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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hippocampal neurons code individual episodic memories in humans
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Nature Human Behaviour
    Details
    In: Nature Human Behaviour, Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Abstract: The hippocampus is an essential hub for episodic memory processing. However, how human hippocampal single neurons code multi-element associations remains unknown. In particular, it is debated whether each hippocampal neuron represents an invariant element within an episode or whether single neurons bind together all the elements of a discrete episodic memory. Here we provide evidence for the latter hypothesis. Using single-neuron recordings from a total of 30 participants, we show that individual neurons, which we term episode-specific neurons, code discrete episodic memories using either a rate code or a temporal firing code. These neurons were observed exclusively in the hippocampus. Importantly, these episode-specific neurons do not reflect the coding of a particular element in the episode (that is, concept or time). Instead, they code for the conjunction of the different elements that make up the episode.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2397-3374
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01706-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2885046-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stress, seizures, and epilepsy: Patient narratives
    Elsevier BV ; 2018
    In:  Epilepsy & Behavior Vol. 80 ( 2018-03), p. 163-172
    Details
    In: Epilepsy & Behavior, Elsevier BV, Vol. 80 ( 2018-03), p. 163-172
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-5050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.01.005
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2018844-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on outpatient epilepsy care: An analysis of physician practices in Germany
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  Epilepsy & Behavior Vol. 117 ( 2021-04), p. 107833-
    Details
    In: Epilepsy & Behavior, Elsevier BV, Vol. 117 ( 2021-04), p. 107833-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-5050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107833
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2018844-4
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pre- and Postictal Changes in the Innate Immune System: Cause or Effect?
    S. Karger AG ; 2021
    In:  European Neurology Vol. 84, No. 5 ( 2021), p. 380-388
    Details
    In: European Neurology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 84, No. 5 ( 2021), p. 380-388
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Introduction: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Recent studies have shown that inflammatory processes might play a role in epileptogenesis. Their role in ictogenesis is much less clear. The aim of this study was to investigate peri-ictal changes of the innate immune system by analyzing changes of immune cells, as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Patients with active epilepsy admitted for video-EEG monitoring for presurgical evaluation were included. Blood was sampled every 20 min for 5 h on 3 consecutive days until a seizure occurred. After a seizure, additional samples were drawn immediately, as well as 1 and 24 h later. To analyze the different populations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, all samples underwent FACS for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, CD14, CD16, and CD19. For cytokine analysis, we used a custom bead-based multiplex immunoassay for IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and TNFα. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Fourteen patients with focal seizures during the sampling period were included. Natural killer (NK) cells showed a negative correlation ( 〈 i 〉 ρ 〈 /i 〉 = −0.3362, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.0195) before seizure onset and an immediate increase to 1.95-fold afterward. T helper ( 〈 i 〉 T 〈 /i 〉 〈 sub 〉 H 〈 /sub 〉 ) and B cells decreased by 2 and 8%, respectively, in the immediate postictal interval. Nonclassical and intermediate monocytes decreased not until 1 day after the seizures, and cytotoxic T ( 〈 i 〉 T 〈 /i 〉 〈 sub 〉 C 〈 /sub 〉 ) cells showed a long-lasting postictal increase by 4%. IL-10 and MCP-1 increased significantly after seizures, and IL-12 decreased in the postictal phase. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Discussion/Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Our study argues for a role of the innate immune system in the pre- and postictal phases. NK cells might be involved in preictal changes or be altered as an epiphenomenon in the immediate preictal interval.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0014-3022 , 1421-9913
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000516556
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482237-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trends in the neurological emergency room, focusing on persons with seizures
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  European Journal of Neurology Vol. 30, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. 3008-3015
    Details
    In: European Journal of Neurology, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. 3008-3015
