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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Changes in prevalence of cognitive impairment and associated risk factors 2000–2015 in São Paulo, Brazil
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  BMC Geriatrics Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Geriatrics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: Decreases in prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia over the last two decades have been observed in different countries for cohorts entering older age. This study aimed to assess the cognitive impairment prevalence and explore associated factors among subjects aged 〉 60 living in São Paulo, Brazil. Method Data came from a population-based Health, Welfare and Aging survey conducted in 2000, 2006, 2010, and 2015. Cognitive impairment was detected using the abbreviated Mini-Mental State Exam corrected by formal education years. In total, there were 5922 respondents in the statistical analyses. Results Logistic regression models adjusted for age group, income, race, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression were used to estimate cognitive impairment prevalence. Between 2015 and 2000, respondents were more likely to report formal education, hypertension, diabetes, and overweight/obesity. Moreover, the weighted analyses showed that cognitive impairment prevalence was higher in 2015, even adjusting for sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression. Conclusion In contrast to decreases in cognitive impairment prevalence in other countries and despite increases in educational years, our findings suggest no secular improvements in cognitive health for the 2015 wave of older adults residing in São Paulo.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2318
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02542-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2059865-8
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  • 2
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    Increases in wellbeing in the transition to retirement for the unemployed: catching up with formerly employed persons
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2019
    In:  Ageing and Society Vol. 39, No. 2 ( 2019-02), p. 254-276
    Details
    In: Ageing and Society, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 39, No. 2 ( 2019-02), p. 254-276
    Abstract: This paper examines the extent to which wellbeing levels change in the transition to retirement depending on transitioning from being employed, unemployed or economically inactive. Whereas transitioning from employment to unemployment has been found to cause a decrease in subjective wellbeing with more time spent in unemployment, it is not clear how transitioning from unemployment to retirement affects wellbeing levels. We use the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe to monitor the life satisfaction of respondents who retire in between two waves. We portray wellbeing scores before and after retirement and then identify the change in life satisfaction during the retirement transition using a First Difference model. Results indicate that being unemployed before retirement is associated with an increase in life satisfaction, but presents mainly a catching-up effect compared to employed persons transitioning to retirement. These results are still significant if we control for selection into unemployment and country differences. Retirement from labour market inactivity does not lead to significant changes in wellbeing. As the wellbeing of unemployed persons recovers after transitioning to retirement, especially the currently unemployed population should be supported to prevent detrimental consequences of economically unfavourable conditions and lower wellbeing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0144-686X , 1469-1779
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X17000976
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499942-0
    SSG: 3,4
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  • 3
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    Contributions of modifiable risk factors to increased dementia risk in depression
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  Psychological Medicine
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Abstract: Individuals with depression have an increased dementia risk, which might be due to modifiable risk factors for dementia. This study investigated the extent to which the increased risk for dementia in depression is explained by modifiable dementia risk factors. Methods We used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2008–2009 to 2018–2019), a prospective cohort study. A total of 7460 individuals were included [mean(standard deviation) age, 65.7 ± 9.4 years; 3915(54.7%) were women]. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-8 (score ≥3) or self-reported doctor's diagnosis. Ten modifiable risk factors for dementia were combined in the ‘LIfestyle for BRAin health’ (LIBRA) score. Dementia was determined by physician diagnosis, self-reported Alzheimer's disease or the shortened version of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (average score ≥3.38). Structural equation modelling was used to test mediation of LIBRA score. Results During 61 311 person-years, 306 individuals (4.1%) developed dementia. Participants aged 50–70 years with depressive symptoms had higher LIBRA scores [difference( s.e. ) = 1.15(0.10)] and a 3.59 times increased dementia risk [HR(95% CI) = 3.59(2.20–5.84)] , adjusted for age, sex, education, wealth and clustering at the household level. In total, 10.4% of the dementia risk was mediated by differences in LIBRA score [indirect effect: HR = 1.14(1.03–1.26)], while 89.6% was attributed to a direct effect of depressive symptoms on dementia risk [direct effect: HR = 3.14(2.20–5.84)] . Conclusions Modifiable dementia risk factors can be important targets for the prevention of dementia in individuals with depressive symptoms during midlife. Yet, effect sizes are small and other aetiological pathways likely exist.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291722003968
