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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Physical activity and exercise for the prevention and management of mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a collaborative international guideline
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  European Geriatric Medicine
    Details
    In: European Geriatric Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Abstract: Physical activity and exercise have been suggested as effective interventions for the prevention and management of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, but there are no international guidelines. Objectives To create a set of evidence- and expert consensus-based prevention and management recommendations regarding physical activity (any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure) and exercise (a subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive), applicable to a range of individuals from healthy older adults to those with MCI/dementia. Methods Guideline content was developed with input from several scientific and lay representatives’ societies. A systematic search across multidisciplinary databases was carried out until October 2021. Recommendations for prevention and management were developed according to the GRADE and complemented by consensus statements from the expert panels. Recommendations Physical activity may be considered for the primary prevention of dementia. In people with MCI there is continued uncertainty about the role of physical activity in slowing the conversion to dementia. Mind–body interventions have the greatest supporting evidence. In people with moderate dementia, exercise may be used for maintaining disability and cognition. All these recommendations were based on a very low/low certainty of evidence. Conclusions Although the scientific evidence on the beneficial role of physical activity and exercise in preserving cognitive functions in subjects with normal cognition, MCI or dementia is inconclusive, this panel, composed of scientific societies and other stakeholders, recommends their implementation based on their beneficial effects on almost all facets of health.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1878-7657
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s41999-023-00858-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2556794-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Immediate effects of cigar smoking on respiratory mechanics and exhaled biomarkers; differences between young smokers with mild asthma and otherwise healthy young smokers
    E.U. European Publishing ; 2016
    In:  Tobacco Induced Diseases Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2016-12)
    Details
    In: Tobacco Induced Diseases, E.U. European Publishing, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2016-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1617-9625
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12971-016-0095-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: E.U. European Publishing
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2194616-4
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  • 3
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    Short‐term respiratory effects of e‐cigarettes in healthy individuals and smokers with asthma
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Respirology Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2018-03), p. 291-297
    Details
    In: Respirology, Wiley, Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2018-03), p. 291-297
    Abstract: This study investigated the duration of immediate respiratory effects of e‐cigarette smoking ( ECS ) and tested the hypothesis that ECS has more prominent effects in asthmatics compared with healthy smokers (HS). Methods Fifty‐four smokers, 27 healthy ( HS group) and 27 with intermittent asthma (mild asthma ( MA ) group) underwent a control session (no liquid, no resistor coil inside e‐cigarette cartridge) and an experimental session of ECS using standardized puffing settings. Impulse oscillometry impedance (Z), resistance (R), reactance (X) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide ( FeNO ) were measured before and 0, 15 and 30 min after control and experimental sessions. Results Control session revealed no significant changes. In the experimental session, immediately post‐ ECS , both groups exhibited a significant increase in respiratory system total impedance at 5 Hz ( Z5 ) ( P   〈  0.001), respiratory system resistance at 5 Hz ( R5 ) ( P   〈  0.001), respiratory system resistance at 10 Hz ( R10 ) ( P   〈  0.001), respiratory system resistance at 20 Hz ( R20 ) ( P   〈  0.05), resonant frequency ( P   〈  0.001) and reactance area ( P   〈  0.05). MA exhibited higher baseline values and a more prominent effect immediately after ECS compared with HS for Z5 ( P  = 0.022), R5 ( P  = 0.010) and R10 ( P  = 0.013). FeNO decreased significantly in both groups ( P   〈  0.001); HS returned to baseline values in ≤15 min while the MA maintained significantly lower values for an additional 15 min ( P   〈  0.05) and returned to baseline values at 30 min post‐ ECS . Conclusion A single session of ECS had respiratory mechanical and inflammatory effects, which were more prominent in smokers with asthma.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1323-7799 , 1440-1843
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/resp.2018.23.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/resp.13180
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010720-1
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  • 4
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    Exhaled Breath Condensate: Technical and Diagnostic Aspects
    Hindawi Limited ; 2015
    In:  The Scientific World Journal Vol. 2015 ( 2015), p. 1-25
    Details
    In: The Scientific World Journal, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2015 ( 2015), p. 1-25
