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  • 1
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    Eficiência de utilização da energia metabolizável em bovinos Nelore puros e cruzados submetidos a quatro níveis de concentrado na ração
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2006
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 2006-06), p. 894-901
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 2006-06), p. 894-901
    Abstract: The objective of this trial was to estimate the efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy (MEEU) for maintenance (Km) and weight gain (kg) of feedlot purebred and crossbred Nellore. Seventy-two young bulls averaging 10 to 11 months of age from four genetic groups: Nellore, F1 Nellore x Angus, F1 Nellore x Brown Swiss and F1 Nellore x Simental and initial average body weights of 286, 309, 333 and 310 kg, respectively, were used in this study. A completely randomized design with a 4x4 factorial arrangement was adopted and bulls from the four genetic groups were fed diets containing: 30, 40, 60 and 70% of concentrate on dry matter basis. Three animals from each genetic group were assigned to the maintenance group and other three were slaughtered at the beginning of the trial. The intake of metabolizable energy for maintenance (MMEI), expressed in Kcal/kg0.75, corresponded to the point in which the coefficient between fasting heat production (FHP) and MMEI was closer to 1. The MEEU for maintenance (Km) was estimated by dividing FHP by MEIm while that for gain (Kg) was estimated by regressing retained energy (kcal/kg0.75) on MEIg. The ME requirements were obtained by dividing the net energy requirements by Km. Genetic group and dietary level of concentrate did not significantly affect Km and Kg that averaged 0.67 and 0.40, respectively. The ME requirements for gain (MEg) and the total ME requirements (MEt) followed the increase in body weight. However, the requirement of MEt and MEg per unit of empty body weight (EBW) decreased as body weight increased indicating a greater efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982006000300036
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 2
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    Composição do ganho e exigências de energia e proteína para ganho de peso em bovinos Nelore puros e mestiços
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2006
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 2006-06), p. 886-893
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 2006-06), p. 886-893
    Abstract: The objectives of this trial were to estimate gain composition and energy and protein requirements for weight gain of purebred and crossbred Nellore. Sixty young bulls averaging 10 to 11 months of age from four genetic groups: Nellore, F1 Nellore x Angus, F1 Nellore x Brown Swiss and F1 Nellore x Simental and initial average body weights of 286, 309, 333 and 310 kg, respectively, were used in this study. A completely randomized design was adopted and bulls from the four genetic groups were fed diets containing: 30, 40, 60 and 70% of concentrate. Three animals from each genetic group were slaughtered at the beginning of the trial and used as reference for initial body composition. The net protein and energy requirements for gain of 1 kg of empty body weight (EBW) were estimated by the equation Y' = a. b. X (b-1), where a and b are the parameters of the regression equations and X is the EBW of the animals. The identity test of the models indicated no significant differences among genetic groups for the net energy and protein requirements for weight gain. It was observed a decrease of 10.6% and an increase of 37.8%, respectively, in the protein and energy requirements for body weight gain between 250 and 550 kg. These changes are result of the increase in the content of fat and reduction in that of protein as EBW increased. The net requirements of protein and energy for body weight gain were estimated as 143.5 g and 4.7 Mcal, respectively, for a body weight of 450 kg.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982006000300035
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 3
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    Composição corporal e exigências de energia de mantença em bovinos Nelore, puros mestiços, em confinamento
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2006
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 2006-06), p. 878-885
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 2006-06), p. 878-885
    Abstract: The objectives of this trial were to estimate the body composition of fat and protein and the net energy requirements for maintenance of purebred and crossbred Nellore. Seventy-two young bulls averaging 10 to 11 months of age from four genetic groups were used: 18 Nellore, 18 F1 Nellore x Angus, 18 F1 Nellore x Brown Swiss and 18 F1 Nellore x Simental with initial average weights of 286, 309, 333 and 310 kg, respectively. A completely randomized design was adopted and bulls from the four genetic groups were fed diets containing: 30, 40, 60 and 70% of concentrate. Three animals from each genetic group were feed restricted while other three bulls were slaughtered at the beginning of the trial and used as reference. The net energy requirements of maintenance were obtained by regressing heat production (kcal/kg0.75/day) on metabolizable energy intake (Mcal/kg0.75/day) extrapolating to zero level of metabolizable energy intake. There was no difference in net energy requirements for maintenance among genetic groups. Body contents of fat, protein and fat concentration (g/kg EBW) increased, respectively, 260.2, 92.6 and 67.8% when body weight increased from 250 to 550 kg whereas body protein concentration reduced 10.9%. The identity test of the non-linear model indicated no significant differences among genetic groups for body composition of fat, protein and energy as well as for net energy requirements for maintenance. The estimated net energy requirement for maintenance was 79.45 kcal/kg0.75/day in this study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982006000300034
