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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gallbladder Cancer in the 21st Century
    Hindawi Limited ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Oncology Vol. 2015 ( 2015), p. 1-26
    Details
    In: Journal of Oncology, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2015 ( 2015), p. 1-26
    Abstract: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an uncommon disease in the majority of the world despite being the most common and aggressive malignancy of the biliary tree. Early diagnosis is essential for improved prognosis; however, indolent and nonspecific clinical presentations with a paucity of pathognomonic/predictive radiological features often preclude accurate identification of GBC at an early stage. As such, GBC remains a highly lethal disease, with only 10% of all patients presenting at a stage amenable to surgical resection. Among this select population, continued improvements in survival during the 21st century are attributable to aggressive radical surgery with improved surgical techniques. This paper reviews the current available literature of the 21st century on PubMed and Medline to provide a detailed summary of the epidemiology and risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, radiology, pathology, management, and prognosis of GBC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-8450 , 1687-8469
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2015/967472
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2461349-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Overexpression of m -Calpain in Human Colorectal Adenocarcinomas
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2004
    In:  Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2004-10-01), p. 1604-1609
    Details
    In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2004-10-01), p. 1604-1609
    Abstract: Background: Calpains represent a well-conserved family of Ca2+-dependent proteolytic enzymes. Recently, the importance of calpain in the metastatic process has received great attention. To investigate whether m-calpain contributes to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, we investigated the expression of m-calpain and its inhibitors, calpastatin and high-molecular-weight calmodulin-binding protein (HMWCaMBP), in human colorectal surgical specimens. Methods: Fifty cases of colon carcinoma were evaluated for this study. Of 50 cases evaluated, we presented in this report six cases for m-calpain, calpastatin and HMWCaMBP protein expression by Western blot analyses was done in both normal and invasive tumor components of human samples. In addition, immunohistochemistry analysis was also carried out in all patients. Results: The activity and protein expression of m-calpain was significantly higher in colorectal adenocarcinoma than in normal colonic mucosa. This finding was corroborated by immunohistochemical studies that showed strong cytoplasmic staining in the colon tumors with m-calpain antibody. The decreased expression of these calpain inhibitors (calpastatin and HMWCaMBP) paralleled increased activity and expression of calpain in colorectal adenocarcinoma and the well-documented involvement of this Ca2+-dependent protease in colon tumor. Conclusion: Increased activity and moderate staining of m-calpain in polyps show the usage of this enzyme as a marker for the early detection of colorectal adenocarcinoma using immunologic approaches. These findings represent the first description of calpain overexpression in colorectal cancer. This has implications with regard to the design of chemotherapeutic drugs as well as in monitoring colorectal cancer in early stages of the metastatic process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1055-9965 , 1538-7755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.1604.13.10
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036781-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1153420-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Expression of cell cycle proteins in male breast carcinoma
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2010
    In:  World Journal of Surgical Oncology Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2010-12)
    Details
    In: World Journal of Surgical Oncology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2010-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1477-7819
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-8-10
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2118383-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fecal Molecular Markers for Colorectal Cancer Screening
    Hindawi Limited ; 2012
    In:  Gastroenterology Research and Practice Vol. 2012 ( 2012), p. 1-15
    Details
    In: Gastroenterology Research and Practice, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2012 ( 2012), p. 1-15
    Abstract: Despite multiple screening techniques, including colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, radiological imaging, and fecal occult blood testing, colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of death. As these techniques improve, their sensitivity to detect malignant lesions is increasing; however, detection of precursor lesions remains problematic and has generated a lack of general acceptance for their widespread usage. Early detection by an accurate, noninvasive, cost-effective, simple-to-use screening technique is central to decreasing the incidence and mortality of this disease. Recent advances in the development of molecular markers in faecal specimens are encouraging for its use as a screening tool. Genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations that result from the carcinogenetic process can be detected by coprocytobiology in the colonocytes exfoliated from the lesion into the fecal matter. These markers have shown promising sensitivity and specificity in the detection of both malignant and premalignant lesions and are gaining popularity as a noninvasive technique that is representative of the entire colon. In this paper, we summarize the genetic and epigenetic fecal molecular markers that have been identified as potential targets in the screening of colorectal cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-6121 , 1687-630X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2012/184343
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2435460-0
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in the 21〈sup〉st〈/sup〉 Century
    Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Cancer Therapy Vol. 05, No. 08 ( 2014), p. 769-796
    Details
    In: Journal of Cancer Therapy, Scientific Research Publishing, Inc., Vol. 05, No. 08 ( 2014), p. 769-796
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2151-1934 , 2151-1942
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4236/jct.2014.58086
