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  • 1
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    The influence of a simulated game on muscular strength in female high-school and collegiate softball pitchers
    Informa UK Limited ; 2021
    In:  Sports Biomechanics
    Details
    In: Sports Biomechanics, Informa UK Limited
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1476-3141 , 1752-6116
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1941229
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2098824-2
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  • 2
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    Table_1.DOCX
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 14 ( 2023-2-8)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-2-8)
    Abstract: Laboratory-based studies designed to mimic combat or military field training have consistently demonstrated deleterious effects on warfighter’s physical, cognitive, and emotional performance during simulated military operational stress (SMOS). Purpose The present investigation sought to determine the impact of a 48-h simulated military operational stress (SMOS) on military tactical adaptive decision making, and the influence of select psychological, physical performance, cognitive, and physiological outcome measures on decision making performance. Methods Male ( n  = 48, 26.2 ± 5.5 years, 177.7 ± 6.6 cm, 84.7 ± 14.1 kg.) subjects currently serving in the U.S. military were eligible to participate in this study. Eligible subjects completed a 96-h protocol that occurred over five consecutive days and four nights. Day 2 (D2) and day 3 (D3) consisted of 48-h of SMOS wherein sleep opportunity and caloric needs were reduced to 50%. Differences in SPEAR total block score from baseline to peak stress (D3 minus D1) were calculated to assess change in military tactical adaptive decision making and groups were stratified based on increase (high adaptors) or decrease (low adaptors) of the SPEAR change score. Results Overall, military tactical decision-making declined 1.7% from D1 to D3 ( p   & lt; 0.001). High adaptors reported significantly higher scores of aerobic capacity ( p   & lt; 0.001), self-report resilience ( p  = 0.020), extroversion ( p   & lt; 0.001), and conscientiousness ( p   & lt; 0.001). at baseline compared to low adaptors, while low adaptors reported greater scores in Neuroticism ( p   & lt; 0.001). Conclusion The present findings suggest that service members whose adaptive decision making abilities improved throughout SMOS (i.e., high adaptors) demonstrated better baseline psychological/self-reported resilience and aerobic capacity. Further, changes in adaptive decision-making were distinct from those of lower order cognitive functions throughout SMOS exposure. With the transition of future military conflicts placing higher priority on enhancing and sustaining cognitive readiness and resiliency, data presented here demonstrates the importance of measuring and categorizing baseline measures inherent to military personnel, in order to change and train one’s ability to suffer less of a decline during high stress conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-1078
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1102425
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1102425.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2563826-9
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  • 3
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    Accuracy of recall of musculoskeletal injuries in elite military personnel: a cross-sectional study
    BMJ ; 2017
    In:  BMJ Open Vol. 7, No. 12 ( 2017-12), p. e017434-
    Details
    In: BMJ Open, BMJ, Vol. 7, No. 12 ( 2017-12), p. e017434-
    Abstract: Self-reported data are often used in research studies among military populations. Objective The accuracy of self-reported musculoskeletal injury data among elite military personnel was assessed for issues with recall. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Applied research laboratory at a military installation. Participants A total of 101 subjects participated (age 28.5±5.6 years). Study participants were active duty military personnel, with no conditions that precluded them from full duty. Primary and secondary outcome measures Self-reported and medical record reviewed injuries that occurred during a 1-year period were matched by anatomic location, injury side (for extremity injuries), and injury year and type. The accuracy of recall was estimated as the per cent of medical record reviewed injuries correctly recalled in the self-report. The effect of injury anatomic location, injury type and severity and time since injury, on recall, was also assessed. Injuries were classified as recent (≤4 years since injury) or old injuries ( 〉 4 years since injury). Recall proportions were compared using Fisher’s exact tests. Results A total of 374 injuries were extracted from the subjects’ medical records. Recall was generally low (12.0%) and was not different between recent and old injuries (P=0.206). Injury location did not affect recall (P=0.418). Recall was higher for traumatic fractures as compared with less severe non-fracture injuries (P values 0.001 to 〈 0.001). Recall for non-fracture injuries was higher for recent as compared with old injuries (P=0.033). This effect of time since injury on recall was not observed for fractures (P=0.522). Conclusions The results of this study highlight the importance of weighing the advantages and disadvantages of self-reported injury data before their use in research studies in military populations and the need for future research to identify modifiable factors that influence recall.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2044-6055 , 2044-6055
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017434
    Language: English
    Publisher: BMJ
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2599832-8
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  • 4
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    Reliability and Validity of a Flume-Based Maximal Oxygen Uptake Swimming Test
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sports Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-02-08), p. 42-
    Details
    In: Sports, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-02-08), p. 42-
