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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Variability, interaction and change in the atmosphere–ocean–ecology system of the Western Indian Ocean
    The Royal Society ; 2005
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 363, No. 1826 ( 2005-01-15), p. 3-13
    Details
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 363, No. 1826 ( 2005-01-15), p. 3-13
    Abstract: Traditional ideas of intraseasonal and interannual climatic variability in the Western Indian Ocean, dominated by the mean cycle of seasonally reversing monsoon winds, are being replaced by a more complex picture, comprising air–sea interactions and feedbacks; atmosphere–ocean dynamics operating over intrannual to interdecadal time–scales; and climatological and oceanographic boundary condition changes at centennial to millennial time–scales. These forcings, which are mediated by the orography of East Africa and the Asian continent and by seafloor topography (most notably in this area by the banks and shoals of the Mascarene Plateau which interrupts the westward–flowing South Equatorial Current), determine fluxes of water, nutrients and biogeochemical constituents, the essential controls on ocean and shallow–sea productivity and ecosystem health. Better prediction of climatic variability for rain–fed agriculture, and the development of sustainable marine resource use, is of critical importance to the developing countries of this region but requires further basic information gathering and coordinated ocean observation systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2004.1495
    RVK:
    AX 30011
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Halocarbon and dimethyl sulphide studies around the Mascarene Plateau
    The Royal Society ; 2005
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 363, No. 1826 ( 2005-01-15), p. 169-185
    Details
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 363, No. 1826 ( 2005-01-15), p. 169-185
    Abstract: Air–sea exchange is thought to be one of the major routes by which halocarbons and dimethyl sulphide reach the troposphere and stratosphere. Once there, in different ways, they participate in chemical reactions that have implications for ozone depletion and climate change. The gases are released by phytoplankton and other algae, but our present understanding of the sources and sinks is insufficient to establish a balanced global budget. Published data suggest that there are regions of coastal and ocean waters that constitute a major source, but, for halocarbons, in other regions the ocean is a net sink. For example, in many open oceanic areas, the rate of degradation of methyl bromide outweighs production. Here we present data from the Central Indian Ocean, a region considered to be low in terms of biological productivity. Little is known about trace–gas release from the Central Indian Ocean and without such data it is impossible to even hazard a guess at the global ocean source to the atmosphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2004.1485
    RVK:
    AX 30011
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Physical and biochemical aspects of the flow across the Mascarene Plateau in the Indian Ocean
    The Royal Society ; 2005
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 363, No. 1826 ( 2005-01-15), p. 151-168
    Details
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 363, No. 1826 ( 2005-01-15), p. 151-168
    Abstract: This paper presents results from a detailed hydrographic survey of the Mascarene Plateau and surrounding area undertaken by the RRS Charles Darwin in June–July 2002. We examine how the westward–flowing South Equatorial Current (SEC) crosses the plateau, and how the structure of the flow determines the supply of nutrients to the surface waters. We find that the flow of the SEC across the plateau is highly dependent on the complex structure of the banks which make up the plateau, and that a large part of the flow is channelled between the Saya de Malha and Nazareth Banks. Furthermore, the SEC forms a sharp boundary between subtropical water masses from further south, which are low in nutrients, and waters from further north, which are relatively nutrient rich. Overall, the SEC delivers relatively high levels of nutrients to the near–surface waters of the central and northern regions of the plateau, compared with the southern regions of the plateau. This is partly due to uplifting of density surfaces through Ekman suction on the northern side of the SEC, and partly due to the higher levels of nutrients on those density surfaces on the northern side of the SEC. This may drive increased production of phytoplankton in these areas, which would in turn be expected to fuel increased abundances of zooplankton and higher levels of the food chain.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2004.1484
    RVK:
    AX 30011
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Shallow marine benthic invertebrates of the Seychelles Plateau: high diversity in a tropical oligotrophic environment
    The Royal Society ; 2005
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 363, No. 1826 ( 2005-01-15), p. 203-228
    Details
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 363, No. 1826 ( 2005-01-15), p. 203-228
    Abstract: Soft sedimentary biotopes are extensive in the shallow Western Indian Ocean, especially on the Seychelles Plateau and Mascarene Ridge, yet pro rata compared with coral reefs the research effort devoted to them has been minimal. In this study we examine the benthic mollusc and polychaete worm assemblages of the shallow waters (11–62 m) around Mahé, in the Seychelles, and make direct comparisons with the temperate Irish Sea area and subtropical waters of Hong Kong, China (using identical methodology). Two assemblages were recognized, characterized by depth and sediment type. Of these, assemblage A (in shallow carbonate sands) was the most diverse, with diversity and richness measures exceeding those from the Irish Sea or Hong Kong. Hong Kong generally had the poorest fauna. Considering the Bivalvia alone, estimates of taxonomic distinctness showed this to be least for Seychelles assemblage A. The degree of conformity of the results to the concept of the latitudinal gradient in species richness and the possible underlying causes are discussed. Comparisons with other data suggest that the Seychelles support a benthic fauna at least as diverse as any other described from the tropics. A tentative examination of total bivalve species richness suggests a total of 400–500 for the Seychelles. This is in keeping with other Indian Ocean localities, but higher than known figures for continental east Africa. The findings of this paper support the case for widespread ecological and taxonomic studies of the Western Indian Ocean benthic invertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2004.1488
    RVK:
    AX 30011
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sonar studies of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Kurchatov Fracture Zone
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1977
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 82, No. 33 ( 1977-11-10), p. 5313-5328
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 82, No. 33 ( 1977-11-10), p. 5313-5328
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JB082i033p05313
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1977
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Climate change impacts and vegetation response on the island of Madagascar
    The Royal Society ; 2005
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 363, No. 1826 ( 2005-01-15), p. 55-59
    Details
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 363, No. 1826 ( 2005-01-15), p. 55-59
