In:
Gerontology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 68, No. 2 ( 2022), p. 151-161
Abstract:
〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background/Aims: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Walking speed (WS) is an objective measure of physical capacity and a modifiable risk factor of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. In this study, we (i) determined effects of 3-month supervised aerobic-strength training on WS, muscle strength, and habitual physical activity; (ii) evaluated capacity of long-term (21 months) training to sustain higher WS; and (iii) identified determinants of WS in the elderly. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Volunteers (F 48/M 14, 68.4 ± 7.1 years) completed either 3-month aerobic-strength (3 × 1 h/week, 〈 i 〉 n 〈 /i 〉 = 48) or stretching (active control, 〈 i 〉 n 〈 /i 〉 = 14) intervention (study A). Thirty-one individuals (F 24/M 7) from study A continued in supervised aerobic-strength training (2 × 1 h/week, 21 months) and 6 (F 5/M 1) became nonexercising controls. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Three-month aerobic-strength training increased preferred and maximal WS (10-m walk test, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 & #x3c; 0.01), muscle strength ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 & #x3c; 0.01) and torque ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 & #x3c; 0.01) at knee extension, and 24-h habitual physical activity ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 & #x3c; 0.001), while stretching increased only preferred WS ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 & #x3c; 0.03). Effect of training on maximal WS was most prominent in individuals with baseline WS between 1.85 and 2.30 m·s 〈 sup 〉 −1 〈 /sup 〉 . Maximal WS measured before intervention correlated negatively with age ( 〈 i 〉 r 〈 /i 〉 = −0.339, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.007), but this correlation was weakened by the intervention ( 〈 i 〉 r 〈 /i 〉 = −0.238, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.06). WS progressively increased within the first 9 months of aerobic-strength training ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 & #x3c; 0.001) and remained elevated during 21-month intervention ( 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 & #x3c; 0.01). Cerebellar gray matter volume (MRI) was positively associated with maximal ( 〈 i 〉 r 〈 /i 〉 = 0.54; 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 & #x3c; 0.0001) but not preferred WS and explained & #x3e;26% of its variability, while age had only minor effect. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Supervised aerobic-strength training increased WS, strength, and dynamics of voluntary knee extension as well as habitual physical activity in older individuals. Favorable changes in WS were sustainable over the 21-month period by a lower dose of aerobic-strength training. Training effects on WS were not limited by age, and cerebellar cortex volume was the key determinant of WS.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0304-324X
,
1423-0003
Language:
English
Publisher:
S. Karger AG
Publication Date:
2022
detail.hit.zdb_id:
1482689-6
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