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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Predicting violent infractions in a Swiss state penitentiary: A replication study of the PCL-R in a population of sex and violent offenders
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2008
    In:  BMC Psychiatry Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2008-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Psychiatry, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2008-12)
    Abstract: Research conducted with forensic psychiatric patients found moderate correlations between violence in institutions and psychopathy. It is unclear though, whether the PCL-R is an accurate instrument for predicting aggressive behavior in prisons. Results seem to indicate that the instrument is better suited for predicting verbal rather than physical aggression of prison inmates. Methods PCL-R scores were assessed for a sample of 113 imprisoned sex and violent offenders in Switzerland. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate physical and verbal aggression as a function of the PCL-R sum score. Additionally, stratified analyses were conducted for Factor 1 and 2. Infractions were analyzed as to their motives and consequences. Results The mean score of the PCL-R was 12 points. Neither the relationship between physical aggression and the sum score of the PCL-R, nor the relationship between physical aggression and either of the two factors of the PCL-R were significant. Both the sum score and Factor 1 predicted the occurrence of verbal aggression (AUC = 0.70 and 0.69), while Factor 2 did not. Conclusion Possible explanations are discussed for the weak relationship between PCL-R scores and physically aggressive behavior during imprisonment. Some authors have discussed whether the low base rate of violent infractions can be considered an explanation for the non-significant relation between PCL-R-score and violence. The base rate in this study, however, with 27%, was not low. It is proposed that the distinction between reactive and instrumental motives of institutional violence must be considered when examining the usefulness of the PCL-R in predicting in-prison physical aggressive behavior.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-244X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/1471-244X-8-74
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2050438-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neurobiological Determinism : Human Freedom of Choice and Criminal Responsibility
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology Vol. 56, No. 2 ( 2012-04), p. 174-190
    Details
    In: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 56, No. 2 ( 2012-04), p. 174-190
    Abstract: Several authors have argued that criminal behavior is generally caused by neurobiological deficits. This assumption not only questions the concept of free will and a person’s responsibility for his or her own actions but also the principle of guilt in criminal law. When critically examining the current state of research, it becomes apparent that the results are not sufficient to support the existence of a universally valid neurobiological causality of criminal behavior. Moreover, the assumption of total neurobiological determination of human behavior and the impossibility of individual responsibility are characterized by both faulty empiricism and methodical misconceptions. The principle of relative determinism and the analysis of the offender’s behavior at the time of the offense thus remain the central and cogent approach to the assessment of criminal responsibility.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-624X , 1552-6933
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0306624X10395474
    RVK:
    PH 178
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034467-3
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Procedures for preventing juvenile violence in Switzerland: The Zurich model
    Wiley ; 2011
    In:  New Directions for Youth Development Vol. 2011, No. 129 ( 2011-03), p. 79-87
    Details
    In: New Directions for Youth Development, Wiley, Vol. 2011, No. 129 ( 2011-03), p. 79-87
    Abstract: The Swiss legal system places strong emphasis on risk assessment and treatment of potentially violent offenders. Especially after the 2001 Zug massacre, there is close cooperation between the judicial and mental health systems to prevent violence through early detection and intervention. A case study of a risk management program for a dangerous seventeen‐year‐old delinquent youth illustrates this approach.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1533-8916 , 1537-5781
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/yd.v2011.129
    DOI: 10.1002/yd.388
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2811580-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2099368-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The consumption of Internet child pornography and violent and sex offending
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2009
    In:  BMC Psychiatry Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2009-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Psychiatry, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2009-12)
