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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structure and function of the global ocean microbiome
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2015
    In:  Science Vol. 348, No. 6237 ( 2015-05-22)
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 348, No. 6237 ( 2015-05-22)
    Abstract: Microbes are dominant drivers of biogeochemical processes, yet drawing a global picture of functional diversity, microbial community structure, and their ecological determinants remains a grand challenge. We analyzed 7.2 terabases of metagenomic data from 243 Tara Oceans samples from 68 locations in epipelagic and mesopelagic waters across the globe to generate an ocean microbial reference gene catalog with 〉 40 million nonredundant, mostly novel sequences from viruses, prokaryotes, and picoeukaryotes. Using 139 prokaryote-enriched samples, containing 〉 35,000 species, we show vertical stratification with epipelagic community composition mostly driven by temperature rather than other environmental factors or geography. We identify ocean microbial core functionality and reveal that 〉 73% of its abundance is shared with the human gut microbiome despite the physicochemical differences between these two ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1261359
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Variability of the Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation along the A25 Greenland–Portugal Transect Repeated from 2002 to 2012
    American Meteorological Society ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 46, No. 7 ( 2016-07), p. 1989-2003
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 46, No. 7 ( 2016-07), p. 1989-2003
    Abstract: The variability of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation due to internal waves is quantified using a finescale parameterization applied to the A25 Greenland–Portugal transect repeated every two years from 2002 to 2012. The internal wave velocity shear and strain are estimated for each cruise at 91 stations from full depth vertical profiles of density and velocity. The 2002–12 averaged dissipation rate 〈 ε 2002–2012 〉 in the upper ocean lays in the range 1–10 × 10 −10 W kg −1 . At depth, 〈 ε 2002–2012 〉 is smaller than 1 × 10 −10 W kg −1 except over rough topography found at the continental slopes, the Reykjanes Ridge, and in a region delimited by the Azores–Biscay Rise and Eriador Seamount. There, the vertical energy flux of internal waves is preferentially oriented toward the surface and 〈 ε 2002–2012 〉 is in the range 1–20 × 10 −10 W kg −1 . The interannual variability in the dissipation rates is remarkably small over the whole transect. A few strong dissipation rate events exceeding the uncertainty of the finescale parameterization occur at depth between the Azores–Biscay Rise and Eriador Seamount. This region is also marked by mesoscale eddying flows resulting in enhanced surface energy level and enhanced bottom velocities. Estimates of the vertical energy fluxes into the internal tide and into topographic internal waves suggest that the latter are responsible for the strong dissipation events. At Eriador Seamount, both topographic internal waves and the internal tide contribute with the same order of magnitude to the dissipation rate while around the Reykjanes Ridge the internal tide provides the bulk of the dissipation rate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0186.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 3
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    A Turbulence Survey in the Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean Sea, during the Seasonal Destratification
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-02-25), p. 499-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-02-25), p. 499-
    Abstract: The seasonality of the vertical mixing at coastal sites is not well characterized yet. Here, a time series of the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy (ε) was obtained from weekly morning microstructure observations covering the destratification period (July 2015, February 2016) at a coastal site in the western Mediterranean Sea, influenced by freshwater runoffs. Estimated with bulk parameters from the public re-analyzed dataset ERA5, the Ekman layer, and the convective penetration depth scale with the mixed layer depth (MLD) with a good agreement. Below the MLD, peaks of ε are observed in the baroclinic layers that progressively overlap with the bottom layer, where repeated near-bottom turbidity peaks provide evidence of sediment resuspension, suggesting energetic processes within the bottom boundary layer. In the subsurface, moderate values (10−9 to 10−8 W kg−1) are observed, following a Burr type XII distribution. Significant correlation with ε at MLD is obtained with a model combining the effects of wind, wind–wave, and convection, highlighting a calm sea bias in our data, plus a sunrise bias when morning buoyancy fluxes are stabilizing. Another correlation, obtained from a pure-wind estimation 18 h before, suggests the role of wind in generating internal waves in the stratified layers, thus, impacting mixing intensity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse11030499
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
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    Ocean variability over the Agulhas Bank and its dynamical connection with the southern Benguela upwelling system
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 114, No. C12 ( 2009-12-30)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 114, No. C12 ( 2009-12-30)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2009JC005358
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2009
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 5