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2619976-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Increased expression of calcineurin in human colorectal adenocarcinomas
    Wiley ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Vol. 95, No. 4 ( 2005-07), p. 731-739
    Details
    In: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, Wiley, Vol. 95, No. 4 ( 2005-07), p. 731-739
    Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer death in the Western world. Calcineurin (CaN), a Ca 2+ /calmodulin (CaM)‐dependent protein phosphatase, is important for Ca 2+ ‐mediated signal transduction. The main objective of this study is to examine the potential role of Ca 2+ /CaM‐dependent protein phosphatase in both normal and in invasive tumor components of human samples. In this study, we carried out 45 cases of CaN activity, 13 cases of CaN protein expression by Western blot analysis, and 6 cases for immunohistochemical analysis in both normal and invasive tumor components of human samples. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that strong cytoplasmic staining of varying intensity was observed in colon tumors of all patients compared to normal mucosa. In addition, Western blot analysis revealed a prominent overexpressed immunoreactive band with an apparent molecular mass of 60 kDa catalytic alpha subunit (CaN A) as well as CaN Aα and β in colon tumor samples. Elevated CaN protein expression appears to be a possible link between Ca 2+ signaling and oncogenic processes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0730-2312 , 1097-4644
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jcb.v95:4
    DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20437
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479976-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Molecular Events in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Review
    Hindawi Limited ; 2012
    In:  Pathology Research International Vol. 2012 ( 2012-05-09), p. 1-14
    Details
    In: Pathology Research International, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2012 ( 2012-05-09), p. 1-14
    Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, developing through a multipathway sequence of events guided by clonal selections. Pathways included in the development of CRC may be broadly categorized into (a) genomic instability, including chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MSI), and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), (b) genomic mutations including suppression of tumour suppressor genes and activation of tumour oncogenes, (c) microRNA, and (d) epigenetic changes. As cancer becomes more advanced, invasion and metastases are facilitated through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), with additional genetic alterations. Despite ongoing identification of genetic and epigenetic markers and the understanding of alternative pathways involved in the development and progression of this disease, CRC remains the second highest cause of malignancy-related mortality in Canada. The molecular events that underlie the tumorigenesis of primary and metastatic colorectal carcinoma are detailed in this manuscript.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2090-8091 , 2042-003X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2012/597497
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2573922-0
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Emergency gastrectomy for gastric necrosis 5 years after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB)
    Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. ; 2011
    In:  Open Journal of Gastroenterology Vol. 01, No. 01 ( 2011), p. 1-6
    Details
    In: Open Journal of Gastroenterology, Scientific Research Publishing, Inc., Vol. 01, No. 01 ( 2011), p. 1-6
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2163-9450 , 2163-9469
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4236/ojgas.2011.11001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2667299-6
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High Expression of Methionine Aminopeptidase 2 in Human Colorectal Adenocarcinomas
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2004
    In:  Clinical Cancer Research Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2004-04-15), p. 2771-2775
    Details
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2004-04-15), p. 2771-2775
    Abstract: Purpose: Several viral and eukaryotic proteins required for signal transduction and regulatory functions undergo lipophilic modification by the enzyme N-myristoyltransferase. Previously we reported that N-myristoyltransferase activity is higher in colon and gallbladder carcinoma than in the corresponding normal tissues. Methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) is a bifunctional protein that plays a critical role in the regulation of post-translational processing and protein synthesis. To investigate whether MetAP2 contributes to the pathogenesis of colon carcinoma, we investigated the expression of MetAP2 in both normal and invasive tumor components of human samples. Experimental Design: We evaluated 50 cases of colon carcinoma for this study. In this report we analyzed 15 cases for MetAP2 activity and 13 cases for the expression of MetAP2 by Western blot in both the normal and in invasive tumor components of human samples. In addition, immunohistochemistry analysis was also carried out on samples from all patients. Results: MetAP activity was elevated in all cancerous tissues compared with normal tissues. Western blot analysis also showed the higher expression of MetAP2 in all cases of cancerous tissues. In addition, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that all cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma showed moderate to strong cytoplasmic positivity for MetAP2 with increased intensity in the invasive component. Conclusions: Elevated MetAP protein expression is associated with metastatic tumor progression and appears to be a strong molecular marker for clinical prognosis. MetAP2 inhibition may represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention in colorectal carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0218
    RVK:
    XA 36791
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1225457-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036787-9
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors in the 21〈sup〉st〈/sup〉 Century—An Update
    Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Cancer Therapy Vol. 08, No. 13 ( 2017), p. 1194-1233
    Details
    In: Journal of Cancer Therapy, Scientific Research Publishing, Inc., Vol. 08, No. 13 ( 2017), p. 1194-1233
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2151-1934 , 2151-1942
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4236/jct.2017.813103
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2619976-2
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