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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anti-inflammatory activity of cinnamon (C. zeylanicum and C. cassia) extracts – identification of E-cinnamaldehyde and o-methoxy cinnamaldehyde as the most potent bioactive compounds
    Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) ; 2015
    In:  Food & Function Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2015), p. 910-919
    Details
    In: Food & Function, Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2015), p. 910-919
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2042-6496 , 2042-650X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1039/C4FO00680A
    Language: English
    Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2578152-2
    SSG: 21
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  • 2
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    LC Determination of Albiflorin and Paeoniflorin in Bai Shao (Paeonia lactiflora) as a Raw Herb and Dried Aqueous Extract
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2009
    In:  Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL Vol. 92, No. 4 ( 2009-07-01), p. 1027-1034
    Details
    In: Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 92, No. 4 ( 2009-07-01), p. 1027-1034
    Abstract: A validated analytical method is reported for the analysis of paeoniflorin and albiflorin in Bai Shao (Paeonia lactiflora) as a dried raw herb and commercially prepared dried aqueous extract. The samples were extracted by sonication in methanol and the extract analyzed by LC-photodiode array with identity confirmation by electrospray ionization-tandem MS. A C18 column was used with an acetonitrilewater gradient mobile phase. Paeoniflorin and albiflorin were quantified at 230 nm. Ions with m/z 121 and 327 were produced with the MS detector, using the paeoniflorin precursor ion with m/z 479. For albiflorin, the precursor ion with m/z 479 produced the m/z 121 and 77 ions. The amounts of paeoniflorin and albiflorin found in the raw herb were 33.2 and 1.8 mg/g, respectively; and in the dried aqueous extract, the amounts were 34.8 and 15.7 mg/g, respectively. The LODs for paeoniflorin and albiflorin were 0.37 and 1.39 mg/g, respectively, for the raw herb and 0.25 and 0.06 mg/g, respectively, for the dried aqueous extract.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1060-3271 , 1944-7922
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/92.4.1027
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chromatographic Analysis and Anti-Oxidative Property of Naoxinqing Tablet, a Proprietary Preparation of Diospyros Kaki Leaves
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2019-03-20), p. 1101-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2019-03-20), p. 1101-
    Abstract: The Naoxinqing (NXQ) tablet is a standardised proprietary herbal product containing an extract of persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki) for the management of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. Although previous reports suggested that the efficacy of NXQ is at least partly mediated by its anti-oxidative property, the anti-oxidative effect of the major components of NXQ has not been studied systematically. For quality control purposes, only analytical methods limited to 3 marker analytes have been reported, the extent to which the other components affect efficacy has not been explored. In this study, we developed an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC MS/MS) method for the identification of seven analytes (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (astragalin), quercetin-3-O-galactoside (hypericin), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (isoquercitin), kaempferol, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid), and furan-2-carboxylic acid (pyromucic acid) and quercetin) in the NXQ. This is the first method reported and validated for the quantification of the seven major secondary metabolites in NXQ. The results for the quantified analytes were then compared in 15 different batches of NXQ. The variation observed in the seven components highlights the need to quantify key bioactive components to ensure product consistency. Radical scavenging activity and abundance was used to rank the analytes. The anti-oxidative effects of NXQ were examined using cultured human vascular endothelial cells (EA.hy926). Corrected 2,2-di(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity results revealed that quercetin and kaempferol have the strongest anti-oxidant capacity in the extract. Both quercetin and kaempferol significantly inhibited the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced EA.hy926 cell injury and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In conclusion, we established and validated an UPLC-MS/MC method for the analysis of major bioactive components in the NXQ and demonstrated that its anti-oxidative property may play a critical role in cerebrovascular protection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061101
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of selected medicinal plants and fungi containing phenolic and flavonoid compounds
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2012
    In:  Chinese Medicine Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2012-12)
    Details
    In: Chinese Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2012-12)
    Abstract: This study aims to determine the relationship between the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the thirteen herbs and two fungi extracts, and their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Methods Antioxidant activities were evaluated by four assays: an antioxidant activity assay using Saccharomyces cerevisiae , a DPPH ((2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay to assess free radical scavenging, an assay assessing ferrous ions or iron (II) chelating ability, and a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride methods, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activities were determined by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide and TNF-α production in lipopolysaccharide- and interferon-γ-activated J774A.1 macrophages. Their cytotoxicities against macrophages were determined by MTT assay. Results A positive linear correlation between antioxidant activities and the total phenolic and flavonoid content of the plant extracts was found. The plant extracts with high phenolic and flavonoid content also exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity with good cell viability. Conclusion The selected herbs could be a rich source of antioxidants and free radical scavenging compounds. The levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds were correlated with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts from the herbs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1749-8546