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 4
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    Social Media Use of Older Adults: A Mini-Review
    S. Karger AG ; 2013
    In:  Gerontology Vol. 59, No. 4 ( 2013), p. 378-384
    Details
    In: Gerontology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 59, No. 4 ( 2013), p. 378-384
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Maintaining social relationships has been defined as a core element of aging well. With a considerable amount of older adults living alone, social media provides the possibility to engage in meaningful social contact, e.g. by joining online social networks and online discussion forums. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Objective: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The review encompasses current knowledge of prerequisites in social media use of older adults such as functional capacity, information and communications technology-related knowledge, and favorable attitudes towards social media. Then, the potential of social media use for clinical practice and possible negative consequences are outlined. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Method: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Literature on social media use from a gerontological perspective was reviewed in July and August 2012. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Online communities are suitable for providing and receiving social support when confronted with a difficult life situation, regardless of geographical location or time. From a practitioner's perspective, social media can be used to advance health-related knowledge such as information on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of specific conditions and disorders. Further positive consequences have been shown to be overcoming loneliness, relieving stress, and raising feelings of control and self-efficacy. Possible negative consequences could be misuse of personal data as well as the distribution and uncritical adoption of potentially harmful information via online communities. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Discussion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The potential of social media in clinical practice is reflected in a wide range of intervention possibilities for older adults. However, with the rise of social media, new threats emerge for older adults as well.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0304-324X , 1423-0003
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000346818
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482689-6
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  • 5
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    Validation of a Parkinson's disease questionnaire-39-based functional mobility composite score (FMCS) in people with Parkinson's disease
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Parkinsonism & Related Disorders Vol. 112 ( 2023-07), p. 105442-
    Details
    In: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, Elsevier BV, Vol. 112 ( 2023-07), p. 105442-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1353-8020
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105442
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027635-7
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  • 6
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    SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL FACTORS IN COGNITIVE AGING: APPLYING THE CAUSAL INFERENCE FRAMEWORK IN OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Innovation in Aging Vol. 3, No. Supplement_1 ( 2019-11-08), p. S323-S323
    Details
    In: Innovation in Aging, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 3, No. Supplement_1 ( 2019-11-08), p. S323-S323
    Abstract: Rationale: There is an urgent need to better understand how to maintain cognitive functioning at older ages with social and behavioral interventions, given that there is currently no medical cure available to prevent, halt or reverse the progression of cognitive decline and dementia. However, in current models, it is still not well established which factors (e.g. education, BMI, physical activity, sleep, depression) matter most at which ages, and which behavioral profiles are most protective against cognitive decline. In the last years, advances in the fields of causal inference and machine learning have equipped epidemiology and social sciences with methods and models to approach causal questions in observational studies. Method: The presentation will give an overview of the causal inference framework and different machine learning approaches to investigate cognitive aging. First, we will present relevant research questions on the role of social and behavioral factors in cognitive aging in observational studies. Second, we will introduce the causal inference framework and recent methods to visualize and compute the strength of causal paths. Third, promising machine learning approaches to arrive at robust predictions are presented. The 13-year follow-up from the European SHARE survey that employs well-established cognitive performance tests is used to demonstrate the usefulness of the approach. Discussion: The causal inference framework, combined with recent machine learning approaches and applied in observational studies, provides a robust alternative to intervention research. Advantages for investigations under the new framework, e.g., fewer ethical considerations compared to intervention research, as well as limitations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2399-5300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.1178
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2905697-4
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  • 7
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    Why should we discuss gender inequalities in Latin America and their effects in later life?