    Abstract: A mode-specific swimming protocol to assess maximal aerobic uptake (VO2maxsw) is vital to accurately evaluate swimming performance. A need exists for reliable and valid swimming protocols that assess VO2maxsw in a flume environment. The purpose was to assess: (a) reliability and (b) “performance” validity of a VO2maxsw flume protocol using the 457-m freestyle pool performance swim (PS) test as the criterion. Nineteen males (n = 9) and females (n = 10) (age, 28.5 ± 8.3 years.; height, 174.7 ± 8.2 cm; mass, 72.9 ± 12.5 kg; %body fat, 21.4 ± 5.9) performed two flume VO2maxsw tests (VO2maxswA and VO2maxswB) and one PS test [457 m (469.4 ± 94.7 s)]. For test–retest reliability (Trials A vs. B), moderately strong relationships were established for VO2maxsw (mL·kg−1·min−1)(r= 0.628, p = 0.002), O2pulse (mL O2·beat−1)(r = 0.502, p = 0.014), VEmax (L·min−1) (r = 0.671, p = 0.001), final test time (sec) (0.608, p = 0.004), and immediate post-test blood lactate (IPE (BLa)) (0.716, p = 0.001). For performance validity, moderately strong relationships (p 〈 0.05) were found between VO2maxswA (r =−0.648, p = 0.005), O2pulse (r= −0.623, p = 0.008), VEmax (r = −0.509 p = 0.037), and 457-m swim times. The swimming flume protocol examined is a reliable and valid assessment of VO2maxsw., and offers an alternative for military, open water, or those seeking complementary forms of training to improve swimming performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4663
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sports11020042
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704239-X
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  • 5
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    Decreased Percent Body Fat but Not Body Mass is Associated with Better Performance on Combat Fitness Test in Male and Female Marines
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Vol. 37, No. 4 ( 2023-04), p. 887-893
    Details
    In: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 37, No. 4 ( 2023-04), p. 887-893
    Abstract: Pletcher, ER, Lovalekar, M, Coleman, LC, Beals, K, Nindl, BC, and Allison, KF. Decreased percent body fat but not body mass is associated with better performance on the Marine Corps Combat Fitness Test. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): 887–893, 2023—The military uses a variety of physical fitness tests to assess physical readiness. The Marine Corps designed the Combat Fitness Test (CFT) to emphasize functional fitness related to operational demands. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between body mass (BM), fat free mass (FFM), and percent body fat (BF%) measured via air displacement plethysmography with CFT performance in male and female marines. Two-hundred 10 male (22.4 ± 2.6 years) and 84 female (22.6 ± 2.8 years) marines were grouped into quintiles according to BM (in kilograms), FFM (in kilograms), and BF%. Kruskal-Wallis test or 1-way analysis of variance were used to determine if significant differences in CFT total and component scores existed between the groups of subjects classified into quintiles of BM, FFM, and BF%. No significant differences in CFT scores were observed between BM quintile in either men or women. No significant differences in CFT scores were observed between FFM quintiles in men. Total CFT score ( p = 0.002), movement to contact (MTC; p = 0.014), maneuver under fire (MANUF; p = 0.008), and ammunition lift (AL; p = 0.014) were all significantly different among FFM quintiles in women. Total CFT score ( p = 0.007), MTC ( p = 0.001), and MANUF ( p = 0.022) were significantly different among BF% quintiles in men. Total CFT score ( p = 0.008), MTC ( p = 0.033), and AL ( p = 0.016) were significantly different among BF% quintiles in women. Male and female marines in the quintile with lowest BF% had better CFT scores than those in higher quintiles. Targeted physical training and nutrition considerations to optimize BF% may help improve military task performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1064-8011
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004335
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2142889-X
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  • 6
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    Hydrodynamic Flow Characteristics of a Recirculating Pool: Examining the Ecological Validity for Training and Testing
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Vol. 37, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. 2023-2031
    Details
    In: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 37, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. 2023-2031
    Abstract: Krajewski, KT, Beethe, AZ, Dever, DE, Johnson, CD, Nindl, BC, Lovalekar, MT, Flanagan, SD, and Connaboy, C. Hydrodynamic flow characteristics of a recirculating pool: examining the ecological validity for training and testing. J Strength Cond Res 37(10): 2023–2031, 2023—Recirculating swimming flumes (RSFs) with elliptical multifeature designs have grown in popularity due to their multifunctionality for rehabilitation and training. Because of their smaller footprint, laboratories have adopted their use to investigate swimming and underwater treadmill running. However, little is known about the hydrodynamic characteristics of these RSFs and how they might influence outcomes. The purpose was to determine hydrodynamic flow characteristics of an RSF at the manufacturers' set “speeds” around the centroid of flow projection. Hydrodynamic velocity profiles were collected through a 3D profiling velocimeter, sampling at 200 Hz in an RSF. Data were collected 0.5 and 1.5 m from the projection channel at designated flume “speeds” of 30–95 (+99) in 5-unit increments. Velocity data were collected for 1 minute per trial (location × speed) to determine mean flow velocity (MFV) for 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm 2 cross-sectional areas (CSAs). A two-way ANOVA was conducted comparing CSAs from the surface by distance from the current channel (4 × 2). Separate ANOVAs were conducted to assess differences in MFV across each CSA. Significant differences between flow CSAs indicated that MFV is less for a larger area at the same speed, indicative of variable and turbulent flow characteristics across the respective CSAs. Mean flow velocity was further diminished by distance from the flow channel as supported by the main effect, thus exposing an individual to variant flow velocities simultaneously. Limited stability of the flow velocity centroid could affect swim mechanics making the movement pattern no longer analogous to traditional pool and open water swimming, rather resembling swimming upstream in a river with turbulent flow.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1064-8011