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 4
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    Nitrogen fertilization strategies with protected urea for tropical grasses in an integrated crop-livestock system
    Southern Cross Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Australian Journal of Crop Science , No. 16(05):2022 ( 2022-5-1), p. 545-554
    Details
    In: Australian Journal of Crop Science, Southern Cross Publishing, , No. 16(05):2022 ( 2022-5-1), p. 545-554
    Abstract: The intercropping of corn and grass allows for the production of grains, and simultaneously, the recuperation and renovation of pastures. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of N doses on the yield, structure, chemical-bromatological characteristics, and the N use efficiency of Brachiara brizantha cultivars in an integrated crop-livestock system. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications, in a slip-plot scheme. The plots were formed of two grass plants, Marandu and Paiaguás, intercropped with corn and subplots composed of nitrogen doses (70, 100, and 130 kg N ha-1). During the system’s establishment (1st cycle), the Paiaguás grass presented higher values for all morphogenic and structural characteristics and higher forage yield when compared to Marandu grass. After the corn harvest, the interaction effect of the N doses and the cultivars for the foliar structure emergence and the number of living leaves was observed. The variables foliar elongation rate, stem elongation rate, and phyllochron were not influenced by any of the investigated factors (P 〉 0.05). The highest DM content was obtained with the application of 100 kg ha-1 of N, whereas, for the other chemical characteristics, there was only an effect among the cultivars. Paiaguás grass exhibited the highest levels of NDF, ADF, lignin, and MM. CP levels were not influenced by the factors studied. Marandu grass and the use of 70 kg N ha-1 are recommended for intercropping with corn
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1835-2693 , 1835-2707
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.05
    DOI: 10.21475/ajcs
    DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.05.p3472
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Southern Cross Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
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    Parâmetros ruminal, sangüíneo e urinário e digestibilidade de nutrientes em novilhas leiteiras recebendo diferentes níveis de monensina
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2005
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 34, No. 6 ( 2005-12), p. 2143-2154
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 34, No. 6 ( 2005-12), p. 2143-2154
    Abstract: The objective of this trial was to study the effects of different dietary levels of the ionophore monensin on apparent digestibility of nutrients and on ruminal, blood, and urinary metabolites in dairy heifers. Samples of ruminal fluid (pre-feeding and 2 hours post-feeding), blood, urine, and feces all were collected from 28 confined Holstein heifers. Diets contained (dry matter basis): 32.84% of concentrate (corn grain, soybean meal, urea, and mineral salt mixture), 33.58% of corn silage, and 33.58% of sugarcane. The following amounts of monensin were included in the diets: 0, 14, 28 or 42 mg/kg of diet dry matter. The experiment was analyzed as a complete randomized design with four treatments and seven replications. Both regression analysis and orthogonal contrasts were part of the statistical model. No significant differences before feeding were observed for ruminal pH and for the ruminal concentrations of ammonia, acetate, propionate, and butyrate by adding monensin to the diets. However, a significant reduction in the acetate:propionate ratio was detected. Conversely, ruminal pH decreased and ruminal propionate increased when samples were taken at two hours after feeding. As before, the acetate:propionate ratio was reduced when monesin was increased from 0 to 42 mg/kg of diet dry matter. In addition, orthogonal contrasts showed a decrease in the concentration of ruminal ammonia before feeding. Including monesin in diet of dairy heifers did not alter the concentrations of glucose and blood urea. Similarly, intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein, ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TC), and neutral detergent fiber were all unchanged by dietary supplementation with monensin. Significant quadratic effects were observed for apparent digestibilities of DM, EE, and TC and also for the excretion of urinary nitrogen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982005000600040
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 6
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    Comportamento ingestivo, consumo e digestibilidade de nutrientes, produção e composição do leite de vacas alimentadas com silagem de milho ou cana-de-açúcar com caroço de algodão
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2009
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 38, No. 10 ( 2009-10), p. 2053-2062
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 38, No. 10 ( 2009-10), p. 2053-2062
