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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agreement Between 24-Hour Salt Ingestion and Sodium Excretion in a Controlled Environment
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2015
    In:  Hypertension Vol. 66, No. 4 ( 2015-10), p. 850-857
    Details
    In: Hypertension, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 66, No. 4 ( 2015-10), p. 850-857
    Abstract: Accurately collected 24-hour urine collections are presumed to be valid for estimating salt intake in individuals. We performed 2 independent ultralong-term salt balance studies lasting 105 (4 men) and 205 (6 men) days in 10 men simulating a flight to Mars. We controlled dietary intake of all constituents for months at salt intakes of 12, 9, and 6 g/d and collected all urine. The subjects’ daily menus consisted of 27 279 individual servings, of which 83.0% were completely consumed, 16.5% completely rejected, and 0.5% incompletely consumed. Urinary recovery of dietary salt was 92% of recorded intake, indicating long-term steady-state sodium balance in both studies. Even at fixed salt intake, 24-hour urine collection for sodium excretion (UNaV) showed infradian rhythmicity. We defined a ±25 mmol deviation from the average difference between recorded sodium intake and UNaV as the prediction interval to accurately classify a 3-g difference in salt intake. Because of the biological variability in UNaV, only every other daily urine sample correctly classified a 3-g difference in salt intake (49%). By increasing the observations to 3 consecutive 24-hour collections and sodium intakes, classification accuracy improved to 75%. Collecting seven 24-hour urines and sodium intake samples improved classification accuracy to 92%. We conclude that single 24-hour urine collections at intakes ranging from 6 to 12 g salt per day were not suitable to detect a 3-g difference in individual salt intake. Repeated measurements of 24-hour UNaV improve precision. This knowledge could be relevant to patient care and the conduct of intervention trials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0194-911X , 1524-4563
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05851
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2094210-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Abstract 326: Salt Intake, Drinking Behavior, And The Body Corporate
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2014
    In:  Hypertension Vol. 64, No. suppl_1 ( 2014-09)
    Details
    In: Hypertension, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 64, No. suppl_1 ( 2014-09)
    Abstract: Clinical practice and public health advice on salt consumption relies on the generally accepted notion that accurately collected 24-hour urine collections are valid estimates for salt and fluid intake. Reduced salt intake would also reduce thirst and ingestion of sugary drinks accordingly. To test these widely accepted ideas, we performed two independent ultra-long term salt balance studies lasting 105 and 205 days in 10 men simulating a flight to Mars. We fixed dietary intake of all constituents for months at salt intakes of 6, 9, and 12 grams per day and collected all urine. We controlled all environmental factors for rigorous quantitative comparison of urine volume and salt excretion with daily fluid and salt intake. In 1646 collected 24-hour urine samples, our ten subjects recovered 92% of salt they ingested. Due to infradian rhythmical renal salt excretion, only 781 out of 1646 daily urine samples correctly classified a 3 g difference in salt intake (47%). Reducing salt intake from 12 to 6 g reduced 24-hour cortisone excretion (78.3±19.6 vs. 67.2±19.3 μg/d; P 〈 0.001) and increased water intake by 299 ml/d due to reduced glucocorticoid-driven metabolic water production. Even accurately collected 24-hour urine collections at intakes ranging from 6-12 grams salt per day provide no reliable information on individual salt intake. Reducing salt intake leads to reduced glucocorticoid levels decreased metabolic water production and a counterintuitive increase in fluid intake. Traditional views on fluid and electrolyte homeostasis may lead to misinterpretations in clinical practice, public health research, and policy-decision making.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0194-911X , 1524-4563
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/hyp.64.suppl_1.326
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2094210-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
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    A novel mutation A212T in chloroplast Protoporphyrinogen oxidase ( PPO1 ) confers resistance to PPO inhibitor Oxadiazon in Eleusine indica
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Pest Management Science Vol. 76, No. 5 ( 2020-05), p. 1786-1794
    Details
    In: Pest Management Science, Wiley, Vol. 76, No. 5 ( 2020-05), p. 1786-1794
    Abstract: Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) with two isoforms, chloroplast‐targeted ( PPO1 ) and mitochondrial‐targeted ( PPO2 ), catalyzes a step in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and heme. PPO1 and PPO2 are herbicide target sites of PPO‐inhibiting herbicides. Target‐site mutations conferring resistance to PPO inhibitors have all thus far been in PPO2. Oxadiazon is a unique PPO inhibitor utilized for preemergence Eleusine indica control. In this research, we evaluated the response of two previously confirmed oxadiazon‐resistant and susceptible E. indica biotypes to other PPO inhibitors and identified the resistance mechanism in two oxadiazon‐resistant E. indica biotypes. RESULTS Two E. indica biotypes were resistant to oxadiazon, but not to other structurally unrelated PPO inhibitors, such as lactofen, flumioxazin and sulfentrazone. A novel mutation A212T was identified in the chloroplast‐targeted PPO1 , conferring resistance to oxadiazon in a heterologous expression system. Computational structural modeling provided a mechanistic explanation for reduced herbicide binding to the variant protein: the presence of a methyl group of threonine 212 changes the PPO1 active site and produces repulsive electrostatic interactions that repel oxadiazon from the binding pocket. CONCLUSION The novel A212T mutation in PPO1 conferring resistance specifically to PPO inhibitor oxadiazon was characterized. This is the first evidence of the direct role of PPO1 in the PPO mode of action, and the first evidence of evolved resistance in PPO1 . © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1526-498X , 1526-4998