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    Linking mixing processes and climate variability to the heat content distribution of the Eastern Mediterranean abyss
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2018-07-27)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2018-07-27)
    Abstract: The heat contained in the ocean (OHC) dominates the Earth’s energy budget and hence represents a fundamental parameter for understanding climate changes. However, paucity of observational data hampers our knowledge on OHC variability, particularly in abyssal areas. Here, we analyze water characteristics, observed during the last three decades in the abyssal Ionian Sea (Eastern Mediterranean), where two competing convective sources of bottom water exist. We find a heat storage of ~1.6 W/m 2 – twice that assessed globally in the same period – exceptionally well-spread throughout the local abyssal layers. Such an OHC accumulation stems from progressive warming and salinification of the Eastern Mediterranean, producing warmer near-bottom waters. We analyze a new process that involves convectively-generated waters reaching the abyss as well as the triggering of a diapycnal mixing due to rough bathymetry, which brings to a warming and thickening of the bottom layer, also influencing water-column potential vorticity. This may affect the prevailing circulation, altering the local cyclonic/anticyclonic long-term variability and hence precondition future water-masses formation and the redistribution of heat along the entire water-column.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29343-4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 6
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    Coastal mesozooplankton respond to decadal environmental changes via community restructuring
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Marine Ecology Vol. 44, No. 3 ( 2023-06)
    Details
    In: Marine Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 44, No. 3 ( 2023-06)
    Abstract: Long‐term ecological research has revealed the impact of climate on marine ecosystems at multiple time scales. Changes in the pelagic system have been detected at the LTER‐MC site in the Gulf of Naples (Tyrrhenian Sea, western Mediterranean) since 1984. Here we analyzed the time series to determine whether zooplankton had significantly changed over the three decades 1984–2015. In addition to the seasonal cycle as the main mode of temporal variability, we observed long‐term trends in the functional groups and species. Copepods, the most abundant group, declined over the years owing to a decrease in the abundance of Acartia clausi , Centropages typicus , the Paracalanus parvus complex, and Oithona spp. Increasing trends were observed for strict carnivores (chaetognaths) and typical filter feeders (cladocerans, appendicularians, and thaliaceans); the latter may be linked to a higher density of 〈 5 μm phytoplankton. Two main temporal shifts were detected: (i) in 1985–87, similarly to the regime shifts registered in other basins of the Northern Hemisphere, and (ii) after 2011, likely related to local atmospheric forcing. The disappearance or decrease in some neritic copepods and the increased abundance of typical offshore species seem to reflect the enhanced influence of the open Tyrrhenian waters at the sampling site. Despite these changes, no significant trends were detected in the total zooplankton abundance and overall composition, which indicates restructuring within the whole community. These results underline the need to examine the entire zooplankton diversity spectrum and improve our knowledge of their ecological traits to detect and interpret long‐term variability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0173-9565 , 1439-0485
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/maec.v44.3
    DOI: 10.1111/maec.12746
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
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    HF Radar Wind Direction: Multiannual Analysis Using Model and HF Network
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2023-06-08), p. 2991-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2023-06-08), p. 2991-
    Abstract: HF radar systems have the potential to measure the wind direction, in addition to surface currents and wave fields. However, studies on HF radar for wind direction determination are rare in the scientific literature. Starting with the results presented in Saviano et al. (2021), we here expand on the reliability of the multiannual wind direction data retrieved over two periods, from May 2008 to December 2010 and from January to December 2012, by a network of three SeaSonde high-frequency (HF) radars operating in the Gulf of Naples (Central Tyrrhenian Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea). This study focuses on the measurements obtained by each antenna over three range cells along a coast–offshore transect, pointing to any potential geographically dependent measurement. The scarcity of offshore wind measurements requires the use of model-generated data for comparative purposes. The data here used are obtained from the Mediterranean Wind–Wave Model, which provides indications for both wave and wind parameters, and the ERA5@2km wind dataset obtained by dynamically downscaling ERA5 reanalysis. These data are first compared with in situ data and subsequently with HF-retrieved wind direction measurements. The analysis of the overall performance of the HF radar network in the Gulf of Naples confirms that the HF radar wind data show the best agreement when the wind speed exceeds a 5 m/s threshold, ensuring a sufficiently energetic surface wave field to be measured. The results obtained in the study suggest the necessity of wind measurements in offshore areas to validate the HF radar wind measurements and to improve the extraction algorithms. The present work opens up further investigations on the applications of wind data from SeaSonde HF radars as potential monitoring platforms, both in coastal and offshore areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs15122991