    Abstract: There is an ongoing debate on whether consumers of child pornography pose a risk for hands-on sex offenses. Up until now, there have been very few studies which have analyzed the association between the consumption of child pornography and the subsequent perpetration of hands-on sex offenses. The aim of this study was to examine the recidivism rates for hands-on and hands-off sex offenses in a sample of child pornography users using a 6 year follow-up design. Methods The current study population consisted of 231 men, who were subsequently charged with consumption of illegal pornographic material after being detected by a special operation against Internet child pornography, conducted by the Swiss police in 2002. Criminal history, as well as recidivism, was assessed using the criminal records from 2008. Results 4.8% (n = 11) of the study sample had a prior conviction for a sexual and/or violent offense, 1% (n = 2) for a hands-on sex offense, involving child sexual abuse, 3.3% (n = 8) for a hands-off sex offense and one for a nonsexual violent offense. When applying a broad definition of recidivism, which included ongoing investigations, charges and convictions, 3% (n = 7) of the study sample recidivated with a violent and/or sex offense, 3.9% (n = 9) with a hands-off sex offense and 0.8% (n = 2) with a hands-on sex offense. Conclusion Consuming child pornography alone is not a risk factor for committing hands-on sex offenses – at least not for those subjects who had never committed a hands-on sex offense. The majority of the investigated consumers had no previous convictions for hands-on sex offenses. For those offenders, the prognosis for hands-on sex offenses, as well as for recidivism with child pornography, is favorable.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-244X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/1471-244X-9-43
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2050438-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adolescent Delinquency and Antisocial Tendencies as Precursors to Adult Violent Offending : A Prospective Study of a Representative Sample of Swiss Men
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology Vol. 58, No. 5 ( 2014-05), p. 537-549
    Details
    In: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 58, No. 5 ( 2014-05), p. 537-549
    Abstract: Studies on adult sex and violent offenders have found high rates of adolescent delinquency, while early delinquency has been shown to be significantly associated with adult offending. The examined subsample ( n = 123) of a longitudinal prospective study ( n = 6,315) includes all men who at the age of 19 had an entry in the criminal records. During the observation period of 34 years, 68.3% of the sample had been reconvicted as adults, 23.6% for violent or sex offenses. The odds of adult sex or violent offending were 2.8 times higher for those who had committed a violent offense in adolescence and 1.05 times higher for any offense committed before the age of 19. The characteristics of criminal history showed the highest discriminative values (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.61-0.65). The most important finding of this study was that characteristics of adolescent delinquency predicted adult violent or sex offending, whereas socioeconomic and psychiatric characteristics did not.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-624X , 1552-6933
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0306624X13479935
    RVK:
    PH 178
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034467-3
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Risk Assessment Instruments in Repeat Offending : The Usefulness of FOTRES
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology Vol. 55, No. 5 ( 2011-08), p. 716-731
    Details
    In: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 55, No. 5 ( 2011-08), p. 716-731
    Abstract: Research in the area of predicting recidivism has produced several well-validated standardized risk assessment instruments. The question arises, which instruments best serve which purposes? The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare several actuarial and dynamic risk assessment instruments as to their predictive accuracy and their usefulness in forensic practice. The sample consisted of 109 violent and sex offenders who had been released from prison in Switzerland between 1994 and 1999, and for whom the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R); Historical, Clinical, Risk Management–20; Level of Service Inventory–Revised; Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG); and the Swiss assessment instrument FOTRES were scored. Using bivariate logistic regression analyses, all instruments were able to discriminate between recidivists and nonrecidivists. The receiver operating characteristic analyses yielded area under the curve values between 0.70 (VRAG) and 0.84 (PCL-R). Furthermore, it was shown that solely examining AUC values does not suffice to determine usefulness. A comprehensive evaluation of an instrument’s usefulness for forensic practice should also look at qualitative criteria such as area of application, specificity of risk assessed, and inclusion of dynamic items among others.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-624X , 1552-6933
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0306624X09360662
    RVK:
    PH 178
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034467-3
    SSG: 2
    SSG: 2,1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Internet-based Self-Assessment after the Tsunami: lessons learned
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2011
    In:  BMC Public Health Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2011-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Public Health, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2011-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2458
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-18
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041338-5
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