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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The hunt for red tides: Deep learning algorithm forecasts shellfish toxicity at site scales in coastal Maine
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Ecosphere Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2019-12)
    Details
    In: Ecosphere, Wiley, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2019-12)
    Abstract: Farmed and wild harvest shellfish industries are increasingly important components of coastal economies globally. Disruptions caused by harmful algal blooms ( HAB s), colloquially known as red tides, are likely to worsen with increasing aquaculture production, environmental pressures of coastal development, and climate change, necessitating improved HAB forecasts at finer spatial and temporal resolution. We leveraged a dataset of chemical analytical toxin measurements in coastal Maine to demonstrate a new machine learning approach for high‐resolution forecasting of paralytic shellfish toxin accumulation. The forecast used a deep learning neural network to provide weekly site‐specific forecasts of toxicity levels. The algorithm was trained on images constructed from a chemical fingerprint at each site composed of a series of toxic compound measurements. Under various forecasting configurations, the forecast had high accuracy, generally 〉 95%, and successfully predicted the onset and end of nearly all closure‐level toxic events at the site scale at a one‐week forecast time. Tests of forecast range indicated a decline in accuracy at a three‐week forecast time. Results indicate that combining chemical analytical measurements with new machine learning tools is a promising way to provide reliable forecasts at the spatial and temporal scales useful for management and industry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2150-8925 , 2150-8925
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.v10.12
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2960
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2572257-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Benefits and Challenges of a Stakeholder-Driven Shellfish Toxicity Forecast in Coastal Maine
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-7-14)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-7-14)
    Abstract: Paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) is a human health concern for shellfish aquaculture and wild harvest. This paper discusses lessons learned from a forecasting program for PSP in coastal Maine, USA, designed based on stakeholder input, and run in an operational mode for the 2021 season. The forecast uses a deep learning algorithm to make site-specific, probabilistic forecasts at a weekly forecast range for toxin levels measured in shellfish tissue. Forecasts had high accuracy in the 2021 season, correctly predicting closure events and locations despite a highly unusual season. Stakeholders reported a positive view of the forecast system, and stakeholder input continues to be of key importance as further modifications are made to the system. There are benefits and challenges to the stakeholder-based design of the system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.923738
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rise of the rare biosphere
    University of California Press ; 2021
    In:  Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2021-05-31)
    Details
    In: Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, University of California Press, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2021-05-31)
    Abstract: Ocean ecosystems are changing, and the climate envelope paradigm predicts a steady shift, approximately poleward, of species ranges. The Gulf of Maine presents a test case of this paradigm, as temperatures have warmed extremely rapidly. Some species have shifted northeastward, matching predictions. Others—namely harmful algal species like Pseudo-nitzschia australis and Karenia mikimotoi—do not appear to have followed climate trajectories, arriving as surprises in the Gulf of Maine. Rare-biosphere dynamics offer one possible ecological lens for understanding and predicting this type of surprise. Rare species in the plankton, possibly more so than southerly ones, may provide management challenges in the future. Improved monitoring and broader coordination of monitoring of the rare biosphere could help develop early warning systems for harmful and toxic algae. A better theoretical understanding of rare biosphere dynamics is also needed. A challenge for the next cohort of ecosystem projections is to predict the newly emerging harmful species of the type that catch us by surprise.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2325-1026
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1525/elementa.2020.00056
    Language: English
    Publisher: University of California Press
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2745461-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dihydrodinophysistoxin-1 Produced by Dinophysis norvegica in the Gulf of Maine, USA and Its Accumulation in Shellfish
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Toxins Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2020-08-20), p. 533-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2020-08-20), p. 533-
    Abstract: Dihydrodinophysistoxin-1 (dihydro-DTX1, (M-H)−m/z 819.5), described previously from a marine sponge but never identified as to its biological source or described in shellfish, was detected in multiple species of commercial shellfish collected from the central coast of the Gulf of Maine, USA in 2016 and in 2018 during blooms of the dinoflagellate Dinophysis norvegica. Toxin screening by protein phosphatase inhibition (PPIA) first detected the presence of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning-like bioactivity; however, confirmatory analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) failed to detect okadaic acid (OA, (M-H)−m/z 803.5), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1, (M-H)−m/z 817.5), or dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX2, (M-H)−m/z 803.5) in samples collected during the bloom. Bioactivity-guided fractionation followed by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) tentatively identified dihydro-DTX1 in the PPIA active fraction. LC-MS/MS measurements showed an absence of OA, DTX1, and DTX2, but confirmed the presence of dihydro-DTX1 in shellfish during blooms of D. norvegica in both years, with results correlating well with PPIA testing. Two laboratory cultures of D. norvegica isolated from the 2018 bloom were found to produce dihydro-DTX1 as the sole DSP toxin, confirming the source of this compound in shellfish. Estimated concentrations of dihydro-DTX1 were 〉 0.16 ppm in multiple shellfish species (max. 1.1 ppm) during the blooms in 2016 and 2018. Assuming an equivalent potency and molar response to DTX1, the authority initiated precautionary shellfish harvesting closures in both years. To date, no illnesses have been associated with the presence of dihydro-DTX1 in shellfish in the Gulf of Maine region and studies are underway to determine the potency of this new toxin relative to the currently regulated DSP toxins in order to develop appropriate management guidance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090533
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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