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Alzheimer's & Dementia Vol. 19, No. S8 ( 2023-06)
    Details
    In: Alzheimer's & Dementia, Wiley, Vol. 19, No. S8 ( 2023-06)
    Abstract: High inequalities in Latin America (LA) affect social groups differently, with women being disadvantaged in many domains. Further, dementia prevalence is higher and with earlier onset in LA, especially among women, after accounting for women’s longer life expectancy. This narrative review discusses the modifiable risk factors of dementia established by previous studies and postulates further harmful, often hidden, factors experienced by women that might influence gender‐specific time of onset and general prevalence of dementia. Method We searched databases for qualitative and quantitative articles systematising dementia‐associated factors between genders/sexes in LA. Result We review hidden modifiable risk factors for late‐life cognitive impairment that should be integrated into future research. In doing this, we point out pervasive gender roles around education, labour market participation, but also the distribution of resources within families and across generations. Gender roles affect family structure living conditions during childhood and extend their influence over the life course. Other stressors strongly correlated with established modifiable risk factors or intrinsically relevant to dementia risk seem to be commonplace in women’s lives in LA, such as food insecurity, overweight/obesity, violence, and limited career opportunities. Conclusion Based on the evidence of gender inequalities in many domains to the disadvantage of women in LA, there is a need to consider unexplored risk factors since they could perpetuate burden of dementia among women disproportionately. Moreover, bringing hidden risk factors to open discussion can encourage and promote public policies to decrease gender inequalities and protect women’s health and well‐being.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1552-5260 , 1552-5279
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/alz.v19.S8
    DOI: 10.1002/alz.067897
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2201940-6
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  • 8
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    Risk factors for dementia in the context of cardiovascular disease: A protocol of an overview of reviews
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2022
    In:  PLOS ONE Vol. 17, No. 7 ( 2022-7-21), p. e0271611-
    Details
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 17, No. 7 ( 2022-7-21), p. e0271611-
    Abstract: Dementia is a major public health priority. Although there is abundant evidence of an association between dementia and poor cardiovascular health, findings have been inconsistent and uncertain in identifying which factors increase dementia risk in those with cardiovascular disease. Indeed, multiple variables including sociodemographic, economic, health, lifestyle and education may indicate who is at higher vs. lower dementia risk and could be used in prediction modelling. Therefore, the aim of this review is to synthesise evidence on the key risk factors for dementia in those with a history of cardiovascular disease. Methods This is an overview of reviews protocol, registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021265363). Four electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews will be searched. Studies will be included if they are systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses that have investigated the risk of incident dementia (all-cause and subtypes including Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia) in people with a history of coronary heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and vascular stiffness. Study selection will be completed by two independent researchers according to the eligibility criteria, and conflicts resolved by a third reviewer. References will be exported into Covidence for title and abstract sifting, full-text review, and data extraction. Methodological quality will be assessed using the AMSTAR-2 criteria and confidence of evidence will be assessed using the GRADE classification. This overview of reviews will follow PRISMA guidelines. If there is sufficient homogeneity in the data, the results will be pooled, and a meta-analysis conducted to determine the strength of association between each risk factor and incident all-cause dementia and its subtypes for each cardiovascular diagnoses separately. Discussion We will create a comprehensive summary of the key risk factors linking cardiovascular diseases to risk of incident dementia. This knowledge is essential for informing risk predictive model development as well as the development of risk reduction and prevention strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    URL: Article
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271611
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271611.s001
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271611.s003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271611.r001
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271611.r003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271611.r004
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3
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  • 9
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    Testing Persistence of Cohort Effects in the Epidemiology of Suicide: an Age-Period-Cohort Hysteresis Model
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2016
    In:  PLOS ONE Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2016-7-21), p. e0158538-
    Details
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2016-7-21), p. e0158538-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158538
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158538.g001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158538.g002
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158538.g007
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158538.t001
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158538.s001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158538.s002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158538.s003
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3
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  • 10
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    Returns to Educational and Occupational Attainment in Cognitive Performance for Middle-Aged South Korean Men and Women
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Vol. 7 ( 2021-01), p. 233372142110043-
    Details
    In: Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 7 ( 2021-01), p. 233372142110043-
    Abstract: Background: Gender differences in late middle-age cognitive performance may be explained by differences in educational or occupational attainment rates, or gender-patterned returns of similar education and occupation to cognitive reserve. We tested these competing hypotheses in the historically highly gender unequal context of South Korea. Methods: Data came from the 2006 wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. We included adults aged 45–65 years. Using quantile regression decompositions, we decomposed cognitive performance differences across quantiles into differences due to rates of educational and occupational attainment and differences due to divergent returns to those characteristics. Results: Gender-based cognitive performance differences across deciles were driven by differences in rates of educational and occupational attainment, while the returns to these characteristics were similar for both genders. Conclusions: Findings suggest that educational and occupational characteristics contribute to cognitive performance similarly in men and women, but discordant rates of these characteristics contribute to performance gaps.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2333-7214 , 2333-7214
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/23337214211004366
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2844974-5
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