    Abstract: Twelve cows were allotted to three 4 × 4 latin squares to evaluate intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients, milk composition and production and feeding behavior. The treatments consisted of maize silage or sugarcane with 0, 7 or 14% of whole cottonseed. In the established forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, the corn silage treatment was superior for most of parameters evaluated including dry matter intake (20.8 kg/d), milk and fat corrected milk production (25.0 and 27.0 kg/d) and daily production of fat and protein (984 and 772 g/d). Sugarcane with 7% of whole cottonseed treatment increased DM intake (17.1 vs. 15.5 kg/d) and sugarcane treatments with both 7% and 14% increased the intakes of ether extract (0.41 and 0.59 vs 0.24 kg/dia), non fibrous carbohydrate (7.4 and 7.3 vs 6.7 kg/d) and NDT (11.6 and 11.9 vs 10.4 kg/d) compared to sugarcane without whole cottonseed treatment. The higher intake of nutrients resulted in increases in milk production (19.7 and 20.6 vs 18.6 kg/d), fat corrected milk production (21.1 and 21.6 vs 18.9 kg/d) and daily fat (771 and 781 vs 664 g/d) and protein production (602 and 625 vs 565 g/d) by the two levels compared to sugarcane without whole cottonseed treatment, respectively. Sugarcane with 14% whole cottonseed treatment presented negative weight variation (-0.22 kg/d), larger period in rumination activity than sugarcane without whole cottonseed, tendency of lower dry matter and nutrient intake than sugarcane with 7% whole cottonseed. By the data presented, the use and recommendation of larger whole cottonseed content diets should be analyzed with care.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982009001000028
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 7
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    Avaliação de diferentes tipos de camas de frango, associadas à uréia, na suplementação de novilhos consumindo forragem de baixa qualidade
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2004
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 33, No. 2 ( 2004-04), p. 471-480
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 33, No. 2 ( 2004-04), p. 471-480
    Abstract: Twelve 7/8 Holstein-Zebu steers were used in three 4 x 4 latin square design, consisted of three body weight groups (250, 350 e 450 kg), individualy housed in covered pens, during 60 days (four periods of 15 days). Each group of four animals were fed during four periods, with "Napier" grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and supplements constituted of four types of poultry litter (wood shavings, chopped corn cobs, coffee hulls and chopped and dry elephant grass "Cameroon"), urea and concentrate based on corn and soybean meal (70:30%), in levels of 75%, 12.5% and 12.5%, respectively. The forage and supplements were fed separatelly once per day in the morning and mineral mixture and water were furnished always ad libitum. It was observed that the association of high levels of poultry litters and urea showed elevated inhibitory effect in supplement intake, ranging from 174 to 405 g of dry matter/animal/day, for the supplements containing poultry litter constituted of chopped and dry elephant grass and wood shavings, respectively. However, the supplements supplied the nutritional requirements of the animals with 350 kg of live weight and gain of 370 g/day up to 32%, 29% and 40%, for CP, Ca and P, respectively, although the consumption of them were only 2.8 to 6.3% of the total dry matter intake. Despite the lack of supplement effects in ruminal and serum parameters, it was verified positive correlations among intakes of dry matter and crude protein of supplements and ruminal ammonia levels.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982004000200026
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2004
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  • 8
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    Structural and production characteristics and nutritive value of two tropical grasses submitted to different levels of nitrogen
    Southern Cross Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Australian Journal of Crop Science , No. 16(09):2022 ( 2022-9-1), p. 1117-1126
    Details
    In: Australian Journal of Crop Science, Southern Cross Publishing, , No. 16(09):2022 ( 2022-9-1), p. 1117-1126
    Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate increasing levels of nitrogen on and production and nutritive value of Andropogon and Massai grasses under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Brazil denominated Middle Nort Region. The design used was completely randomized, with sixteen replicatios. The treatments consisted of nitrogen rates: 0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg N ha-1 and two forages, which were evaluated independently. The grasses used were Panicum maximum cv. Massai and Andropogon gayanus cv. Kunth. For Andropogon grass, there was an effect of nitrogen fertilization on thecharacteristics: leaf elongation rate, stem elongation rate, leaf senescence rate and leaf blade final length and, in all cases, the behavior was quadratic. Nitrogen also influenced the morphogenic characteristics: leaf appearance rate, leaf elongation rate, leaf senescence rate, phyllochron, leaf blade final length, number of live leaves per tiller and It was not significant for tiller population density of Massai grass, but the behavior varied according to the characteristic, in which leaf appearance rate and number of live leaves per tiller had decreasing linear behavior, while in phyllochron it increased linearly as nitrogen doses increased. Most of the productive characteristics of the grasses had increasing linear behavior (total biomass production of forage, leaf biomass and