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  • 1
    In: Austral Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 45, No. 2 ( 2020-04), p. 215-228
    Abstract: Current predictions about the responses of species to climate change strongly rely on projecting altered environmental conditions on their distributions. In this study, we investigated the effects of future climate change scenarios on the potential distribution of 10 species of scorpions in north‐eastern Brazil in the context of their degree of specialisation to closed (Atlantic and Amazon Forests) and open (Caatinga and Cerrado) habitats. Scorpion species were classified as habitat specialists or generalists according to the IndVal index, and present and future species distribution models were prepared using minimum volume ellipsoids. According to IndVal, four species were classified as closed‐forest specialists ( Ananteris mauryi , Tityus brazilae , Tityus pusillus and Tityus neglectus ), four as open‐forest specialists ( Jaguajir agamemnon , Jaguajir rochae , Physoctonus debilis and Bothriurus rochai ), and two as generalists ( Tityus stigmurus and Bothriurus asper ). All species presented a drastic reduction in potential distribution, ranging from 44% to 72%, when compared with their current distribution. In addition, we found a reduction in scorpion species richness under future climate change scenarios. This finding has implications for scorpion conservation. Further, the results show that climate change may impact the composition of scorpion assemblages in north‐eastern Brazil, revealing important implications for human–scorpion interactions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1442-9985 , 1442-9993
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
    In: Ecological Research, Wiley, Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 2010-09), p. 947-957
    Abstract: A thorough understanding of biodiversity status and trends through time is necessary for decision‐making at regional, national, and subnational levels. Information readily available in databases allows for development of scenarios of species distribution in relation to habitat changes. Existing species occurrence data are biased towards some taxonomic groups (especially vertebrates), and are more complete for Europe and North America than for the rest of the world. We outline a procedure for development of such biodiversity scenarios using available data on species distribution derived from primary biodiversity data and habitat conditions, and analytical software, which allows estimation of species’ distributions, and forecasting of likely effects of various agents of change on the distribution and status of the same species. Such approaches can translate into improved knowledge for countries regarding the 2010 Biodiversity Target of reducing significantly the rate of biodiversity loss—indeed, using methodologies such as those illustrated herein, many countries should be capable of analyzing trends of change for at least part of their biodiversity. Sources of errors that are present in primary biodiversity data and that can affect projections are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0912-3814 , 1440-1703
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 3
    In: Diversity and Distributions, Wiley, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2007-03), p. 185-195
    Abstract: Different sources of information about biodiversity may lead to unrealistic or biased estimation of its components, with different patterns according to the scale of analysis. In this study, we analyse patterns of species richness at the local (average alpha) and regional (gamma) scales, and the relationship between them (Whittaker's beta), in central Mexico, using as a source of data for the species’ distributions: (1) museum specimen occurrence data for birds, and (2) distribution maps based on ecological niche models developed and refined by experts. We performed analyses at five spatial resolutions (1/32°−1/2°). Scale changes (grain and extent) affected significantly the estimates of average alpha, gamma, and beta. Use of raw occurrence data vs. distribution maps yielded contrasting results, with raw data underestimating alpha and overestimating beta, as functions of area. As regards species–area relationships, our results suggest a natural decomposition of factors into an area‐invariant component (related to alpha), and an area dependent factor (related to beta). Most of our results are maintained in a null model that randomizes occurrences without changing observed range‐size distributions. From this result we argue that average alpha and Whittaker's beta capture little information about the spatial covariation of species distribution patterns.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1366-9516 , 1472-4642
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 4
    In: American Journal of Botany, Wiley, Vol. 102, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 149-164
    Abstract: • Premise of the study: A recurrent explanation for phylogeographic discontinuities in the Baja California Peninsula and the Sonoran Desert Region has been the association of vicariant events with Pliocene and Pleistocene seaway breaks. Nevertheless, despite its relevance for plant dispersal, other explanations such as ecological and paleoclimatic factors have received little attention. Here, we analyzed the role of several of these factors to describe the phylogeographic patterns of the desert mistletoe, Phoradendron californicum . • Methods: Using noncoding chloroplast regions, we assess the marginal probability of 19 a priori hypotheses related to geological and ecological factors to predict the cpDNA variation in P. californicum using a Bayesian coalescent framework. Complementarily, we used the macrofossil record and niche model projections on Last Glacial Maximum climatic conditions for hosts, mistletoe, and a bird specialist to interpret phylogeographic patterns. • Key results: Genealogical reconstructions revealed five clades, which suggest a combination of cryptic divergence, long‐distance seed dispersal, and isolating postdivergence events. Bayesian hypothesis test favored a series of Pliocene and Pleistocene geological events related to the formation of the Baja California Peninsula and seaways across the peninsula as the most supported explanation for this genealogical pattern. However, age estimates, niche projections, and fossil records show dynamic host–mistletoe interactions and evidence of host races, indicating that ecological and geological factors have been interacting during the formation and structuring of phylogeographic divergence. • Conclusions: Variation in cpDNA across the species range results from the interplay of vicariant events, past climatic oscillations, and more dynamic factors related to ecological processes at finer temporal and spatial scales.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9122 , 1537-2197
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    California Digital Library (CDL) ; 2013
