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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficacy of an oral recombinant attennated Salmonella vaccine encoding cjaA in turkeys colonized with Campylobacter jejuni
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2016
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 196, No. 1_Supplement ( 2016-05-01), p. 216.10-216.10
    Details
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 196, No. 1_Supplement ( 2016-05-01), p. 216.10-216.10
    Abstract: Campylobacter jejuni spp. jejuni, (C. jejuni) is a commensal bacterium in the lower gastrointestinal tract of poultry (e.g., chickens and turkeys), where it causes no clinical disease. Consumption of C. jejuni-contaminated poultry products is the most likely route of transmission to humans. Strategies previously attempted in chickens to reduce intestinal C. jejuni colonization include administration of probiotics, non-antibiotic feed additives, vaccines and bacteriophages. These interventions have not been evaluated in turkeys. Recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines (RASV) encoding C. jejuni cjaA are reported to reduce cecal C. jejuni colonization in chickens. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a RASV encoding cjaA in turkey poults experimentally colonized with C. jejuni. The cjaA gene from C. jejuni was cloned into RASV strain χ8133 (RASV-cjaA). A control RASV χ8133 (RASV-control) was generated lacking a cjaA insert. At different dates of age, poults received either one or two doses of RASV-cjaA. Other poults received 2 doses of RASV-control. Intestinal colonization by RASV-cjaA was evaluated and was detectable up to 6 days after oral inoculation. Poults were orally challenged with C. jejuni and euthanized at days 3, 7, 14 and 28 days post-challenge to evaluate cecal colonization (cfu/g content) and histopathological changes. Poults vaccinated with 2 doses of RASV-cjaA showed significant reduction (P & lt;0.01) in C. jejuni cecal colonization and histopathological lesion scoring, as compared to those receiving a single dose of RASV-cjaA or RASV-control. These data demonstrate that oral RASV-cjaA significantly reduced C. jejuni colonization in turkeys, which may enhance food safety.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.Supp.216.10
    RVK:
    XA 54100
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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  • 2
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    Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter fetus: emergence and genomic evolution
    Microbiology Society ; 2023
    In:  Microbial Genomics Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2023-03-02)
    Details
    In: Microbial Genomics, Microbiology Society, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2023-03-02)
    Abstract: Campylobacter fetus is a pathogen, which is primarily associated with fertility problems in sheep and cattle. In humans, it can cause severe infections that require antimicrobial treatment. However, knowledge on the development of antimicrobial resistance in C. fetus is limited. Moreover, the lack of epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) and clinical breakpoints for C. fetus hinders consistent reporting about wild-type and non-wild-type susceptibility. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic susceptibility pattern of C. fetus and to determine the C. fetus resistome [the collection of all antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and their precursors] to describe the genomic basis of antimicrobial resistance in C. fetus isolates over time. Whole-genome sequences of 295 C . fetus isolates, including isolates that were isolated in the period 1939 till the mid 1940s, before the usage of non-synthetic antimicrobials, were analysed for the presence of resistance markers, and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility was obtained for a selection of 47 isolates. C. fetus subspecies fetus ( Cff ) isolates showed multiple phenotypic antimicrobial resistances compared to C. fetus subspecies venerealis ( Cfv ) isolates that were only intrinsic resistant to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim. Cff isolates showed elevated minimal inhibitory concentrations for cefotaxime and cefquinome that were observed in isolates from 1943 onwards, and Cff isolates contained gyrA substitutions, which conferred resistance to ciprofloxacin. Resistances to aminoglycosides, tetracycline and phenicols were linked to acquired ARGs on mobile genetic elements. A plasmid-derived tet (O) gene in a bovine Cff isolate in 1999 was the first mobile genetic element observed, followed by detection of mobile elements containing tet (O) -aph(3′)-III and tet (44)- ant(6)-Ib genes, and a plasmid from a single human isolate in 2003, carrying aph(3′)-III-ant(6)-Ib and a chloramphenicol resistance gene ( cat ). The presence of ARGs in multiple mobile elements distributed among different Cff lineages highlights the risk for spread and further emergence of AMR in C. fetus . Surveillance for these resistances requires the establishment of ECOFFs for C. fetus .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2057-5858
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000934
    Language: English
    Publisher: Microbiology Society
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2835258-0
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  • 3
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    Nanoparticle microarray for high-throughput microbiome metabolomics using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Vol. 411, No. 1 ( 2019-1), p. 147-156
    Details
    In: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 411, No. 1 ( 2019-1), p. 147-156
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1618-2642 , 1618-2650
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1436-5
    RVK:
    VA 4300
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1459122-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2071767-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Bulk soil bacterial community structure and function respond to long-term organic and conventional agricultural management
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2018
    In:  Canadian Journal of Microbiology Vol. 64, No. 12 ( 2018-12), p. 901-914
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Microbiology, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 64, No. 12 ( 2018-12), p. 901-914
