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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identifying Childhood Expressive Language Features That Best Predict Adult Language and Communication Outcome in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder
    American Speech Language Hearing Association ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Vol. 64, No. 6 ( 2021-06-04), p. 1977-1991
    Details
    In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, American Speech Language Hearing Association, Vol. 64, No. 6 ( 2021-06-04), p. 1977-1991
    Abstract: Several studies have reported that “useful speech” at 5 years of age predicts outcomes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but this skill has been vaguely defined. This study investigates which specific aspects of expressive language in children with ASD best predict adult language and communication outcomes. Method Language samples from 29 children (ages 47–72 months) enrolled in a longitudinal project (e.g., Lord et al., 2006 ) were transcribed and coded for spoken language features. Hierarchical linear regression was used to compare the following childhood variables as predictors of adult language and communication outcomes: noun diversity, verb diversity, mean length of utterance, and proportion of utterances that were socially motivated. Results Childhood verb diversity was a value-added predictor of all four adult outcome measures (i.e., verbal IQ, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Communication + Social Interaction Algorithm totals, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test scores, and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Communication Domain scores), while noun diversity and proportion of utterances that were socially motivated were not value-added predictors of any adult outcome measures. In a second set of regression analyses, mean length of utterance was substituted for verb diversity and was a value-added predictor of two out of four adult outcome measures (i.e., verbal IQ and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Communication Domain scores). The pattern of findings for the other predictors remained the same as in the previous analyses. Conclusion These results have implications for our understanding of early language in ASD and for clinical decision making in early childhood.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1092-4388 , 1558-9102
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1044/2021_JSLHR-20-00544
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
    Publication Date: 2021
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    SSG: 7,11
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Neural Correlates of Familiar and Unfamiliar Face Processing in Infants at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2011
    In:  Brain Topography Vol. 24, No. 3-4 ( 2011-10), p. 220-228
    Details
    In: Brain Topography, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 24, No. 3-4 ( 2011-10), p. 220-228
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0896-0267 , 1573-6792
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10548-011-0176-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2015003-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Table_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 13 ( 2022-9-23)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-9-23)
    Abstract: Caregivers’ language input supports children’s language development, and it is often tuned to the child’s current level of skill. Evidence suggests that parental input is tuned to accommodate children’s expressive language levels, but accommodation to receptive language abilities is less understood. In particular, little is known about parental sensitivity to children’s abilities to process language in real time. Compared to nonspectrum children, children on the spectrum are slower to process language. In this study, we ask: Do parents of autistic children and those of nonspectrum children tune their language input to accommodate children’s different language processing abilities? Children with and without a diagnosis of autism (ages 2–6 years, N  = 35) and their parents viewed a display of six images, one of which was the target. The parent labeled the target to direct the child’s attention to it. We first examined children’s language processing abilities by assessing their latencies to shift gaze to the labeled referent; from this, we found slower latencies in the autistic group than in the nonspectrum group, in line with previous findings. We then examined features of parents’ language and found that parents in both groups produced similar language, suggesting that parents may not adjust their language input according to children’s speed of language processing. This finding suggests that (1) capturing parental sensitivity to children’s receptive language, and specifically language processing, may enrich our models of individual differences in language input, and (2) future work should investigate if supporting caregivers in tuning their language use according to children’s language processing can improve children’s language outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-1078
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.954983
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.954983.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2563826-9
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  • 4
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    Greater Pupil Size in Response to Emotional Faces as an Early Marker of Social‐Communicative Difficulties in Infants at High Risk for Autism
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Infancy Vol. 21, No. 5 ( 2016-09), p. 560-581
    Details
    In: Infancy, Wiley, Vol. 21, No. 5 ( 2016-09), p. 560-581
    Abstract: When scanning faces, individuals with autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ) have shown reduced visual attention (e.g., less time on eyes) and atypical autonomic responses (e.g., heightened arousal). To understand how these differences might explain subclinical variability in social functioning, 9‐month‐olds, with or without a family history of ASD , viewed emotionally expressive faces, and gaze and pupil diameter (a measure of autonomic activation) were recorded using eye‐tracking. Infants at high risk for ASD with no subsequent clinical diagnosis ( HRA ‐) and low‐risk controls ( LRC ) showed similar face scanning and attention to eyes and mouth; attention was overall greater to eyes than mouth, but this varied as a function of the emotion presented. As a group, HRA ‐ showed significantly larger pupil size than LRC . Correlations between scanning at 9 months, pupil size at 9 months, and 18‐month social‐communicative behavior, revealed positive associations between pupil size and attention to both face and eyes at 9 months in LRC, and a negative association between 9‐month pupil size and 18‐month social‐communicative behavior in HRA‐.The present findings point to heightened autonomic arousal in HRA‐. Further, with greater arousal relating to worse social‐communicative functioning at 18 months, this work points to a mechanism by which unaffected siblings might develop atypical social behavior.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-0008 , 1532-7078
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/infa.2016.21.issue-5
    DOI: 10.1111/infa.12128
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020049-3
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    The integrity of lexical acquisition mechanisms in autism spectrum disorders: A research review
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Autism Research Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2016-08), p. 810-828
    Details
    In: Autism Research, Wiley, Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2016-08), p. 810-828
    Abstract: Research on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has rapidly expanded in recent years, yielding important developments in both theory and practice. While we have gained important insights into how children with ASD differ from typically developing (TD) children in terms of phenotypic features, less has been learned about if and how development in ASD differs from typical development in terms of underlying mechanisms of change. This article aims to provide a review of processes subserving lexical development in ASD, with the goal of identifying contributing factors to the heterogeneity of language outcomes in ASD. The focus is on available evidence of the integrity or disruption of these mechanisms in ASD, as well as their significance for vocabulary development; topics include early speech perception and preference, speech segmentation, word learning, and category formation. Significant gaps in the literature are identified and future directions are suggested. Autism Res 2016, 9: 810–828 . © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1939-3792 , 1939-3806