    Abstract: Purpose . The aim of this study was to evaluate the 30-year progress of research on exhaled breath condensate in a disease-based approach. Methods . We searched PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using the following keywords: exhaled breath condensate (EBC), biomarkers, pH, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), smoking, COPD, lung cancer, NSCLC, mechanical ventilation, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial lung diseases, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and drugs. Results . We found 12600 related articles in total in Google Scholar, 1807 in ScienceDirect, and 1081 in PubMed/Medline, published from 1980 to October 2014. 228 original investigation and review articles were eligible. Conclusions . There is rapidly increasing number of innovative articles, covering all the areas of modern respiratory medicine and expanding EBC potential clinical applications to other fields of internal medicine. However, the majority of published papers represent the results of small-scale studies and thus current knowledge must be further evaluated in large cohorts. In regard to the potential clinical use of EBC-analysis, several limitations must be pointed out, including poor reproducibility of biomarkers and absence of large surveys towards determination of reference-normal values. In conclusion, contemporary EBC-analysis is an intriguing achievement, but still in early stage when it comes to its application in clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2356-6140 , 1537-744X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2015/435160
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2075968-X
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  • 5
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    Unusual psychotic presentation after discontinuation of treatment in a patient with Wilson's disease: a case report
    Longdom Group ; 2016
    In:  Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses , No. aop ( 2016-12-20)
    Details
    In: Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses, Longdom Group, , No. aop ( 2016-12-20)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1935-1232
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3371/CSRP.LAJA.112316
    Language: English
    Publisher: Longdom Group
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 6
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    A novel conceptual framework for the functionality of the glymphatic system
    American Physiological Society ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 129, No. 5 ( 2023-05-01), p. 1228-1236
    Details
    In: Journal of Neurophysiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 129, No. 5 ( 2023-05-01), p. 1228-1236
    Abstract: The glymphatic system is responsible for the clearance of the potentially harmful metabolic waste of the central nervous system. The prevalent theory is that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates in the perivascular space (PVS) and through the astrocytes’ aquaporin-4 channels (AQ-4), and it is then drained by the lymphatic vessels after mixing with interstitial fluid (ISF). However, there is little evidence supporting this hypothesis. A deeper understanding of the physiology of the glymphatic system could transform the way we understand neuropathology and our approach to treating neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we introduce a new conceptual framework for the functionality of the glymphatic system, offering new directions for future research. We propose that CSF and ISF exchange flow depends on arterial pulsation, respiration, posture, and sleep. PVS changes due to disrupted cerebral autoregulation, alternations of intrathoracic pressure, venous flow, and body position can also influence the glymphatic flow. The role of respiration remains controversial due to the variety of parameters that interfere with glymphatic functionality. Slow-wave sleep is important for glymphatic clearance due to neuronal electromagnetic synchronization and expansion of the interstitial space. Therefore, sleep and vascular disorders, as well as aging, may hinder glymphatic flow and induce a noxious milieu of susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders because of metabolic waste accumulation. We lastly introduce a new idea postulating that electromagnetic induction may constitute one of the propelling forces for the convectional current and mixing of CSF and ISF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3077 , 1522-1598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jn.00360.2022
    RVK:
    XA 10000 ; XA 552555
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80161-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467889-5
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  • 7
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    Effects of Antidepressants on Sleep in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: An Overview of Reviews
    Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. ; 2023
    In:  Current Neuropharmacology Vol. 21 ( 2023-08-01)
    Details
    In: Current Neuropharmacology, Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., Vol. 21 ( 2023-08-01)
    Abstract: Antidepressants are a commonly used, easily accessible, and overall safe treatment option for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of antidepressants in treating sleep disturbances in patients with PTSD. PubMed and the Cochrane Li- brary were searched (July 2022) for systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the treatment of PTSD. Moreover, PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for individual trials investigating the antidepressant treatment of PTSD (up to September 2022), and reference lists of all relevant identi- fied studies were screened. Sleep-related outcomes, i.e., total sleep time, sleep quality, dreams/ nightmares, insomnia, and somnolence, were extracted independently by at least two reviewers. Meta- analytic evaluations were performed wherever possible. 39 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were identified; data from pooled analyses, reviews, and observational studies were used for antidepressants with a weak evidence base or when their findings were deemed important. Overall, scarce data exist on the effects of antidepressants on sleep outcomes among patients with PTSD. Some evidence may support the use of amitriptyline, nefazodone, paroxetine, and sertraline for improving sleep in patients with PTSD. Τhere was a meta-analytical trend indicating improvement of nightmares with fluoxetine, less insomnia with amitriptyline and more with brofaromine, as well as more somnolence with paroxe- tine vs. placebo, respectively. However, data from more than 1 RCT with a considerable number of pa- tients were only available for paroxetine. Evidence is insufficient to draw safe conclusions. More and better-designed RCTs, with consistent reporting of sleep-related outcomes, are needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1570-159X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2174/1570159X21666230801144328
    Language: English
    Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2119376-9
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  • 8