    Abstract: Previous studies in neurological emergency rooms (nERs) have reported many non‐acute, self‐presenting patients, patients with delayed presentation of stroke, and frequent visits of persons with seizures (PWS). The aim of this study was to evaluate trends during the last decade, with special focus on PWS. Methods We retrospectively analyzed patients who presented to our specialized nER during the course of 5 months in 2017 and 2019, and included information on admission/referral, hospitalization, discharge diagnosis, and diagnostic tests/treatment in the nER. Results A total of 2791 patients (46.6% male, mean age 57 ± 21 years) were included. The most common diagnoses were cerebrovascular events (26.3%), headache (14.1%), and seizures (10.5%). Most patients presented with symptoms lasting 〉 48 h (41.3%). The PWS group included the largest proportion of patients presenting within 4.5 h of symptom onset (171/293, 58.4%), whereas only 37.1% of stroke patients presented within this time frame (273/735). Self‐presentation was the most common admission pathway (31.1%), followed by emergency service referral (30.4%, including the majority of PWS: 197/293, 67.2%). Despite known diagnosis of epilepsy in 49.2%, PWS more often underwent accessory diagnostic testing including cerebral imaging, compared to the overall cohort (accessory diagnostics 93.9% vs. 85.4%; cerebral imaging 70.1% vs. 64.1%). Electroencephalography in the nER was only performed in 20/111 patients (18.0%) with a first seizure. Nearly half of the patients (46.7%) were discharged home after nER work‐up, including most self‐presenters (632/869, 72.7%) and headache patients (377/393, 88.3%), as well as 37.2% (109/293) of PWS. Conclusion After 10 years, nER overuse remains a problem. Stroke patients still do not present early enough, whereas PWS, even those with known epilepsy, often seek acute and extensive assessment, indicating gaps in pre‐hospital management and possible over‐assessment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1351-5101 , 1468-1331
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ene.v30.10
    DOI: 10.1111/ene.15976
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020241-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Surgical hematoma evacuation of cortical intracerebral hemorrhage ≥10 ml reduces risk of subsequent epilepsy by more than 70%: A retrospective monocenter study
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  European Journal of Neurology Vol. 30, No. 7 ( 2023-07), p. 2099-2105
    Details
    In: European Journal of Neurology, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 7 ( 2023-07), p. 2099-2105
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to re‐evaluate risk factors for post‐ICH epilepsy (PICHE) and examine the impact of surgical hematoma evacuation on epilepsy development after ICH. Background and purpose Epilepsy is a common complication after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Information on risk factors is still scarce and the role of ICH evacuation remains uncertain. Methods We retrospectively included patients with spontaneous ICH treated in our hospital in 2006–2019. Patients' medical records were analyzed. In addition, mailed questionnaires and telephone interviews were used to complete the dataset. Uni‐ and multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) were applied to investigate risk factors for PICHE and the impact of surgical ICH evacuation. Results Among 587 ICH patients available for analyses, 139 (23.7%) developed PICHE (mean follow‐up 1795 ± 1378 days). The median time of epilepsy onset was 7 months after ICH (range 1–132 months). Risk factors associated with PICHE were cortical hemorrhage (multivariable HR 1.65 [95% CI 1.14–2.37]; p  = 0.008), ICH volume  〉  10 ml (multivariable HR 1.91 [95% CI 1.33–2.73]; p   〈  0.001) and acute symptomatic seizures (multivariable HR 1.81 [95% CI 1.20–2.75]; p  = 0.005). Patients with cortical ICH  〉  10 ml who underwent surgical hematoma evacuation were less likely to develop epilepsy than those with conservative treatment alone (multivariable HR 0.26 [95% CI 0.08–0.84]; p  = 0.025). Conclusions Post‐ICH epilepsy is frequent and predicted by large cortical ICH and acute symptomatic seizures. Hematoma evacuation reduced the risk of PICHE by more than 70% in patients with large cortical ICH. This finding could be considered in the clinical decision making on the acute treatment of ICH.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1351-5101 , 1468-1331
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ene.v30.7
    DOI: 10.1111/ene.15577
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020241-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Epidemiologie der Epilepsie im höheren Lebensalter – Englische Version
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Zeitschrift für Epileptologie Vol. 35, No. S2 ( 2022-12), p. 78-81
    Details
    In: Zeitschrift für Epileptologie, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 35, No. S2 ( 2022-12), p. 78-81
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1617-6782 , 1610-0646
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10309-022-00480-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3154797-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2105600-6
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anisotropy of the In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Resistivity and the Hall Effect in the Normal State of Vicinal-Grown YBa2Cu3O7−δ Thin Films
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2021-03-09), p. 675-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2021-03-09), p. 675-
