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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Testing the role of body size and litter depth on invertebrate diversity across six forests in North America
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Ecology Vol. 103, No. 2 ( 2022-02)
    Details
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 103, No. 2 ( 2022-02)
    Abstract: Ecologists search for rules by which traits dictate the abundance and distribution of species. Here we search for rules that apply across three common taxa of litter invertebrates in six North American forests from Panama to Oregon. We use image analysis to quantify the abundance and body size distributions of mites, springtails, and spiders in 21 1‐m 2 plots per forest. We contrast three hypotheses: two of which focus on trait–abundance relationships and a third linking abundance to species richness. Despite three orders of magnitude variation in size, the predicted negative relationship between mean body size and abundance per area occurred in only 18% of cases, never for large bodied taxa like spiders. We likewise found only 18% of tests supported our prediction that increasing litter depth allows for high abundance; two‐thirds of which occurred at a single deciduous forest in Massachusetts. In contrast, invertebrate abundance constrained species richness 76% of the time. Our results suggest that body size and habitat volume in brown food webs are rarely good predictors of variation in abundance, but that variation in diversity is generally well predicted by abundance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.v103.2
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3601
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1797-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010140-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Temperature–habitat interactions constrain seasonal activity in a continental array of pitfall traps
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Ecology Vol. 104, No. 1 ( 2023-01)
    Details
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 104, No. 1 ( 2023-01)
    Abstract: Activity density (AD), the rate at which animals collectively move through their environment, emerges as the product of a taxon's local abundance and its velocity. We analyze drivers of seasonal AD using 47 localities from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) both to better understand variation in ecosystem rates like pollination and seed dispersal as well as the constraints of using AD to monitor invertebrate populations. AD was measured as volume from biweekly pitfall trap arrays (ml trap −1 14 days −1 ). Pooled samples from 2017 to 2018 revealed AD extrema at most temperatures but with a strongly positive overall slope. However, habitat types varied widely in AD's seasonal temperature sensitivity, from negative in wetlands to positive in mixed forest, grassland, and shrub habitats. The temperature of maximum AD varied threefold across the 47 localities; it tracked the threefold geographic variation in maximum growing season temperature with a consistent gap of ca . 3°C across habitats, a novel macroecological result. AD holds potential as an effective proxy for investigating ecosystem rates driven by activity. However, our results suggest that its use for monitoring insect abundance is complicated by the many ways that both abundance and velocity are constrained by a locality's temperature and plant physiognomy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.v104.1
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3855
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1797-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010140-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thermal disruption of soil bacterial assemblages decreases diversity and assemblage similarity
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Ecosphere Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2019-02)
    Details
    In: Ecosphere, Wiley, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2019-02)
    Abstract: The metabolic theory of ecology assumes that rates of selection and adaptation for organisms are functions of temperature. Niche theory predicts that strong selection pressure should simplify assemblages as species are extirpated and taxa pre‐adapted for the new environment thrive. Here, we use closed mesocosms to test the prediction that higher temperatures decrease species richness and increase assemblage similarity more and faster than lower temperatures. We incubated two temperate forest soil types at constant temperatures from 10° to 35°, destructively sampling mesocosms at 30, 180, and 440 d. We quantified taxonomic richness and assemblage similarity of soil bacteria using 16S rRNA gene amplicons. As predicted, mesocosms at higher temperatures lost more taxa than those at lower temperature. Contrary to predictions, the simplified assemblages at higher temperatures became less similar to each other over time. After 440 d of incubation, the number of taxa lost was a linear function of the difference between treatment temperature and site mean annual temperature, while assemblage similarity decreased as an accelerating function of this temperature difference.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2150-8925 , 2150-8925
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2019.10.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2598
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2572257-8
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  • 4
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    Thermal traits predict the winners and losers under climate change: an example from North American ant communities
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Ecosphere Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2021-07)
    Details
    In: Ecosphere, Wiley, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2021-07)
    Abstract: Across the globe, temperatures are predicted to increase with consequences for many taxonomic groups. Arthropods are particularly at risk as temperature imposes physiological constraints on growth, survival, and reproduction. Given that arthropods may be disproportionately affected in a warmer climate—the question becomes which taxa are vulnerable and can we predict the supposed winners and losers of climate change? To address this question, we resurveyed 33 ant communities, quantifying 20‐yr differences in the incidence of 28 genera. Each North American ant community was surveyed with 30 1‐m 2 plots, and the incidence of each genus across the 30 plots was used to estimate change. From the original surveys in 1994–1997 to the resurveys in 2016–2017, temperature increased on average 1°C (range, −0.4°C to 2.5°C) and ~64% of ant genera increased in more than half of the sampled communities. To test Thermal Performance Theory's prediction that genera with higher average thermal limits will tend to accumulate at the expense of those with lower limits, we quantified critical thermal maxima (CT max : the high temperatures at which they lose muscle control) and minima (CT min : the low temperatures at which ants first become inactive) for common genera at each site. Consistent with prediction, we found a positive decelerating relationship between CT max and the proportion of sites in which a genus had increased. CT min , by contrast, was not a useful predictor of change. There was a strong positive correlation ( r  = 0.85) between the proportion of sites where a genus was found with higher incidence after 20 yr and the average difference in number of plots occupied per site, suggesting genera with high CT max values tended to occupy more plots at more sites after 20 yr. Thermal functional traits like CT max have thus proved useful in predicting patterns of long‐term community change in a dominant, diverse insect taxon.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2150-8925 , 2150-8925
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.v12.7
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3645
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2572257-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A global database of ant species abundances
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Ecology Vol. 98, No. 3 ( 2017-03), p. 883-884
    Details
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 98, No. 3 ( 2017-03), p. 883-884