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-7-26
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2260322-0
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Liquid Chromatographic Determination of 6-, 8-, 10-Gingerol, and 6-Shogaol in Ginger (Zingiber officinale) as the Raw Herb and Dried Aqueous Extract
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2007
    In:  Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL Vol. 90, No. 5 ( 2007-09-01), p. 1219-1226
    Details
    In: Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 90, No. 5 ( 2007-09-01), p. 1219-1226
    Abstract: The determination of 6-, 8-, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol in dried ginger (Zingiber officinale) and in the dried aqueous extract of ginger is reported. This is the first study to report a validated method for the determination of these 4 analytes. Several extraction solvents and methods were examined, and the optimum combination was determined. The samples were extracted at room temperature by sonication with methanol, and the extract was analyzed by liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. A C18 column was used with a wateracetonitrile gradient mobile phase. Quantification was at 200 nm. The levels of 6-, 8-, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol in the raw herb were 9.3, 1.6, 2.3, and 2.3 mg/g, respectively. The levels of gingerols found in the dried aqueous extract were between 5 and 16 times lower than those in the raw herb, but the level of 6-shogaol was higher. Analyte identity was confirmed by negative-ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, in which 2 daughter ions were obtained for each analyte. The average recovery was 97 with a relative standard deviation of & lt;8. The limits of detection for 6-, 8-, 10-gingerol, and 6-shogaol in the raw herb were 0.22, 0.04, 0.09, and 0.07 mg/g, respectively, and in the dried aqueous extract, 0.11, 0.02, 0.02, and 0.14 mg/g, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1060-3271 , 1944-7922
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/90.5.1219
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Narirutin and Hesperidin in Zhi Ke (Citrus aurantium L.) in the Form of the Raw Herb and of the Dried Aqueous Extract
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2009
    In:  Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL Vol. 92, No. 3 ( 2009-05-01), p. 789-796
    Details
    In: Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 92, No. 3 ( 2009-05-01), p. 789-796
    Abstract: A validated analytical method is reported for the analysis of narirutin and hesperidin in Zhi Ke (Citrus aurantium L.) in the form of the dried raw herb and of the commercially prepared dried aqueous extract. The samples were extracted by sonication in methanol and the extract was analyzed by liquid chromatography-photodiode array (PDA) detection with identity confirmation by negative electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (MS). A C18 column was used with a methanolwater gradient mobile phase. Narirutin and hesperidin were quantified at 284 nm using the PDA detector. Using the MS detector, the narirutin precursor ion with m/z 579 produced daughter ions with m/z 271 and 151. For hesperidin, the precursor ion with m/z 609 produced the m/z 301, 285, and 164 ions. The amounts of narirutin and hesperidin found in the certified raw herb were 14.2 and 147.9 mg/g, respectively, and in the dried aqueous extract the amounts were 9.2 and 8.6 mg/g, respectively. For the raw herb, the average recovery across the three spike levels (50, 100, and 150) for narirutin and hesperidin were 110.7 and 94.5, respectively. For the dried aqueous extract, the average recovery across the three spike levels for narirutin and hesperidin were 85.8 and 98.9, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1060-3271 , 1944-7922
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/92.3.789
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Simultaneous Determination of Eight Sympathomimetic Amines in Urine by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2010
    In:  Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL Vol. 93, No. 1 ( 2010-01-01), p. 116-122
    Details
    In: Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 93, No. 1 ( 2010-01-01), p. 116-122
    Abstract: A GC method was developed for the identification and quantitation of eight sympathomimetic amines in urine, i.e., amphetamine, methamphetamine, mephentermine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, methylenedioxyamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and methylenedioxyethylamphetamine. Methoxyphenamine was used as the internal standard (IS). The assay is rapid, sensitive, and simple to perform. It involves a liquidliquid extraction procedure with simultaneous in-solution derivatization of the organic layer with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride (PFB-Cl), followed by GC/MS analysis. These derivatives and the IS were extracted from 1 mL alkaline urine into hexane before derivatization with PFB-Cl. The organic layer was then removed and evaporated to dryness before dissolution with hexane for GC/MS analysis. Calibration curves for each analyte showed linearity in the range of 255000 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.997). Recoveries ranged from 88 to 99, with the precision of recoveries typically ≤5%. The LOD values ranged from 7 to 28 ng/mL, and the LOQ values ranged from 23 to 94 ng/mL. At least four ions were available for each analyte for confirmation of identity by MS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1060-3271 , 1944-7922
