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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elimination of Toxicity from Polyurethane Foam Plugs Used for Plant Culture
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 1985
    In:  HortScience Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 1985-06), p. 448-449
    Details
    In: HortScience, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 1985-06), p. 448-449
    Abstract: Polyurethane foam plugs commonly are used as collars or supports to grow plants in solution culture. Despite their utility, these foam plugs can be quite toxic to plants, particularly to small seedlings. We have observed tissue injury in tests using plugs to support lettuce, red beet, and potato plants in solution culture. Typically, the injury is initiated on the hypocotyl or stem tissue in direct contact with the foam, and appears within 30 hr as a brownish discoloration on the tissue surface. This discoloration can be followed by complete collapse of affected tissue and eventual death of the seedling. When injury does not progress beyond surface browning, the seedling survives but growth is slowed. In this paper, we report on different treatments that can be used to remove the toxicity of these plugs so they can be used in plant research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-5345 , 2327-9834
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.20.3.448
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 1985
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Variation in Elemental Content of Lettuce Grown under Base-line Conditions in Five Controlled-environment Facilities1
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 1981
    In:  Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science Vol. 106, No. 5 ( 1981-09), p. 661-666
    Details
    In: Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 106, No. 5 ( 1981-09), p. 661-666
    Abstract: An interlaboratory comparison was made of the variation in elemental concentration of leaf lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cv. Grand Rapids) plants grown under base-line conditions for 28 days in 5 controlled-environment facilities. Two studies were conducted by each of 5 investigators using a sphagnum peat-vermiculite mix obtained from a common source. Plant tissue from all studies was collected and analyzed at 1 laboratory for 10 essential elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu, Mo) and 10 non-essential elements (Al, Si, Ti, Sr, Ba, Na, Pb, V, Li, and Sn) by arc emission spectrography. The 10 essential elements occurred at concentrations adequate for normal lettuce growth. Tissue analysis data showed large differences in elemental concentration among experiments conducted by the same investigator as well as by different investigators suggesting inadvertent contamination of the leaf samples by the rooting media or contamination of the watering system in each controlled-environment facility. These differences, however, had no observable effect on vegetative growth. Based on a nested analysis on variance, 95% of the elements showed significant plant to plant differences in concentration. However, based on an analysis of variance components, the greatest source of variation was found among investigators.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-1062 , 2327-9788
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/JASHS.106.5.661
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 1981
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2040057-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Base-line Growth Studies of ‘First Lady’ Marigold in Controlled Environments1
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 1980
    In:  Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science Vol. 105, No. 5 ( 1980-09), p. 632-638
    Details
    In: Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 105, No. 5 ( 1980-09), p. 632-638
    Abstract: ‘First Lady’ marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) was grown 3 times in each of 5 different controlled environment facilities to establish baseline growth rates for this species. Plants were grown under a standardized set of environmental conditions established with a common set of standardized instruments. Data on plants grown only once in two additional laboratories are reported for comparative purposes. The variation in growth within each laboratory was greater than the average variation among laboratories for cotyledon length and width, plant weight measurements, and 3rd leaf length but not for leaf width. The base-line growth data, based on the described procedures, can be used to compare marigold growth in other controlled environments and to provide a check on the operational characteristics of research facilities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-1062 , 2327-9788
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/JASHS.105.5.632
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 1980
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2040057-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Base-line Growth Studies of ‘Grand Rapids’ Lettuce in Controlled Environments1
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 1978
    In:  Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science Vol. 103, No. 5 ( 1978-09), p. 649-655
    Details
    In: Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 103, No. 5 ( 1978-09), p. 649-655
    Abstract: ‘Grand Rapids’ lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) was grown in 4 different controlled environment facilities to establish base-line growth (“normal”) rates under a standard set of environmental conditions. Growing and environmental measurement procedures to minimize variability and environmental measuring instruments to set environmental conditions are described. The variation in growth within laboratories was greater than the variation among laboratories. The base-line data, with described procedures, can be used to compare lettuce growth in other growth chambers and provides a biological check for operation and environmental control in research facilities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-1062 , 2327-9788