    In:  Frontiers of Biogeography Vol. 5, No. 3 ( 2013-10-04)
    In: Frontiers of Biogeography, California Digital Library (CDL), Vol. 5, No. 3 ( 2013-10-04)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1948-6596
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: California Digital Library (CDL)
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 6
    In: Journal of Fish Biology, Wiley, Vol. 99, No. 2 ( 2021-08), p. 396-410
    Abstract: The family Profundulidae is a group of small‐sized fish species distributed between southern Mexico and Honduras, where they are frequently the only fish representatives at higher elevations in the basins where they occur. We characterized their ecological niche using different methods and metrics drawn from niche modelling and by re‐examining phylogenetic relationships of a recently published molecular phylogeny of this family to gain a better understanding of its biogeographic and evolutionary history. We assessed both lines of evidence from the perspective of niche conservatism to set a foundation for discussing hypotheses about the processes underlying the distribution and evolution of the group. In fish clades where the species composition is not clear, we examined whether niche classification could be informative to discriminate groups geographically and ecologically consistent with any of the different hypotheses of valid species. The characterization of the ecological niche was carried out using the Maxent algorithm under different parameterizations and the projection of the presence on the main components of the most relevant environmental coverage, and the niche comparison was calculated with two indices (D and I), both in environmental space and in that projected geographically. With the molecular data, a species tree was generated using the *BEAST method. The comparison of these data was calculated with an age‐overlap correlation test. Based on the molecular phylogeny and on niche overlap analyses, we uncovered strong evidence to support the idea that ecologically similar species are not necessarily sister species. The correlation analysis for genetic distance and niche overlap was not significant ( P   〉  0.05). In clades with taxonomic conflicts, we only identified Profundulus oaxacae as a geographically and ecologically distinct group from P. punctatus . All the evidence considered leads us to propose that Profundulidae do not show evidence of niche conservatism and that there are reasons to consider P. oaxacae as a valid species. Our study suggests that niche divergence is a driving evolutionary force that caused the diversification and speciation processes of the Profundulidae, along with the geological and climatic events that promoted the expansion or contraction of suitable environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1112 , 1095-8649
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
    In: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2020-10), p. 1199-1206
    Abstract: Los estudios de biodiversidad dependen en gran medida de las estimaciones de las distribuciones de especies obtenidas a menudo a través de modelos de nicho ecológico. Existen numerosos paquetes de software diseñados para modelar nichos ecológicos y proyectar proyectar áreas de distribución potenciales utilizando técnicas de aprendizaje automático y métodos estadísticos. Sin embargo, ningún paquete cuenta con una interfaz gráfica que permite a los usuarios realizar calibraciones y selección de modelos (i.e. buscar el modelo con el mejor rendimiento) de modelos basadas en formas convexas como los elipsoides, estos pueden coincidir mejor con las formas del nicho ecológico fundamental, incorporando herramientas para explorar, modelar y evaluar nichos y distribuciones que son intuitivas tanto para principiantes como para usuarios expertos. Aquí describimos un paquete de r , N iche T ool B ox ( ntbox ), que permite a los usuarios realizar todos los pasos de procesamiento involucrados en el modelado de nicho ecológico: descargar y curar datos de presencia, obtener y transformar capas de datos ambientales, seleccionar variables ambientales, explorar relaciones entre los espacios geográfico y ecológico, calibrar y seleccionar modelos de elipsoides, evaluar modelos utilizando pruebas ROC binomiales y parciales, evaluar el riesgo de extrapolación y realizar operaciones de sistemas de información geográfica a través de una interfaz gráfica. Además, se puede generar un resumen de todo el flujo de trabajo para su uso como algoritmo independiente o como parte de informes de investigación. El método se explica en detalle y se prueba mediante el modelado de la especie de felino amenazada Leopardus wiedii . Los datos de presencia georreferenciados para esta especie se muestran de manera puntual y con el polígono de la UICN. Esta información se utiliza para ilustrar las herramientas disponibles para acceder, procesar y explorar datos de biodiversidad (e.g. número de puntos y cronología de recolección) y la transformación de datos ambientales (e.g. un PCA resumido para 19 capas bioclimáticas). También se muestran visualizaciones de nichos ecológicos tridimensionales modelados como elipsoides de volumen mínimo y sus estadísticas. Finalmente, el modelo de nicho se proyecta al espacio geográfico, para representar un mapa de idoneidad potencial correspondiente. El uso de ntbox permite un medio rápido y directo para recuperar y manipular datos de localidades de presencia y ambientales, que luego se pueden utilizar en la calibración, proyección y evaluación del modelo para estimar las distribuciones de especies en el espacio geográfico y sus correspondientes combinaciones ambientales.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-210X , 2041-210X
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ; 2014
    In:  Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Vol. 85, No. 3 ( 2014-09), p. 918-930
    In: Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Vol. 85, No. 3 ( 2014-09), p. 918-930
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1870-3453
    Language: English
    Publisher: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ; 2020
    In:  Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Vol. 91, No. 0 ( 2020-02-11)
    In: Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Vol. 91, No. 0 ( 2020-02-11)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2007-8706 , 1870-3453
    URL: Issue
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
    Publication Date: 2020
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    SSG: 7,36
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Informa UK Limited ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 2023-07-04), p. 485-499
    In: International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 2023-07-04), p. 485-499
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1350-4509 , 1745-2627
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2023
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