    Abstract: The resistivity and the Hall effect in the copper-oxide high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) are remarkably anisotropic. Using a thin film of YBCO grown on an off-axis cut SrTiO3 substrate allows one to investigate these anisotropic transport properties in a planar and well-defined sample geometry employing a homogeneous current density. In the normal state, the Hall voltage probed parallel to the copper-oxide layers is positive and strongly temperature dependent, whereas the out-of-plane Hall voltage is negative and almost temperature independent. The results confirm previous measurements on single crystals by an entirely different measurement method and demonstrate that vicinal thin films might be also useful for investigations of other layered nanomaterials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano11030675
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: clinical characteristics and outcome
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Brain and Behavior Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-05)
    Details
    In: Brain and Behavior, Wiley, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-05)
    Abstract: Clinical characteristics, outpatient situation, and outcome in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) remain to be elucidated. Methods Patients diagnosed with PNES after video‐electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring (VEM) 03/2000–01/2016 at the Erlangen Epilepsy Center were surveyed between June 2016 and February 2017. Primary outcome was PNES cessation defined as no PNES episodes within  〉  = 12 months prior to the interview. Secondary outcome variables included quality of life (QoL) and dependency. Sensitivity analysis included patients with proven PNES during VEM without comorbid epilepsy. Results Ninety‐nine patients were included (median age 38 (interquartile range (IQR 29–52)) years; 68 (69%) females, follow‐up 4 (IQR 2.1–7.7) years). Twenty‐eight (28%) patients suffered from comorbid epilepsy. Twenty‐five (25%) patients reported PNES cessation. Older age at symptom onset (odds ratio (OR) related to PNES cessation: 0.95 (95% CI 0.90–0.99)), comorbid epilepsy (OR 0.16 (95% CI 0.03–0.83)), anxiety disorder (OR 0.15 (95% CI 0.04–0.61)), and tongue biting (OR 0.22 (95% CI 0.03–0.91)) remained independently associated with ongoing PNES activity after adjustment. Sensitivity analysis ( n  = 63) revealed depressive disorder (OR 0.03 (95% CI 0.003–0.34)) instead of anxiety as independent predictor, while this seemed relevant only in patients older than 26 years at onset (OR 0.04 (95% CI 0.002–0.78) versus OR 0.21 (95% CI 0.02–1.84) in patients  younger than 26 years). PNES cessation was associated with increased median QoL (8 (IQR 7–9) versus 5.5 (IQR 4–7); p   〈  .001) and an increased frequency of financial independency (14 (56%) versus 21 (28%); p  = .01). Conclusions We found poor outcomes in PNES especially in older patients at onset with comorbid depressive disorder. Comorbid epilepsy also seems to be a major risk factor of ongoing PNES activity, which in turn affects patients’ daily living.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2162-3279 , 2162-3279
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/brb3.v12.5
    DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2567
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2623587-0
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Attitudes toward persons with epilepsy as friends: Results of a factorial survey
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Epilepsia Vol. 64, No. 3 ( 2023-03), p. 769-776
    Details
    In: Epilepsia, Wiley, Vol. 64, No. 3 ( 2023-03), p. 769-776
    Abstract: Discrimination against persons with epilepsy (PWEs) may persist. The aim of this study was to examine whether epilepsy is an obstacle to desired friendship. Methods A factorial survey (vignettes), which is less biased by social desirability, was applied to PWEs, their relatives, and lay persons. The vignettes described a person who was varied by the dimensions of age (younger, same age, older), gender (male, female), disease (healthy, mild epilepsy, severe epilepsy [generalized tonic–clonic seizures], diabetes), origin (German, non‐German), contact (phone/internet, activities at home, activities outside), frequency of contacts (weekly, monthly), and distance (around the corner, 10 km away). Respondents rated their willingness to befriend the person on a 10‐point Likert scale. Multivariate regression determined the contribution of each dimension on the judgment. Results Participants were 64 PWEs (age = 37.1 ± 14.0 years), 64 relatives of PWEs (age = 45.1 ± 13.6 years), and 98 controls without contact with PWEs (age = 24.4 ± 10.1 years). Controls were less interested in a friendship with a PWE with mild epilepsy (−3.4%) and even more avoided PWEs with severe epilepsy (−11.7%), whereas in PWEs with tonic–clonic seizures, a mild form of epilepsy was actually conducive to friendship (+7.0%). Controls preferred females (+5.0%) and disliked younger people (−12.3%) and contacts via the internet or telephone (−7.3%). PWEs were also less interested in younger people (−5.8%), and relatives of PWEs had a lower preference for friendships with longer distance (−2.3%). Significance PWEs still suffer from a risk of social avoidance, and this becomes more evident with generalized motor seizures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0013-9580 , 1528-1167
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/epi.17491
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2002194-X
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