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/JASHS.103.5.649
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 1978
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Shoot and Root Temperature Effects on Lettuce Growth in a Floating Hydroponic System
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 1998
    In:  Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science Vol. 123, No. 3 ( 1998-05), p. 361-364
    Details
    In: Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 123, No. 3 ( 1998-05), p. 361-364
    Abstract: `Ostinata' Butterhead lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) was used to study lettuce production at varied shoot (air) and root (pond) temperatures. A floating hydroponic system was used to study the influence of pond temperature on lettuce growth for 35 days. Pond water temperature setpoints of 17, 24, and 31 °C were used at air temperatures of 17/12, 24/19, and 31/26 °C (day/night). Pond temperature affected plant dry mass, and air temperature significantly affected growth over time. Maximum dry mass was produced at the 24/24 °C (air/pond temperature) treatment. Final dry mass at the 31/24 °C treatment did not differ significantly from the 24/24 °C treatment. The 24 °C pond treatment maintained market quality lettuce head production in 31 °C air. Using optimal pond temperature, lettuce production was deemed acceptable at a variety of air temperatures outside the normal range, and particularly at high air temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-1062 , 2327-9788
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/JASHS.123.3.361
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2040057-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Uniformity of Impatiens Plug Seedling Growth in Controlled Environments
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 1991
    In:  Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science Vol. 116, No. 5 ( 1991-09), p. 786-791
    Details
    In: Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 116, No. 5 ( 1991-09), p. 786-791
    Abstract: Uniformity of growth response of impatiens (Impatiems wallerana Hook. f.) plug seedlings was examined in four identical growth rooms. Differences among growth rooms for dry weight, height, and leaf area of 10- to 24-day-old seedlings were generally not significant. During six experiments over 6 months, an individual growth room was maintained under contant baseline environmental conditions. Differences in growth response over time appear to be related to nutrition and irradiance levels. For three experiments with nearly identical irradiance, temperature, and nutrition levels, dry weight and height growth differences over time were only rarely significant. These results illustrate that rather unsophisticated growth rooms can provide consistent growth response over time among experimental units.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-1062 , 2327-9788
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/JASHS.116.5.786
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 1991
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Carbohydrate Changes of Easter Lilies during Growth in Normal and Reduced Irradiance Environments
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 1989
    In:  Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science Vol. 114, No. 2 ( 1989-03), p. 310-315
    Details
    In: Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 114, No. 2 ( 1989-03), p. 310-315
    Abstract: Changes in carbohydrate types and quantities in the bulbs, stems, leaves, and buds of Easter lilies ( Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Nellie White’) forced under ambient or reduced irradiance conditions were investigated. Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that sucrose is the dominant soluble carbohydrate in bulb tissues, with glucose, fructose, and mannose present at significantly lower concentrations. During growth of the flowering shoot, mother bulb reserves are preferentially used regardless of greenhouse irradiance. Beginning 40 days after planting, there was a steady decrease in mother bulb starch concentration until anthesis, 70 days later. Increased bulb sucrose, glucose, mannose, and fructose concentrations were correlated with the induction of starch breakdown and carbohydrate export. Under natural greenhouse irradiance conditions, daughter bulb carbohydrate reserves were not used, as starch and soluble carbohydrate concentrations remained constant. Irradiance reductions of 50% to 85% significantly reduced total carbohydrate concentration in leaves and floral buds and induced export from the daughter bulb, as evidenced by elevated levels of daughter bulb soluble carbohydrates and reductions in starch concentration. Dark-grown plants exhibited similar daughter bulb carbohydrate metabolism patterns as plants grown in full sun: starch was not hydrolyzed and soluble carbohydrates did not increase in concentration. Collectively, these results suggest 1) bulb export metabolism is characterized by elevated soluble carbohydrate concentrations, 2) there is a minimum irradiance requirement for carbohydrate export processes from the daughter bulb, and 3) reductions in greenhouse irradiance result in reduced carbohydrate levels in Easter lily leaves and flower buds.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-1062 , 2327-9788
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/JASHS.114.2.310
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 1989
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Use of Bicarbonates to Inhibit in vitro Colony Growth of Botrytis cinerea
    Scientific Societies ; 1997
    In:  Plant Disease Vol. 81, No. 12 ( 1997-12), p. 1432-1438
    Details
    In: Plant Disease, Scientific Societies, Vol. 81, No. 12 ( 1997-12), p. 1432-1438