    Abstract: Understanding how soil microbiomes respond to management is essential to maximizing soil health. We contrasted microbiomes in bulk soil under long-term organic and conventional management in a grain production setting. Management category significantly impacted the relative abundances of 17% of the most abundant taxa. Both conventional and organic management favored particular taxa, but these effects were not reflected in summary richness and diversity indices. Management systems also lead to differences in soil edaphic properties, including pH and nutrient status; this may have been the mechanism by which change in the prokaryote community was enacted. Community change between years of sampling was less pronounced, with only 6 taxa differentially abundant among years. Management category also impacted the abundance of functional genes related to the production and consumption of greenhouse gases. Particulate methane monooxygenase genes were more frequent in soil under organic management, while soluble methane monooxygenase genes were more frequent in soil under conventional management in 1 of 2 years. Nitrous oxide reductase genes were significantly less abundant in soils under second-year alfalfa than in soils under corn. This work highlights the ability of agricultural management to enact broad rearrangements to the structure of bulk soil bacterial communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4166 , 1480-3275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0134
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 280534-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481972-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Horizontal Gene Transfer and Acquired Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg following In Vitro Incubation in Broiler Ceca
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2019
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 85, No. 22 ( 2019-11-15)
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 85, No. 22 ( 2019-11-15)
    Abstract: The chicken gastrointestinal tract harbors microorganisms that play a role in the health and disease status of the host. The cecum is the part of the gut that carries the highest microbial densities, has the longest residence time of digesta, and is a vital site for urea recycling and water regulation. Therefore, the cecum provides a rich environment for bacteria to horizontally transfer genes between one another via mobile genetic elements such as plasmids and bacteriophages. In this study, we used broiler chicken cecum as a model to investigate antibiotic resistance genes that can be transferred in vitro from cecal flora to Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg. We used whole-genome sequencing and resistome enrichment to decipher the interactions between S . Heidelberg, the gut microbiome, and acquired antibiotic resistance. After 48 h of incubation of ceca under microaerophilic conditions, we recovered one S . Heidelberg isolate with an acquired IncK2 plasmid (88 kb) carrying an extended-spectrum-β-lactamase gene ( bla CMY-2 ). In vitro , this plasmid was transferable between Escherichia coli and S . Heidelberg strains but transfer was unsuccessful between S . Heidelberg strains. An in-depth genetic characterization of transferred plasmids suggests that they share significant homology with P1-like phages. This study contributes to our understanding of horizontal gene transfer between an important foodborne pathogen and the chicken gut microbiome. IMPORTANCE S. Heidelberg is a clinically important serovar, linked to foodborne illness and among the top 5 serovars isolated from poultry in the United States and Canada. Acquisition of new genetic material from the microbial flora in the gastrointestinal tract of food animals, including broilers, may contribute to increased fitness of pathogens like S. Heidelberg and may increase their level of antibiotic tolerance. Therefore, it is critical to gain a better understanding of the interactions that occur between important pathogens and the commensals present in the animal gut and other agroecosystems. In this report, we show that the native flora in broiler ceca were capable of transferring mobile genetic elements carrying the AmpC β-lactamase ( bla CMY-2 ) gene to an important foodborne pathogen, S . Heidelberg. The potential role for bacteriophage transduction is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01903-19
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
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    Deciphering the Association between Campylobacter Colonization and Microbiota Composition in the Intestine of Commercial Broilers
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2023-06-30), p. 1724-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2023-06-30), p. 1724-
    Abstract: Campylobacter is a major food safety concern and is transmitted mainly via poultry meat. We previously found that some commercial broiler farms consistently produced Campylobacter-negative flocks while others were consistently Campylobacter-positive for consecutive production cycles although the farms operated under similar management practices. We hypothesized that this difference in Campylobacter colonization might be associated with the gut microbiota composition. To address this, six commercial broiler farms were selected based on their Campylobacter status (three negative and three positive) to evaluate the microbiota differences between each farm category. For each farm on each production cycle (2–3 cycles), 40 ceca collected from five-week-old broilers were processed for microbiota analysis via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Cecal microbiota species richness, phylogenetic diversity, community structure, and composition of Campylobacter-positive farms were noticeably different from those of Campylobacter-negative farms. Rikenella, Methanocorpusculum, Barnesiella, Parasutterella, and Helicobacter were significantly more abundant among Campylobacter-positive farms. In contrast, Ruminococcaceae, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Eggerthellaceae, Lactobacillus, Monoglobus, and Blausia were more abundant in Campylobacter-negative farms. Eggerthellaceae, Clostridia, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillus, Monoglobus, and Parabacteroides were significantly negatively correlated with Campylobacter abundance. These findings suggest that specific members of cecal microbiota may influence Campylobacter colonization in commercial broilers and may be further explored to control Campylobacter in poultry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071724
