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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The influence of associative reward learning on motor inhibition
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Psychological Research Vol. 86, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 125-140
    Details
    In: Psychological Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 86, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 125-140
    Abstract: Stimuli that predict a rewarding outcome can cause difficulties to inhibit unfavourable behaviour. Research suggests that this is also the case for stimuli with a history of reward extending these effects on action control to situations, where reward is no longer accessible. We expand this line of research by investigating if previously reward-predictive stimuli promote behavioural activation and impair motor inhibition in a second unrelated task. In two experiments participants were trained to associate colours with a monetary reward or neutral feedback. Afterwards participants performed a cued go/no-go task, where cues appeared in the colours previously associated with feedback during training. In both experiments training resulted in faster responses in rewarded trials providing evidence of a value-driven response bias as long as reward was accessible. However, stimuli with a history of reward did not interfere with goal-directed action and inhibition in a subsequent task after removal of the reward incentives. While the first experiment was not conclusive regarding an impact of reward-associated cues on response inhibition, the second experiment, validated by Bayesian statistics, clearly questioned an effect of reward history on inhibitory control. This stands in contrast to earlier findings suggesting that the effect of reward history on subsequent action control is not as consistent as previously assumed. Our results show that participants are able to overcome influences from Pavlovian learning in a simple inhibition task. We discuss our findings with respect to features of the experimental design which may help or complicate overcoming behavioural biases induced by reward history.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0340-0727 , 1430-2772
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01485-7
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463034-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2426389-8
    SSG: 5,2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CBASP@home: Ein internetbasiertes Situationsanalysen-Training zur Stabilisierung des Therapieerfolgs nach stationärer Therapie für chronisch depressive Patienten
    S. Karger AG ; 2013
    In:  Verhaltenstherapie Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2013), p. 190-203
    Details
    In: Verhaltenstherapie, S. Karger AG, Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2013), p. 190-203
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Hintergrund: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Aufbauend auf einer ambulanten CBASP-Behandlung wurde ein stationäres multidisziplinäres Konzept zur Behandlung chronischer Depression entwickelt. Eine Pilotstudie zeigte positive Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der Wirkung dieses Konzepts, jedoch berichteten einige Patienten, dass die 12-wöchige Therapie zu kurz und die Zeit unmittelbar nach Entlassung schwierig sei. Daher wurde CBASP@home als ein internetbasiertes Situationsanalysen (SA)-Training zur Stabilisierung des erzielten Behandlungserfolgs konzipiert. CBASP@home ist eine 3-monatige Step-down-Onlineintervention. Die Patienten werden dabei unterstützt, die erlernten SA zu Hause fortzuführen und in den Alltag zu transferieren. An insgesamt 9 Terminen füllten die Patienten das SA-Formular über einen Sicherheitsserver aus und erhielten von ihrem stationären Psychotherapeuten zeitnah Rückmeldung. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Fallbericht: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 In der vorliegenden Phase-I-Studie wurde die Akzeptanz und Durchführbarkeit von CBASP@home an 2 Einzelfällen untersucht. CBASP@home wurde von beiden Patienten sehr gut angenommen und als sinnvolle Unterstützung bewertet. Zudem konnte bei beiden Patienten eine zunehmende Leistungssteigerung in der SA-Durchführung bei gleichzeitig rückläufiger depressiver Symptomatik bis zur Remission beobachtet werden. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Schlussfolgerungen: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Die beiden Einzelfallauswertungen liefern Hinweise, dass CBASP@home Transferprozesse vom stationären Setting in den Alltag erleichtern, Behandlungserfolge beibehalten bzw. Rückfällen vorbeugen kann. Wenn sich diese positiven Erfahrungen in zukünftigen Studien bestätigen sollten, kann CBASP@home wesentlich zur Verbesserung der langfristigen Versorgung chronisch depressiver Patienten beitragen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1016-6262 , 1423-0402
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000354814
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483583-6
    SSG: 5,2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reward history but not search history explains value-driven attentional capture
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics Vol. 80, No. 6 ( 2018-8), p. 1436-1448
    Details
    In: Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 80, No. 6 ( 2018-8), p. 1436-1448
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1943-3921 , 1943-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3758/s13414-018-1513-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2480891-X
    SSG: 5,2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Amphetamine modulates brain signal variability and working memory in younger and older adults
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2015
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 112, No. 24 ( 2015-06-16), p. 7593-7598
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, No. 24 ( 2015-06-16), p. 7593-7598
    Abstract: Better-performing younger adults typically express greater brain signal variability relative to older, poorer performers. Mechanisms for age and performance-graded differences in brain dynamics have, however, not yet been uncovered. Given the age-related decline of the dopamine (DA) system in normal cognitive aging, DA neuromodulation is one plausible mechanism. Hence, agents that boost systemic DA [such as d -amphetamine (AMPH)] may help to restore deficient signal variability levels. Furthermore, despite the standard practice of counterbalancing drug session order (AMPH first vs. placebo first), it remains understudied how AMPH may interact with practice effects, possibly influencing whether DA up-regulation is functional. We examined the effects of AMPH on functional-MRI–based blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal variability (SD BOLD ) in younger and older adults during a working memory task (letter n -back). Older adults expressed lower brain signal variability at placebo, but met or exceeded young adult SD BOLD levels in the presence of AMPH. Drug session order greatly moderated change–change relations between AMPH-driven SD BOLD and reaction time means (RT mean ) and SDs (RT SD ). Older adults who received AMPH in the first session tended to improve in RT mean and RT SD when SD BOLD was boosted on AMPH, whereas younger and older adults who received AMPH in the second session showed either a performance improvement when SD BOLD decreased (for RT mean ) or no effect at all (for RT SD ). The present findings support the hypothesis that age differences in brain signal variability reflect aging-induced changes in dopaminergic neuromodulation. The observed interactions among AMPH, age, and session order highlight the state- and practice-dependent neurochemical basis of human brain dynamics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1504090112
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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