    Abstract: Fungicide resistance in Botrytis cinerea has caused increased concerns about losses due to gray mold on many important agricultural and horticultural crops. Since bicarbonates have been reported to be an effective control of powdery mildew on greenhouse roses, the purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of bicarbonates against B. cinerea. Assessments were made of in vitro fungal colony growth in response to ammonium, potassium, and sodium bicarbonates. Bicarbonates inhibited colony growth at concentrations as low as 20 mM. In addition, comparisons of several ammonium, potassium, and sodium salts were conducted to determine whether cation or anion is the active moiety. Although the bicarbonate anion primarily affected growth, the ammonium cation also contributed greatly to fungal growth inhibition. With the exception of dibasic phosphate, only salts with high pK a values or that are reducing agents, or both, decreased colony growth. The effect of pH on B. cinerea was then examined. Since bicarbonate anion concentration is related to pH, this parameter was examined in combination with several salts to separate pH effects from bicarbonate effects. As pH increased from 7.0 to 8.5, colony growth decreased with bicarbonates and phosphates, but not with ammonium sulfate. Since bicarbonates and phosphates decreased colony growth more than could be accounted for from pH alone, and since both have buffering characteristics, buffering capacity was examined and found to decrease colony growth but not as much as bicarbonate. Therefore, bicarbonates control B. cinerea colony growth in vitro, and both pH and buffering capacity contribute to, but are not solely responsible for, growth inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0191-2917 , 1943-7692
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.12.1432
    Language: English
    Publisher: Scientific Societies
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042679-3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    213 Effect of Plant Density on Plant and Stand Performance in Hydroponically Grown Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 1999
    In:  HortScience Vol. 34, No. 3 ( 1999-06), p. 478F-479
    Details
    In: HortScience, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 34, No. 3 ( 1999-06), p. 478F-479
    Abstract: Protein is an important and essential dietary component. Common bean, a major source of vegetable protein in the Americas, was chosen for study in controlled environments with a view to its potential for use in space colonies. Eighteen 0.58-m 2 stands of the cranberry type of bean, `Etna', were grown in the greenhouse at plant densities of 7, 15, and 28 plants/m 2 in a recirculating ebb-and-flow system. Duration of photoperiod and thermoperiod was 16 h. Day/night temperatures settings were 25/20 °C. Daily light integral was matched across greenhouse sections by means of supplemental lighting; it averaged 17 mol/m 2 per day. Crop cycle was 70 days from seed to harvest. At harvest, plants were dismembered so that dry weights of leaf, branch, stem, pod, and bean yields could be separately measured by node of origin. Internode lengths were recorded, and all loose trash recovered. The relationship between yield and plant density followed the form expected. Yield of edible biomass at 7 plants/m 2 (284 g/m 2 ) was 88% of that at 28 plants/m 2 (324 g/m 2 ), a significant difference. At 15 plants/m 2 it was 97%. The trend suggests that further gains (but only very small) in yield can be expected with increased density in this cultivar. Productivity and quantum yield at 28 plants/m 2 were 4.69 g/m 2 per day and 0.27 g/mol, respectively. The coefficient of variation for plants grown at 28 plants/m 2 was three times that of plants grown at 7 plants/m 2 (0.88 vs. 0.26). Yield component analysis, harvest index, and plant morphology at the different planting densities are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-5345 , 2327-9834
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.34.3.478F
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2040198-X
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    502 Intermittent CO2 Enrichment for Hydroponic Lettuce Production
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 1999
    In:  HortScience Vol. 34, No. 3 ( 1999-06), p. 532A-532
    Details
    In: HortScience, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 34, No. 3 ( 1999-06), p. 532A-532
    Abstract: CO 2 enrichment increases efficiency of light utilization and rate of growth, thereby reducing the need for supplemental lighting and potentially lowering cost of production. However, during warmer periods of the year, CO 2 enrichment is only possible intermittently due to the need to vent for temperature control. Previous research investigated the separate and combined effects of daily light integral and continuous CO 2 enrichment on biomass accumulation in lettuce. The current research was designed to look at the efficiency with which lettuce is able to utilize intermittent CO 2 enrichment, test the accuracy with which growth can be predicted and controlled, and examine effects of varying CO 2 enrichment and supplemental lighting on carbon assimilation and plant transpiration on a minute by minute basis. Experiments included application of various schedules of intermittent CO 2 enrichment and gas exchange analysis to elucidate underlying physiological processes. Same-day and day-to-day adjustments in daily light integrals were made in response to occasional CO 2 venting episodes, using an up-to-the-minute estimate of growth progress based on an integration of growth increments that were calculated from actual light levels and CO 2 concentrations experienced by the plants. Results indicated lettuce integrates periods of intermittent CO 2 enrichment well, achieving expected growth targets as measured by destructive sampling. The gas-exchange work quantified a pervasive impact of instantaneous light level and CO 2 concentration on conductance and CO 2 assimilation. Implications for when to apply supplemental lighting and CO 2 enrichment to best advantage and methods for predicting and controlling growth under intermittent CO 2 enrichment are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-5345 , 2327-9834
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.34.3.532A
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 1999
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