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004500
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
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    The Relationship of Core Strength and Activation and Performance on Three Functional Movement Screens
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2018-04), p. 1166-1173
    Details
    In: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2018-04), p. 1166-1173
    Abstract: Johnson, CD, Whitehead, PN, Pletcher, ER, Faherty, MS, Lovalekar, MT, Eagle, SR, and Keenan, KA. The relationship of core strength and activation and performance on three functional movement screens. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 1166–1173, 2018—Current measures of core stability used by clinicians and researchers suffer from several shortcomings. Three functional movement screens appear, at face-value, to be dependent on the ability to activate and control core musculature. These 3 screens may present a viable alternative to current measures of core stability. Thirty-nine subjects completed a deep squat, trunk stability push-up, and rotary stability screen. Scores on the 3 screens were summed to calculate a composite score (COMP). During the screens, muscle activity was collected to determine the length of time that the bilateral erector spinae, rectus abdominis, external oblique, and gluteus medius muscles were active. Strength was assessed for core muscles (trunk flexion and extension, trunk rotation, and hip abduction and adduction) and accessory muscles (knee flexion and extension and pectoralis major). Two ordinal logistic regression equations were calculated with COMP as the outcome variable, and: (a) core strength and accessory strength, (b) only core strength. The first model was significant in predicting COMP ( p = 0.004) (Pearson's Chi-Square = 149.132, p = 0.435; Nagelkerke's R-Squared = 0.369). The second model was significant in predicting COMP ( p = 0.001) (Pearson's Chi-Square = 148.837, p = 0.488; Nagelkerke's R-Squared = 0.362). The core muscles were found to be active for most screens, with percentages of “time active” for each muscle ranging from 54–86%. In conclusion, performance on the 3 screens is predicted by core strength, even when accounting for “accessory” strength variables. Furthermore, it seems the screens elicit wide-ranging activation of core muscles. Although more investigation is needed, these screens, collectively, seem to be a good assessment of core strength.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1064-8011
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001943
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 8
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    Tethered Swimming Test: Reliability and the Association With Swimming Performance and Land-Based Anaerobic Performance
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Vol. 35, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 212-220
    Details
    In: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 35, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 212-220
    Abstract: Nagle Zera, J, Nagle, EF, Nagai, T, Lovalekar, M, Abt, JP, and Lephart, SM. Tethered swimming test: reliability and the association with swimming performance and land-based anaerobic performance. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 212–220, 2021—The purpose of this study was 3-fold: (a) to examine the test-retest reliability of a 30-second maximal tethered freestyle swimming test (TST), (b) to assess the validity of the TST by examining the association with sprint swimming performance, and (c) to examine the associations between a swim-specific and land-based measure of anaerobic performance. A total of 29 male and female swimmers were recruited to participate in the study. Each subject completed a Wingate Anaerobic cycling test (WAnT), 2 or 4 TST, and a 22.9 m (25 yd), 45.7 m (50 yd), and 91.4 m (100 yd) maximal freestyle performance swims (PS). Mean and peak force ( F mean and F peak ) were recorded for both the WAnT and TST, and average swimming velocity and time were recorded for the PS. In addition, physiological and perceptual measures were recorded immediately postexercise for all tests. The results of the present investigation showed strong intersession and intrasession reliability ( R = 0.821–0.975; p 〈 0.001) for force parameters of the TST. Moderate correlations were found between F mean and PS time and velocity of all distances, with slightly weaker correlations between F peak and the 22.9 m (time and velocity) and 45.7 m (velocity) PS. Finally, moderate correlations were found for F mean and F peak of the TST and WAnT. This study demonstrated that the TST is a reliable measure, with moderate association with swimming performance, producing similar physiological responses compared with free swimming. Therefore, future research should focus on investigating the potential benefits of using the TST as a regular assessment tool as a part of a competitive swimming training program to track adaptations and inform training decisions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1064-8011
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002501
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 9
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    Using the capture–recapture method to estimate the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries among U.S. Army soldiers
    Elsevier BV ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 20 ( 2017-11), p. S23-S27
    Details
    In: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, Elsevier BV, Vol. 20 ( 2017-11), p. S23-S27
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1440-2440
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.07.013
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2230157-4
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  • 10
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    Greater ankle strength, anaerobic and aerobic capacity, and agility predict Ground Combat Military Occupational School graduation in female Marines
    Elsevier BV ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 20 ( 2017-11), p. S85-S90
    Details
    In: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, Elsevier BV, Vol. 20 ( 2017-11), p. S85-S90
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1440-2440
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.08.005
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2017
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