stem biomass in Andropogon grass, while in Massai grass, only the total forage production and dead material accumulation had an increasing linear behavior with increase of N doses. Quadratic effect only for masai leaf biomass behavior and there was practically no production of stems, affecting the leaf-stem ratio ) while the highest efficiency of nitrogen utilization was achieved with the application of 150 kg N ha-1 for the two grasses. Nitrogen fertilization also favored the nutritive value of the two grasses positively, with linear increase for crude protein and mineral matter contents, only in Massai, and reduction in the contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and hemicellulose of grasses. Increasing doses of nitrogen fertilization favors the production, structure and chemical composition of the two grasses. However, the highest efficiency of use is obtained with the application of 150 kg N ha-1.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1835-2693 , 1835-2707
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.09
    DOI: 10.21475/ajcs
    DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.09.p3624
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Southern Cross Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 9
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    Consumo, digestibilidade aparente de nutrientes e disponibilidade de minerais em ovinos, em função de diferentes níveis de cama de frango na dieta
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2004
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 2004-08), p. 1060-1070
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 2004-08), p. 1060-1070
    Abstract: Twenty sheep were allotted in metallic crates during 15 days, to determine the effects of different levels of poultry litter on consumption and nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and on the major elements apparent availability. The animals were distributed in four treatments in a blocks design, with five replicates. Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp) hay was the forage source and poultry litter was composed of chopped corn cobs and coffee hulls in the ratio of 1:1. The diets were isoprotein with four levels of hay (80, 60, 40 and 20%), four levels of poultry litter (0, 20, 40 and 60%) and 20% concentrate, as fed basis. The intakes of DM, OM, TDN, TC, NSC, CP and EE of the total diet were not affected by treatments, while the intakes of NDF and ADF decreased with the increase of poultry litter level in the diet. The digestibility coefficients of TC, NSC and EE increased from 59.7 to 64.6%, 88.5 to 93.2% and 1.5 to 30.2%, respectively, with the increase of poultry litter level from 0 to 60% of the diet. The digestibility coefficients of DM and OM did not change, with mean values of 55.8 and 61.9%, and those of NDF and CP decreased from 52.0 to 39.4% and 77.5 to 58.0%, respectively, with the increase of poultry litter level from 0 to 60% of the diet. The nitrogen balance changed from negative to slightly positive with the increase of poultry litter, although high urinary excretions of nitrogen were observed in all treatments. The 40 and 60% of poultry litter in the diet increased the supply of crude protein and magnesium, compared to the forage, and supplied more than 100% of the requirements of Ca, P, Na and K to the animals. However, the apparent availabilities of Ca and P were low and negative, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982004000400026
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2004
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  • 10
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    Influência de Rumensin®, óleo de soja e níveis de concentrado sobre o consumo e os parâmetros fermentativos ruminais em bovinos
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2001
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 2001-10), p. 1650-1658
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 2001-10), p. 1650-1658
    Abstract: The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of soybean oil (500 mL/animal/day), Rumensin® (3g/animal/day) and levels of concentrate (0, 25, 50 and 75%) in the diet of bovines, and sugarcane as a forage source, in some ruminal parameters and dry matter intake. There were used four rumen fistulated 7/8 holstein-zebu steers, at 400 kg of live weight. The experiment consisted of four periods of 15 days, in which 12 were for adaptation to the diets and three for sampling. It was used one level of concentrate in each period and oil and Rumensin were distributed in a latin square, as 2x2 factorial design. Ammonia, pH and VFA analysis in the rumen fluid were measured in samples collected at 0, 3 and 6 hours after feeding. The pH was immediately measured by glass electrode, ammonia was analysed by colorimetry and VFA by gas chromatography. Acetate, acetate to propionate ratio and pH were decreased, but isobutyrate, isovalerate, and ruminal ammonia were increased in high concentrate levels. Propionate was increased and acetate to propionate ratio was decreased with Rumensin. Butyrate was increased with oil in the forage diet, but decreased with increasing concentrate. Ruminal ammonia and pH were decreased during sampling time. In vitro deamination activity by the mixed ruminal bacteria decreased by increasing concentrate and increased by adding oil. Dry matter intake increased by increasing concentrate level and decreased with Rumensin and oil. All other main effects and interactions were not significant.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982001000600035
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2001
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