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/aur.2016.9.issue-8
    DOI: 10.1002/aur.1590
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2418112-2
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    The effects of early institutionalization on emotional face processing: evidence for sparing via an experience‐dependent mechanism
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  British Journal of Developmental Psychology Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 2017-09), p. 439-453
    Details
    In: British Journal of Developmental Psychology, Wiley, Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 2017-09), p. 439-453
    Abstract: Early psychosocial deprivation has profound adverse effects on children's brain and behavioural development, including abnormalities in physical growth, intellectual function, social cognition, and emotional development. Nevertheless, the domain of emotional face processing has appeared in previous research to be relatively spared; here, we test for possible sleeper effects emerging in early adolescence. This study employed event‐related potentials ( ERP s) to examine the neural correlates of facial emotion processing in 12‐year‐old children who took part in a randomized controlled trial of foster care as an intervention for early institutionalization. Results revealed no significant group differences in two face and emotion‐sensitive ERP components (P1 and N170), nor any association with age at placement or per cent of lifetime spent in an institution. These results converged with previous evidence from this population supporting relative sparing of facial emotion processing. We hypothesize that this sparing is due to an experience‐dependent mechanism in which the amount of exposure to faces and facial expressions of emotion children received was sufficient to meet the low threshold required for cortical specialization of structures critical to emotion processing. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Early psychosocial deprivation leads to profoundly detrimental effects on children's brain and behavioural development. With respect to children's emotional face processing abilities, few adverse effects of institutionalized rearing have previously been reported. Recent studies suggest that ‘sleeper effects’ may emerge many years later, especially in the domain of face processing. What does this study add? Examining a cumulative 12 years of data, we found only minimal group differences and no evidence of a sleeper effect in this particular domain. These findings identify emotional face processing as a unique ability in which relative sparing can be found. We propose an experience‐dependent mechanism in which the amount of social interaction children received met the low threshold required for cortical specialization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0261-510X , 2044-835X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.2017.35.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12185
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028059-2
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Neural measures of social attention across the first years of life: Characterizing typical development and markers of autism risk
    Elsevier BV ; 2014
    In:  Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Vol. 8 ( 2014-04), p. 131-143
    Details
    In: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Elsevier BV, Vol. 8 ( 2014-04), p. 131-143
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1878-9293
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2013.09.006
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2572271-2
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers in extremely low gestational age newborns: individual items associated with motor, cognitive, vision and hearing limitations : The M-CHAT in very preterm infants
    Wiley ; 2011
    In:  Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology Vol. 25, No. 4 ( 2011-07), p. 366-376
    Details
    In: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Wiley, Vol. 25, No. 4 ( 2011-07), p. 366-376
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-5022
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ppe.2011.25.issue-4
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01187.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008566-7
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Lexical Development in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): How ASD May Affect Intake From the Input
    American Speech Language Hearing Association ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Vol. 61, No. 11 ( 2018-11-08), p. 2659-2672
    Details
    In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, American Speech Language Hearing Association, Vol. 61, No. 11 ( 2018-11-08), p. 2659-2672
    Abstract: Most children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have below-age lexical knowledge and lexical representation. Our goal is to examine ways in which difficulties with social communication and language processing that are often associated with ASD may constrain these children's abilities to learn new words and to explore whether minimizing the social communication and processing demands of the learning situation can lead to successful learning. Method In this narrative review of recent work on lexical development in ASD, we describe key findings on children's acquisition of nouns, pronouns, and verbs and outline our research program currently in progress aimed at further elucidating these issues. Conclusion Our review of studies that examine lexical development in children with ASD suggests that innovative intervention approaches that take into account both the social communication and processing demands of the learning situation may be particularly beneficial. Presentation Video https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7324013
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1092-4388 , 1558-9102
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1044/2018_JSLHR-L-RSAUT-18-0024
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070420-3
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Differential attention to faces in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder and associations with later social and language ability
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Behavioral Development Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 83-92
    Details
    In: International Journal of Behavioral Development, SAGE Publications, Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 83-92
    Abstract: A growing body of literature has begun to explore social attention in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with hopes of identifying early differences that are associated with later ASD or other aspects of development. The present study used eye-tracking to familiar (mother) and unfamiliar (stranger) faces in two groups of 6-month-old infants: infants with no family history of ASD (low-risk controls; LRC), and infants at high risk for ASD (HRA), by virtue of having an older sibling with ASD. HRA infants were further characterized based on autism classification at 24 months or older as HRA- (HRA without an ASD outcome) or HRA+ (HRA with an ASD outcome). For time scanning faces overall, HRA+ and LRC showed similar patterns of attention, and this was significantly greater than in HRA-. When examining duration of time spent on eyes and mouth, all infants spent more time on eyes than mouth, but HRA+ showed the greatest amount of time looking at these regions, followed by LRC, then HRA-. LRC showed a positive association between 6-month attention to eyes and 18-month social-communicative behavior, while HRA- showed a negative association between attention to eyes at 6 months and expressive language at 18 months (all correlations controlled for non-verbal IQ; HRA- correlations held with and without the inclusion of the small sample of HRA+). Differences found in face scanning at 6 months, as well as associations with social communication at 18 months, point to potential variation in the developmental significance of early social attention in children at low and high risk for ASD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0165-0254 , 1464-0651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0165025416673475
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466999-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 432118-2
    SSG: 5,2
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