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 7
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    In-feed antibiotic effects on the swine intestinal microbiome
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2012
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 109, No. 5 ( 2012-01-31), p. 1691-1696
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, No. 5 ( 2012-01-31), p. 1691-1696
    Abstract: Antibiotics have been administered to agricultural animals for disease treatment, disease prevention, and growth promotion for over 50 y. The impact of such antibiotic use on the treatment of human diseases is hotly debated. We raised pigs in a highly controlled environment, with one portion of the littermates receiving a diet containing performance-enhancing antibiotics [chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, and penicillin (known as ASP250)] and the other portion receiving the same diet but without the antibiotics. We used phylogenetic, metagenomic, and quantitative PCR-based approaches to address the impact of antibiotics on the swine gut microbiota. Bacterial phylotypes shifted after 14 d of antibiotic treatment, with the medicated pigs showing an increase in Proteobacteria (1–11%) compared with nonmedicated pigs at the same time point. This shift was driven by an increase in Escherichia coli populations. Analysis of the metagenomes showed that microbial functional genes relating to energy production and conversion were increased in the antibiotic-fed pigs. The results also indicate that antibiotic resistance genes increased in abundance and diversity in the medicated swine microbiome despite a high background of resistance genes in nonmedicated swine. Some enriched genes, such as aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferases, confer resistance to antibiotics that were not administered in this study, demonstrating the potential for indirect selection of resistance to classes of antibiotics not fed. The collateral effects of feeding subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics to agricultural animals are apparent and must be considered in cost-benefit analyses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1120238109
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Turicibacter bilis sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the chicken eggshell and swine ileum
    Microbiology Society ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology Vol. 72, No. 1 ( 2022-01-27)
    Details
    In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, Microbiology Society, Vol. 72, No. 1 ( 2022-01-27)
    Abstract: Three novel, anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from the eggshell of two separate white leghorn chicken flocks and the ileum of a healthy pig, and designated MMM721 T , ISU324 and PIG517 respectively. Cells were pleomorphic and capable of forming long chains of rods or coccoid clusters. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences identified these strains to be within the genus Turicibacter , of which only one species, Turicibacter sanguinis , has been formally described. However, whole genome sequencing of novel isolates returned a digital DNA–DNA hybridization value of 22.5 % and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of 76.4 % (ANIb) and 86.0 % (ANIm), indicating divergence between the type strain MMM721 T and T. sanguinis , suggesting the strains represented a novel species. The major fatty acid methyl esters of strain MMM721 T were C 16 : 0 , C 18 : 1  ω7 c and C 18 : 0 . The strains mainly produced the volatile fatty acid lactate, along with smaller amounts of acetate and butyrate. Together, these data indicate that MMM721 T , along with ISU324 and PIG517, represent a novel species within the genus Turicibacter . We propose the name Turicibacter bilis sp. nov. for the species. The type strain is MMM721 T (=ATCC TSD-238 T =CCUG 74757 T ).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1466-5026 , 1466-5034
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005153
    Language: English
    Publisher: Microbiology Society
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 215062-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2056611-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Megasphaera stantonii sp. nov., a butyrate-producing bacterium isolated from the cecum of a healthy chicken
    Microbiology Society ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology Vol. 68, No. 11 ( 2018-11-01), p. 3409-3415
    Details
    In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, Microbiology Society, Vol. 68, No. 11 ( 2018-11-01), p. 3409-3415
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1466-5026 , 1466-5034
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002991
    Language: English
    Publisher: Microbiology Society
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 215062-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2056611-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Antibiotics in Feed Induce Prophages in Swine Fecal Microbiomes
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2011
    In:  mBio Vol. 2, No. 6 ( 2011-12-30)
    Details
    In: mBio, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 2, No. 6 ( 2011-12-30)
    Abstract: This study advances our knowledge of the collateral effects of in-feed antibiotics at a time in which the widespread use of “growth-promoting” antibiotics in agriculture is under scrutiny. Using comparative metagenomics, we show that prophages are induced by in-feed antibiotics in swine fecal microbiomes and that antibiotic resistance genes were detected in most viromes. This suggests that in-feed antibiotics are contributing to phage-mediated gene transfer, potentially of antibiotic resistance genes, in the swine gut. Additionally, the so-called “kill-the-winner” model of phage-bacterium population dynamics has been shown in aquatic ecosystems but met with conflicting evidence in gut ecosystems. The data support the idea that swine fecal Streptococcus bacteria and their phages follow the kill-the-winner model. Understanding the role of phages in gut microbial ecology is an essential component of the antibiotic resistance problem and of developing potential mitigation strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2161-2129 , 2150-7511
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00260-11
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2557172-2
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