    Abstract: What forces structure ecological assemblages? A key limitation to general insights about assemblage structure is the availability of data that are collected at a small spatial grain (local assemblages) and a large spatial extent (global coverage). Here, we present published and unpublished data from 51 ,388 ant abundance and occurrence records of more than 2,693 species and 7,953 morphospecies from local assemblages collected at 4,212 locations around the world. Ants were selected because they are diverse and abundant globally, comprise a large fraction of animal biomass in most terrestrial communities, and are key contributors to a range of ecosystem functions. Data were collected between 1949 and 2014, and include, for each geo‐referenced sampling site, both the identity of the ants collected and details of sampling design, habitat type, and degree of disturbance. The aim of compiling this data set was to provide comprehensive species abundance data in order to test relationships between assemblage structure and environmental and biogeographic factors. Data were collected using a variety of standardized methods, such as pitfall and Winkler traps, and will be valuable for studies investigating large‐scale forces structuring local assemblages. Understanding such relationships is particularly critical under current rates of global change. We encourage authors holding additional data on systematically collected ant assemblages, especially those in dry and cold, and remote areas, to contact us and contribute their data to this growing data set.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2017.98.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1682
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1797-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010140-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Meet the New Boss, Same as the Old Boss
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2014
    In:  Science Vol. 343, No. 6174 ( 2014-02-28), p. 974-975
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 343, No. 6174 ( 2014-02-28), p. 974-975
    Abstract: In Nature's marketplace, there are many ways to compete. Most species carve out a niche where they are particularly effective at turning resources into offspring. Others play a more dangerous game: They win not by outcompeting their adversaries but by killing them. Sometimes this is as simple as applying a little poison. On page 1014 of this issue, LeBrun et al. ( 1 ) reveal how the tawny crazy ant ( Nylanderia fulva ), newly arrived to the United States from South America, may be ending the more than 60-year reign of the red imported fire ant ( Solenopsis invicta ), a competitor armed with a powerful alkaloid venom. The crazy ant's secret? It knows the antidote.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1251272
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Correspondence: Reply to ‘Analytical flaws in a continental-scale forest soil microbial diversity study’
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2017
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2017-06-06)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2017-06-06)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15583
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Temperature mediates continental-scale diversity of microbes in forest soils
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2016
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2016-07-05)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2016-07-05)
    Abstract: Climate warming is increasingly leading to marked changes in plant and animal biodiversity, but it remains unclear how temperatures affect microbial biodiversity, particularly in terrestrial soils. Here we show that, in accordance with metabolic theory of ecology, taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of soil bacteria, fungi and nitrogen fixers are all better predicted by variation in environmental temperature than pH. However, the rates of diversity turnover across the global temperature gradients are substantially lower than those recorded for trees and animals, suggesting that the diversity of plant, animal and soil microbial communities show differential responses to climate change. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that the diversity of different microbial groups has significantly lower rates of turnover across temperature gradients than other major taxa, which has important implications for assessing the effects of human-caused changes in climate, land use and other factors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12083
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Correction: Corrigendum: The energetic and carbon economic origins of leaf thermoregulation
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2016
    In:  Nature Plants Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2016-08-26)
    Details
    In: Nature Plants, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2016-08-26)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2055-0278
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.147
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2815502-6
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Robust and simplified machine learning identification of pitfall trap‐collected ground beetles at the continental scale
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 10, No. 23 ( 2020-12), p. 13143-13153
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 10, No. 23 ( 2020-12), p. 13143-13153
    Abstract: Insect populations are changing rapidly, and monitoring these changes is essential for understanding the causes and consequences of such shifts. However, large‐scale insect identification projects are time‐consuming and expensive when done solely by human identifiers. Machine learning offers a possible solution to help collect insect data quickly and efficiently. Here, we outline a methodology for training classification models to identify pitfall trap‐collected insects from image data and then apply the method to identify ground beetles (Carabidae). All beetles were collected by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), a continental scale ecological monitoring project with sites across the United States. We describe the procedures for image collection, image data extraction, data preparation, and model training, and compare the performance of five machine learning algorithms and two classification methods (hierarchical vs. single‐level) identifying ground beetles from the species to subfamily level. All models were trained using pre‐extracted feature vectors, not raw image data. Our methodology allows for data to be extracted from multiple individuals within the same image thus enhancing time efficiency, utilizes relatively simple models that allow for direct assessment of model performance, and can be performed on relatively small datasets. The best performing algorithm, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), reached an accuracy of 84.6% at the species level when naively identifying species, which was further increased to 〉 95% when classifications were limited by known local species pools. Model performance was negatively correlated with taxonomic specificity, with the LDA model reaching an accuracy of ~99% at the subfamily level. When classifying carabid species not included in the training dataset at higher taxonomic levels species, the models performed significantly better than if classifications were made randomly. We also observed greater performance when classifications were made using the hierarchical classification method compared to the single‐level classification method at higher taxonomic levels. The general methodology outlined here serves as a proof‐of‐concept for classifying pitfall trap‐collected organisms using machine learning algorithms, and the image data extraction methodology may be used for nonmachine learning uses. We propose that integration of machine learning in large‐scale identification pipelines will increase efficiency and lead to a greater flow of insect macroecological data, with the potential to be expanded for use with other noninsect taxa.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.v10.23
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6905
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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