougall: their discretization of the neutral relationship equated the potential density of two parcels referenced to their average pressure, whereas our discretization equates the parcels’ potential density referenced to the pressure of the climatological parcel. We calculate the numerical differences between γ SCV and γ n , and we find similar variations of γ n and γ SCV on the ω surfaces of Klocker, McDougall, and Jackett. We also find that isosurfaces of γ n and γ SCV deviate from the neutral tangent plane by similar amounts. We compare the material derivative of γ SCV with that of γ n , finding their total material derivatives are of a similar magnitude.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-19-0321.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2020
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On Conservation Equations in Oceanography: How Accurate Are Boussinesq Ocean Models?
    American Meteorological Society ; 2002
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 32, No. 5 ( 2002-05), p. 1574-1584
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 32, No. 5 ( 2002-05), p. 1574-1584
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032〈1574:OCEIOH〉2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of cross-diffusion on ‘finger’ double-diffusive convection
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 1982
    In:  Nature Vol. 299, No. 5886 ( 1982-10), p. 812-814
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 299, No. 5886 ( 1982-10), p. 812-814
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/299812a0
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1982
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estimates of the relative roles of diapycnal, isopycnal and double‐diffusive mixing in Antarctic Bottom Water in the North Atlantic
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1984
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 89, No. C6 ( 1984-11-20), p. 10479-10483
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 89, No. C6 ( 1984-11-20), p. 10479-10483
    Abstract: Whitehead and Worthington (1982) have measured the fluxes of heat and salt due to the northward flow of Antarctic Bottom Water through a passageway 300 km wide between the Ceara Rise and the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge at about 4°N. Downstream of this “sill” the temperature and salinity of the underflowing water increase, and Whitehead and Worthington have described this change as being due to “downward” fluxes of heat and salt across isothermal surfaces. We consider the relative roles of three separate mixing processes to these “downward” fluxes of heat and salt across isotherms, and we use this information to decide between Whitehead and Worthington's two separate estimates of the volume transport of Antarctic Bottom Water: one based on current meter data, and the other based on geostrophic calculations. The slope of the θ‐ S locus of bottom water as it moves northward past the equator provides a valuable extra constraint on the relative importance of the three mixing processes. We conclude that the dominant mixing process is diapycnal (i.e., cross‐isopycnal) turbulent eddy diffusion and that the geostrophic data set of Whitehead and Worthington is consistent with the mixing ideas presented here, whereas their current meter data set is not.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JC089iC06p10479
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1984
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    SSG: 16,13
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