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ps.v76.5
    DOI: 10.1002/ps.5703
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003455-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Impaired Photoassimilate Partitioning Caused by Phloem-Specific Removal of Pyrophosphate Can Be Complemented by a Phloem-Specific Cytosolic Yeast-Derived Invertase in Transgenic Plants
    JSTOR ; 1995
    In:  The Plant Cell Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 1995-03), p. 259-
    Details
    In: The Plant Cell, JSTOR, Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 1995-03), p. 259-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1040-4651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2307/3869849
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: JSTOR
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 623171-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004373-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Assessment of Efficacy and Mechanism of Resistance to Soil-Applied PPO Inhibitors in Amaranthus palmeri
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-02-18), p. 592-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-02-18), p. 592-
    Abstract: Resistance to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors in Palmer amaranth is a major concern, given the high selection pressure and increasing number of populations with reduced sensitivity to PPO herbicides in the US. We evaluated the effect of five soil-applied herbicides on Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) populations collected in 2014 and 2015 in Arkansas, USA. Soil-applied saflufenacil, sulfentrazone, and flumioxazin reduced the seedling emergence 91–100%; however, fomesafen and oxyfluorfen showed reduced (63–90%) efficacy on some populations. Target-site mutation (TSM) is the major mechanism of resistance to PPO herbicides; therefore, six populations showing resistance to soil-applied fomesafen were selected for molecular investigations. A total of 81 survivors were genotyped for all known resistance-conferring mutations. A total of 64% and 36% survivors had single and double TSMs, respectively, with 69% of plants carrying TSM in both alleles of PPO2. Three survivors from two populations showed an additional copy of PPO2, whereas all other survivors had one copy. Expression analysis showed 3- to 6-fold upregulation of PPO2 in all plants from resistant populations tested. Transgenic overexpression of WT-ApPPO2 and dG210-Apppo2 in A. thaliana confirmed the reduced sensitivity to soil-applied fomesafen compared to the wild type. Collectively, PPO inhibitors applied pre-emergence are still effective in controlling populations resistant to foliar-applied PPO herbicides. Mechanically, elevated expression of resistant PPO2, alongside functional TSM, contribute to reduced sensitivity to soil-applied fomesafen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13020592
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 6
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    Resistance Profile of Trifludimoxazin: A New Potent Ppo-Inhibiting Herbicide to Combat Target-Site Resistance in Amaranth
    Elsevier BV ; 2022
    In:  SSRN Electronic Journal
    Details
    In: SSRN Electronic Journal, Elsevier BV
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-5068
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4053640
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Involvement of glutamine synthetase 2 (GS2) amplification and overexpression in Amaranthus palmeri resistance to glufosinate
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Planta Vol. 256, No. 3 ( 2022-09)
    Details
    In: Planta, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 256, No. 3 ( 2022-09)
    Abstract: Amplification and overexpression of the target site glutamine synthetase, specifically the plastid-located isoform, confers resistance to glufosinate in Amaranthus palmeri . This mechanism is novel among glufosinate-resistant weeds. Abstract Amaranthus palmeri has recently evolved resistance to glufosinate herbicide. Several A. palmeri populations from Missouri and Mississippi, U.S.A. had survivors when sprayed with glufosinate-ammonium (GFA, 657 g ha −1 ). One population, MO#2 (fourfold resistant) and its progeny (sixfold resistant), were used to study the resistance mechanism, focusing on the herbicide target glutamine synthetase (GS). We identified four GS genes in A. palmeri ; three were transcribed: one coding for the plastidic protein ( GS2 ) and two coding for cytoplasmic isoforms ( GS1.1 and GS1.2 ). These isoforms did not contain mutations associated with resistance. The 17 glufosinate survivors studied showed up to 21-fold increase in GS2 copies. GS2 was expressed up to 190-fold among glufosinate survivors. GS1.1 was overexpressed  〉  twofold in only 3 of 17, and GS1.2 in 2 of 17 survivors. GS inhibition by GFA causes ammonia accumulation in susceptible plants. Ammonia level was analyzed in 12 F1 plants. GS2 expression was negatively correlated with ammonia level ( r  =  – 0.712); therefore, plants with higher GS2 expression are less sensitive to GFA. The operating efficiency of photosystem II (ϕPSII) of Nicotiana benthamiana overexpressing GS2 was four times less inhibited by GFA compared to control plants. Therefore, increased copy and overexpression of GS2 confer resistance to GFA in A. palmeri (or other plants). We present novel understanding of the role of GS2 in resistance evolution to glufosinate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0032-0935 , 1432-2048
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03968-2
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463030-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Standing genetic variation fuels rapid evolution of herbicide resistance in blackgrass
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2023