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/93.1.116
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Analytical Method Validation and Quality Control of a Seven-Herb Chinese Medicine Formulation Used for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL Vol. 99, No. 3 ( 2016-05-01), p. 591-598
    Details
    In: Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 99, No. 3 ( 2016-05-01), p. 591-598
    Abstract: There is a need for increased QC of complex herbal medicine formulations to ensure product consistency, efficacy, and safety. This study reports an HPLC with photodiode array and electrospray ionization–tandem MS method for quantifying selected analytes in a seven-herb formulation. Fourteen analytes were selected for quantification based on the criteria available from the Herbal Chemical Marker Ranking System, which takes into account the bioavailability, reported bioactivity, and physiological action related to its intended use, as well as commercial availability of the standard. After optimizing the columns and chromatographic conditions, 13 of the 14 analytes were able to be determined in one run, with the remaining analyte analyzed on its own. The method was successfully applied to two different extracts of the formulation, demonstrating an application for the QC of a complex herbal mixture with respect to their chemical characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1060-3271 , 1944-7922
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.15-0158
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Evaluation of treosulfan cumulative exposure in paediatric patients through population pharmacokinetics and dosing simulations
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Vol. 89, No. 4 ( 2023-04), p. 1413-1424
    Details
    In: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Wiley, Vol. 89, No. 4 ( 2023-04), p. 1413-1424
    Abstract: To investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of intravenous treosulfan in paediatric patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for a broad range of diseases and to explore the impact of different dosing regimens on treosulfan exposure (area under the concentration–time curve, AUC 0→∞ ) through dosing simulations. Methods A prospective multicentre PK study was conducted using treosulfan concentration data ( n  = 423) collected from 53 children (median age 3.5, range 0.2–17.0 years) receiving three daily age‐guided doses (10–14 g/m 2 ). Population PK modelling was performed using NONMEM software, utilising a stepwise forward selection backward elimination method and likelihood‐ratio test for screening covariates to describe PK variability. Monte Carlo simulation was used to generate patient PK data for 10 000 virtual paediatric patients and cumulative AUC 0→∞ values were evaluated using age, body surface area (BSA) and model‐based dosing regimens, targeting 4800 mg*h/L. Results Treosulfan concentration data were described using a one‐compartment PK model with first‐order elimination. Population mean (95% CI) estimates for clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V) were 16.3 (14.9–18.1) L/h and 41.9 (38.8–45.1) L, respectively. Allometrically scaled body weight was the best covariate descriptor for CL and V, and maturational age further explained variability in CL. Dosing simulations indicated that in young patient groups ( 〈 2 years), a model‐based dosing regimen more accurately achieved the target AUC 0→∞ (58.3%) over the age (42.6%) and BSA‐based (51.3%) regimens. Conclusion Treosulfan disposition was described through allometric body weight and maturational age descriptors. Model‐informed dosing is recommended for patients under 2 years. Treosulfan PK parameters and AUC 0→∞ were not influenced by patient disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-5251 , 1365-2125
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bcp.v89.4
    DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15599
    RVK:
    XA 33650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498142-7
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
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    Quality Control and Variability Assessment of an Eight-Herb Formulation for Hypertension Using Method Validation and Statistical Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 8 ( 2019-04-17), p. 1520-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 8 ( 2019-04-17), p. 1520-
    Abstract: Background—The quality control (QC) for commercial herbal formulations is sparse due to a lack of well-developed HPLC-ESI-MS/MS methods. Objective—This study reports the quantification of nine selected analytes for a commercial eight-herb formulation known as Qi Ju Di Huang Wan (QJDHW) used to relieve hypertension. Methods—An HPLC-ESI/MS method for the quantitation of analytes selected using the Herbal Chemical Marker Ranking System (Herb MaRS) was developed. The Herb MaRS ranking system which takes into account bioavailability, bioactivity, and physiological action related to its intended use and the commercial availability of the standard. After a method optimization, seven analytes were found to be ideal for quantitation. Results—The target analytes were identified using an electrospray ionization-tandem MS molecular breakdown comparison between the herbal peak and the commercial standard. The quantitative aspect of analyte variability of eleven samples was studied using fold variation. The fold variation of selected analytes among eleven samples ranged from 1.5 to 28.9. The qualitative aspect of variability was studied using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Conclusions—There is a great degree of chemical variability in herbal formulations which are due to raw material harvesting times, storage techniques, and plant subspecies variability. Highlights—Commercial QJDHW formulations need to be standardised using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS to ensure better product quality control (QC) and product efficacy for the consumer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081520
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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