    Abstract: The island of Madagascar has been labelled the world's number one conservation ‘hot spot’ because of increasing anthropogenic degradation of its natural habitats, which support a high level of species endemism. However, climatic phenomena may also have a significant impact upon the island's flora and fauna. An analysis of 18 years of monthly satellite images from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) have demonstrated that there is a dynamic pattern in Madagascar's vegetative cover both annually and seasonally throughout 1982–1999. Over interannual time–scales, we show that this vegetation response, calculated using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), has a strong negative correlation with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which can be attributable to drought events and associated wildfires. Global climate change is predicted to increase the frequency of the ENSO phenomenon, resulting in further decline of Madagascar's natural environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2004.1476
    RVK:
    AX 30011
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Atmosphere–ocean dynamics in the Western Indian Ocean recorded in corals
    The Royal Society ; 2005
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 363, No. 1826 ( 2005-01-15), p. 121-142
    Details
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 363, No. 1826 ( 2005-01-15), p. 121-142
    Abstract: We present a set of Porites coral oxygen isotope records from the tropical and subtropical Western Indian Ocean covering the past 120–336 years. All records were thoroughly validated for proxy response to regional climate factors and their relation to large–scale climate modes. The records show markedly different imprints of regional climate factors. At the same time, all coral records show clear teleconnections between the Western Indian Ocean and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The multi–proxy site analysis enables the detection of the covariance structure between individual records and climate modes such as ENSO. This method unravels shifts in ENSO teleconnectivity of the Western and Central Indian Ocean on multi–decadal time–scales (after 1976). The Seychelles record shows a stationary correlation with ENSO, Chagos corals show evidence for non–stationary d 18 O/ENSO relationships and the Southwestern Indian Ocean corals show a strong relationship with ENSO when the forcing is strong (1880–1920, 1970 to present). Our results indicate that the coral δ 18 O, in combination with other proxies, can be used to monitor temporal and spatial variations in the sea–surface temperature and the fresh water balance within the Indian Ocean on interannual to interdecadal time–scales.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2004.1482
    RVK:
    AX 30011
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2005
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    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    SSG: 5,21
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The relationship between Indian Ocean sea–surface temperature and East African rainfall
    The Royal Society ; 2005
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 363, No. 1826 ( 2005-01-15), p. 43-47
    Details
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 363, No. 1826 ( 2005-01-15), p. 43-47
    Abstract: Knowledge of the processes that control East African rainfall is essential for the development of seasonal forecasting systems, which may mitigate the effects of flood and drought. This study uses observational data to unravel the relationship between the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and rainy autumns in East Africa. Analysis of sea–surface temperature data shows that strong East African rainfall is associated with warming in the Pacific and Western Indian Oceans and cooling in the Eastern Indian Ocean. The resemblance of this pattern to that which develops during IOD events implies a link between the IOD and strong East African rainfall. Further investigation suggests that the observed teleconnection between East African rainfall and ENSO is a manifestation of a link between ENSO and the IOD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2004.1474
    RVK:
    AX 30011
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208381-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462626-3
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    SSG: 5,21
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The net effect of ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric dimethylsulphide over the Southern Indian Ocean
    The Royal Society ; 2005
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 363, No. 1826 ( 2005-01-15), p. 187-189
    Details
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 363, No. 1826 ( 2005-01-15), p. 187-189
    Abstract: Dimethylsulphide (DMS) in the atmosphere may play an important role in the climate system. This study shows an inverse relationship between ultraviolet extremes and atmospheric DMS, independent of changes in wind speed, sea–surface temperature and photosynthetically active radiation, as measured at Amsterdam Island in the Southern Indian Ocean.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2004.1486
    RVK:
    AX 30011
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208381-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462626-3
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 5,1
    SSG: 5,21
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Coral reef sedimentation on Rodrigues and the Western Indian Ocean and its impact on the carbon cycle
    The Royal Society ; 2005
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 363, No. 1826 ( 2005-01-15), p. 101-120
    Details
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 363, No. 1826 ( 2005-01-15), p. 101-120
    Abstract: Coral reefs in the southwest Indian Ocean cover an area of ca. 18530 km 2 compared with a global reef area of nearly 300000 km 2 . These regions are important as fishing grounds, tourist attractions and as a significant component of the global carbon cycle. The mass of calcium carbonate stored within Holocene neritic sediments is a number that we are only now beginning to quantify with any confidence, in stark contrast to the mass and sedimentation rates associated with pelagic calcium carbonate, which have been relatively well defined for decades. We report new data that demonstrate that the reefs at Rodrigues, like those at Réunion and Mauritius, only reached a mature state (reached sea level) by 2–3 ka: thousands of years later than most of the reefs in the Australasian region. Yet field observations show that the large lagoon at Rodrigues is already completely full of carbonate detritus (typical lagoon depth less than 1 m at low spring tide). The presence of aeolian dunes at Rodrigues indicates periodic exposure of past lagoons throughout the Pleistocene. The absence of elevated Pleistocene reef deposits on the island indicates that the island has not been uplifted. Most Holocene reefs are between 15 and 20 m in thickness and those in the southwest Indian Ocean appear to be consistent with this observation. We support the view that the CO 2 flux associated with coral–reef growth acts as a climate change amplifier during deglaciation, adding CO 2 to a warming world. southwest Indian Ocean reefs could have added 7–10% to this global flux during the Holocene.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-503X , 1471-2962
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2004.1481
    RVK:
    AX 30011
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2005
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