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Community‐Level Responses to Iron Availability in Open Ocean Plankton Ecosystems
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2019
    In:  Global Biogeochemical Cycles Vol. 33, No. 3 ( 2019-03), p. 391-419
    Details
    In: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 33, No. 3 ( 2019-03), p. 391-419
    Abstract: Coherent assemblages of taxa covarying with iron at global level are identified in plankton communities Functional responses to iron availability involve both changes in copy numbers of iron‐responsive genes and their transcriptional regulation Plankton responses to local variations in iron concentrations recapitulate global patterns
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0886-6236 , 1944-9224
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2018GB006022
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2019
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    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Ocean-wide comparisons of mesopelagic planktonic community structures
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  ISME Communications Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2023-08-18)
    Details
    In: ISME Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2023-08-18)
    Abstract: For decades, marine plankton have been investigated for their capacity to modulate biogeochemical cycles and provide fishery resources. Between the sunlit (epipelagic) layer and the deep dark waters, lies a vast and heterogeneous part of the ocean: the mesopelagic zone. How plankton composition is shaped by environment has been well-explored in the epipelagic but much less in the mesopelagic ocean. Here, we conducted comparative analyses of trans-kingdom community assemblages thriving in the mesopelagic oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), mesopelagic oxic, and their epipelagic counterparts. We identified nine distinct types of intermediate water masses that correlate with variation in mesopelagic community composition. Furthermore, oxygen, NO 3 − and particle flux together appeared as the main drivers governing these communities. Novel taxonomic signatures emerged from OMZ while a global co-occurrence network analysis showed that about 70% of the abundance of mesopelagic plankton groups is organized into three community modules. One module gathers prokaryotes, pico-eukaryotes and Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses (NCLDV) from oxic regions, and the two other modules are enriched in OMZ prokaryotes and OMZ pico-eukaryotes, respectively. We hypothesize that OMZ conditions led to a diversification of ecological niches, and thus communities, due to selective pressure from limited resources. Our study further clarifies the interplay between environmental factors in the mesopelagic oxic and OMZ, and the compositional features of communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2730-6151
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00279-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3041786-7
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  • 10
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    Gulf of Naples Advanced Model (GNAM): A Multiannual Comparison with Coastal HF Radar Data and Hydrological Measurements in a Coastal Tyrrhenian Basin
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2022-07-29), p. 1044-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2022-07-29), p. 1044-
    Abstract: High-resolution modelling systems have increasingly become an essential requirement to investigate ocean dynamics over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, and to integrate the punctual ocean observations. When applied in coastal areas, they also have the potential to provide a detailed representation of transport and exchange processes at the sub-basin scale. This paper presents a validation exercise between the surface fields generated by the regional ocean modeling system (ROMS), developed for the Tyrrhenian Sea and downscaled for the Gulf of Naples (GNAM Gulf of Naples advanced model), and a 4 year-long (2009–2012) record of high-frequency radar (HFR) data. The comparison between hourly and seasonal model results and HFR surface fields is focused on the Gulf of Naples (GoN), where an observational network of three HFR sites has been operational since 2004, and on a specific subdomain characterized by the presence of the Sarno river, a long-term ecological research station (LTER-MC) and one important canyon area. An evaluation on a transect delimiting inshore–offshore zones in the GoN is also presented. The GNAM model was also compared with in situ hydrological parameters of temperatures and salinities retrieved at the LTER-MC fixed monitoring station. According to the skill metrics, basic circulation features are accurately reproduced by the circulation model, despite some model drawbacks in terms of increment of energy content in the surface current field occurring during specific seasonal events. The results allow us to identify potential model errors and to suggest useful improvements, the outcome also confirms the unique capability of HF radar systems to provide fine-scale measurements for the validation of numerical models and to counterbalance the lack of high-resolution measurements in coastal areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse10081044
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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