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 120, No. 16 ( 2023-04-18)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 120, No. 16 ( 2023-04-18)
    Abstract: Repeated herbicide applications in agricultural fields exert strong selection on weeds such as blackgrass ( Alopecurus myosuroides ), which is a major threat for temperate climate cereal crops. This inadvertent selection pressure provides an opportunity for investigating the underlying genetic mechanisms and evolutionary processes of rapid adaptation, which can occur both through mutations in the direct targets of herbicides and through changes in other, often metabolic, pathways, known as non-target-site resistance. How much target-site resistance (TSR) relies on de novo mutations vs. standing variation is important for developing strategies to manage herbicide resistance. We first generated a chromosome-level reference genome for A. myosuroides for population genomic studies of herbicide resistance and genome-wide diversity across Europe in this species. Next, through empirical data in the form of highly accurate long-read amplicons of alleles encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) variants, we showed that most populations with resistance due to TSR mutations—23 out of 27 and six out of nine populations for ACCase and ALS , respectively—contained at least two TSR haplotypes, indicating that soft sweeps are the norm. Finally, through forward-in-time simulations, we inferred that TSR is likely to mainly result from standing genetic variation, with only a minor role for de novo mutations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206808120
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    New Insight into Phaeodactylum tricornutum Fatty Acid Metabolism. Cloning and Functional Characterization of Plastidial and Microsomal Δ12-Fatty Acid Desaturases,
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2003
    In:  Plant Physiology Vol. 131, No. 4 ( 2003-04-01), p. 1648-1660
    Details
    In: Plant Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 131, No. 4 ( 2003-04-01), p. 1648-1660
    Abstract: In contrast to 16:3 plants like rapeseed (Brassica napus), which contain α-linolenic acid (18:3Δ  9,12,15) and hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3Δ  7,10,13) as major polyunsaturated fatty acids in leaves, the silica-less diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum contains eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5Δ  5,8,11,14,17) and a different isomer of hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3Δ  6,9,12). In this report, we describe the characterization of two cDNAs having sequence homology to Δ12-fatty acid desaturases from higher plants. These cDNAs were shown to code for a microsomal and a plastidial Δ12-desaturase (PtFAD2 and PtFAD6, respectively) by heterologous expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) andSynechococcus, respectively. Using these systems in the presence of exogenously supplied fatty acids, the substrate specificities of the two desaturases were determined and compared with those of the corresponding rapeseed enzymes (BnFAD2 and BnFAD6). The microsomal desaturases were similarly specific for oleic acid (18:1Δ  9), suggesting that PtFAD2 is involved in the biosynthesis of EPA. In contrast, the plastidial desaturase from the higher plant and the diatom clearly differed. Although the rapeseed plastidial desaturase showed high activity toward the ω9-fatty acids 18:1Δ  9 and 16:1Δ  7, in line with the fatty acid composition of rapeseed leaves, the enzyme of P. tricornutum was highly specific for 16:1Δ  9. Our results indicate that in contrast to EPA, which is synthesized in the microsomes, the hexadecatrienoic acid isomer found in P. tricornutum(16:3Δ  6,9,12) is of plastidial origin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1532-2548 , 0032-0889
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1104/pp.102.018317
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004346-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208914-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Cinmethylin controls multiple herbicide‐resistant Lolium rigidum and its wheat selectivity is P450‐based
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Pest Management Science Vol. 76, No. 8 ( 2020-08), p. 2601-2608
    Details
    In: Pest Management Science, Wiley, Vol. 76, No. 8 ( 2020-08), p. 2601-2608
    Abstract: Multiple‐herbicide resistance in Lolium rigidum and other weed species is increasingly exerting pressure on herbicide discovery research for solutions against resistance‐prone weeds. In this study we investigate: (i) the responses of L. rigidum populations and wheat to the new herbicide cinmethylin in comparison with other pre‐emergence herbicides, (ii) the effect of seed burial depths on cinmethylin efficacy and crop selectivity, and (iii) the basis of cinmethylin selectivity in wheat. RESULTS Cinmethylin at 400 g ha −1 controls herbicide‐susceptible and multiple‐resistant L. rigidum , with a reduction of 〉 85% in plant emergence and 90% in aboveground biomass. Cinmethylin provides effective control of a large number of field populations of L. rigidum with evident resistance to trifluralin. When the wheat seed is buried ≥1 cm below the cinmethylin‐treated soil surface, the emergence of crop seedlings is not different from the untreated control. The organophosphate insecticide phorate synergizes cinmethylin toxicity in wheat, with an LD 50 of 682 g ha −1 in the absence of phorate versus 109 g ha −1 in the presence of phorate (84% reduction). The synergistic effect of phorate with cinmethylin on herbicide‐susceptible L. rigidum appears smaller (a 44% reduction in the LD 50 of cinmethylin). CONCLUSIONS Cinmethylin is effective in controlling multiple‐resistant L. rigidum and appears safe for wheat when the seed is separated at depth from the herbicide applied to the soil surface. The basis of this metabolism‐based selectivity is likely regulated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1526-498X , 1526-4998
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ps.v76.8
    DOI: 10.1002/ps.5798
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003455-6
    SSG: 12
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