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    Remote vs Face-to-face Interventions for Bulimia Nervosa and Binge-eating Disorder: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science
    Details
    In: Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Abstract: Remote delivery of interventions (e.g., online sessions, telephone sessions, e-mails, SMS, applications) facilitate access to health care and might be an efficacious alternative to face to face treatments for bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-eating disorder (BED). Telehealth has evolved rapidly in recent years, facilitating access to health care, as it seems to be more accessible among different groups of the population. In the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, we decided to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared remote versus face-to-face interventions for the treatment of BN and BED. We searched EMBASE, PubMed, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP and reference lists of relevant articles up to April, 2023. The primary outcomes were remission (defined as abstinence from binge/bulimic episodes for at least 2 weeks) and frequency of binge episodes. We also analyzed frequency of purging episodes, response, mean values of eating disorder psychopathology, depression, anxiety, and quality of life rating scales as well as drop-out rates and adverse effects. Six RCTs were identified with a total of 698 participants. Face-to-face interventions were found more effective than remote interventions in terms of remission (RR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.89, P = 0.004, 4 RCTs, N = 526), but the result was mainly driven by one study. No important differences were found in the remaining outcomes; nevertheless, most comparisons were underpowered. Few adverse effects were reported. Remote interventions demonstrated comparable efficacy to face-to-face interventions in treating BN and BED, providing effective and acceptable healthcare to patients who would otherwise go untreated. Nonetheless, to arrive at more definitive and secure conclusions, it is imperative that additional randomized controlled trials and robust real-world effectiveness studies, preferably with appropriate comparison groups, are conducted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2366-5963
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s41347-023-00345-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2882264-X
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  • 9
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    Factors associated with increased suicidality risk following referral for isotretinoin commencement
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Australasian Psychiatry Vol. 30, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 44-48
    Details
    In: Australasian Psychiatry, SAGE Publications, Vol. 30, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 44-48
    Abstract: To establish whether there is a significant change in suicidality risk following psychiatric assessment for commencement of isotretinoin and identify factors that underpin any potential risk change. Method: Retrospective cohort study. Suicidality risk was defined as a combination of the following: (i) actual/intended self-harm and/or attempted/completed suicide, and (ii) increased service utilisation associated with suicidal ideation/behaviour. All patients referred to Psychiatry for assessment prior to commencement of isotretinoin between 2014 and 2019 were examined. Inclusion criteria: 〉 16 years of age, assessed for commencement of isotretinoin, complete clinical records. Data were collected by reviewing the Electronic Patient Records. Fifty-seven patients were eligible. We employed descriptive statistics, parametric/non-parametric/normality tests and logistic regression analysis, using socio-demographic and clinical characteristics as independent parameters, and suicidality risk as the dependent parameter. Results: Actual/intended self-harm/attempted suicide decreased significantly following assessment without significant change in service utilisation. Female gender, absence of protective factors and assessment by Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry were linked to increased suicidality risk, after controlling for age, ethnicity, recommendation for isotretinoin, and substance misuse. Conclusions: Psychiatric assessment is helpful before commencing isotretinoin. Female gender, and absence of ongoing psychopharmacological and/or psychological intervention and/or regular psychiatric follow-up predict increased suicidality risk among patients assessed for prescription of isotretinoin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1039-8562 , 1440-1665
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/10398562211029955
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003737-5
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  • 10
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    Antimanic Efficacy, Tolerability, and Acceptability of Clonazepam: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2023-09-06), p. 5801-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2023-09-06), p. 5801-
    Abstract: (1) Background: The use of benzodiazepines for the treatment of acute mania remains prevalent. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides an updated assessment of Clonazepam’s antimanic efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability. (2) Methods: A systematic search of multiple databases and clinical trial registries was conducted, aiming to identify any controlled studies of Clonazepam vs. placebo or any other pharmacotherapy for the treatment of acute mania. Pairwise meta-analytic evaluations were performed. (3) Results: Six studies were included with a total number of 192 participants, all of which were randomized controlled trials. Clonazepam may be superior to a placebo in the acute phase of treatment and no different to Lithium and Haloperidol in terms of efficacy, both acutely and in the medium to long term. Clonazepam may be an acceptable and well-tolerated treatment for acute mania, especially when used as an augmentation strategy. Comparisons were underpowered, with minimal sample sizes and only one study per comparison in many cases, thus limiting the generalizability of our findings and hindering firm clinical conclusions. (4) Conclusions: Given the prevalence of benzodiazepine use in current practice, more and larger studies are urgently needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185801
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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