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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Driving decarbonisation of the EU building stock by enhancing a consumer centred and locally based circular renovation process
    EDP Sciences ; 2020
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 18006-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 18006-
    Abstract: H2020 project DRIVE0 (Driving decarbonisation of the EU building stock by enhancing a consumer centred and locally based circular renovation process) aims to come to a decarbonisation of the EU building stock and to accelerate deep renovation processes by enhancing a consumer centred circular renovation process in order to make deep renovation more attractive for consumers and investors, more environmental friendly. Circular renovation concepts and process will specifically be developed and implemented in the seven demonstration cases in seven countries, representing all climatic zones in Europe
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202017218006
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2755680-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The influence of heat loss from pipes in an unheated basement on the heating energy consumption of an entire typical apartment building
    EDP Sciences ; 2020
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 12005-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 12005-
    Abstract: The majority of old apartment buildings were designed with an unheated basement. Building service systems such as district heating heat exchangers and pipes for domestic hot water and for space heating are usually located in this unheated basement. In addition, these locations are connected with shafts. All these pipe’s heat losses increase air temperature in the basement. If these losses are included into the building energy balance, then they decrease heat loss through the basement ceiling. The basement’s heat balance is also dependent on heat loss from the basement envelope and outdoor air exchange in the basement. In early stages of design, designers and energy auditors need rough models to make decisions in limited information conditions. Once the effects of heat losses from pipes become apparent, they need to be factored into the buildings energy balance, and their effects on heat loss through the basement ceiling needs to be calculated. In this paper we analyse the effect these heat losses have on the service system’s heat gains and heat loss through an uninsulated basement ceiling at different basement insulation levels and with different thicknesses of pipe insulation. From our study we found that pipe losses in the basement increase the building energy performance value by at least 4 kWh/(m²∙a) and their impact on a renovated apartment building is very important.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202017212005
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preliminary assessment of preconditions to deliver carbon neutrality in apartment buildings by 2050
    EDP Sciences ; 2020
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 18004-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 18004-
    Abstract: Member states of European Union have large stock of residential buildings that require urgent renovation in order to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. In our paper we provide a preliminary evaluation of preconditions of such goal within the context of shrinking regions. Our data originates form renovation subsidy database of large renovation programme managed by state fund and form Nation Statistical Bureau. First we estimate the potential of apartment buildings occupation within the next 30 years. We exclude buildings that are going to be abandoned due to the demographical and migration reasons. Next we calculate the potential of construction sector to deliver required amount of renovations. We observe that the in our case current renovation rate must at least be increased by factor of three in order to comply with the carbon neutrality goal. This, however, is very challenging because supply of renovations’ construction is limited and overstimulated demand could increase construction prices significantly while rendering the effect of state incentives inefficient. Therefore an urgent technological change in renovation delivery is required to reach carbon neutrality goals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202017218004
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    A new method to estimate point thermal transmittance based on combined two-dimensional heat flow calculation
    EDP Sciences ; 2020
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 08005-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 08005-
    Abstract: A well-insulated, airtight and thermal bridge free building envelope is a key factor for nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB). However, increased insulation thickness and minimized air leakages increase the effect of thermal bridges on overall energy efficiency of the nZEBs. Although several more prominent linear thermal bridges are accounted for in the practice the three-dimensional heat flow through vast array of fixation elements, mounting brackets and other point thermal bridges are usually neglected due to time-consuming model preparation routine, lack of input data as well as high number of different thermal bridges that have to be assessed for a single project. In this study a new method was proposed for predicting three-dimensional heat flow and the point thermal transmittance of thermal bridges caused by full or partial penetration of the building envelope with metal elements with uniform geometry in third dimension based on multiple two-dimensional numerical heat flow calculations. A new parameter (equivalent length of thermal bridge) was defined which incorporates the effect of additional thermal transmittance in third dimension when multiplied by the difference of two thermal coupling coefficients derived for two-dimensional cross section. Multiple linear regression model was fitted on database with 102 cases and verified with separate case of window to wall connection incorporating metal penetration at fixation points. The proposed methodology can be useful in general practice where the design team lacks the skills or software tools for conducting detailed numerical analysis in three dimensions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202017208005
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Development of prefabricated insulation elements for buildings with aerated autoclaved concrete walls
    EDP Sciences ; 2020
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 18001-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 18001-
    Abstract: An extensive need for the refurbishment and renewal of existing building stock has been the focus of consideration for many decades, principally because of the high global energy consumption and pollution levels. This paper presents the results of the analysis of certain sets of timber frame prefabricated insulation elements for the major renovation of an apartment building. The hygrothermal measurements were taken, and a series of combinations with elements were analysed using building performance simulation software to compare the main hygrothermal properties. The critical initial moisture content for the surface section of the aerated autoclaved concrete (AAC) panel is w = 65 kg/m 3 at a depth of 15 mm and w = 39 kg/m 3 at a depth of 70 mm. The results showed that before the design and installation of insulation elements, thorough hygrothermal analysis of the original external envelope, with actual climatic conditions and moisture loads, must be realized.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202017218001
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Moisture dry-out from steel faced insulated sandwich panels
    EDP Sciences ; 2020
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 17007-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 17007-
    Abstract: This study analyses moisture dry-out from a steel faced insulated sandwich panel. Three test walls, with lower parts close to the free water level, were studied in a laboratory under different climatic conditions to measure their dry-out capacity and to obtain data for simulation model calibration. The hygrothermal simulations were done with the simulation tool Delphin in stable climatic conditions to determine the magnitude of the moisture dry-out capacity. Comparison of the measured and simulated relative humidity showed sufficiently good agreement. The results indicate that panels of this type have some dry-out capacity under summer and spring climatic conditions (about 2–3 g/day at best) but during autumn and winter their dry-out capacity is limited. In case of a water leakage (e.g. due to rain during the installation of the panels), the moisture dry-out is negligible. To minimise the wetting of insulation, weather protection during construction and during storage is necessary.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202017217007
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2755680-3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification and improvement of critical joints in CLT construction without weather protection
    EDP Sciences ; 2020
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 10002-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 10002-
    Abstract: Wetting of timber structures during erection can have a harmful effect on their durability and could lead to adverse health effects. The probability of dampness related problems is very high when timber is exposed to free water. However, it is not always possible to implement full weather protection and thus there is a need for cost optimal solutions to increase the moisture safety of precipitation-exposed timber construction. In this study we observed the construction works and monitored the timber moisture content (MC) of a cross-laminated timber (CLT) building and proposed a set of activities and designed connection details that could help to avoid moisture ingress during the installation of CLT panels. Our findings showed that the most sensitive area to wetting is the end-grain on the CLT panel and the MC remained within critical limits in structures where drying was prohibited. Therefore, the most vulnerable section of the CLT structure is the foundation connection. We suggest using liquid-applied membrane coating on the cut edges of CLT panels to protect the end grain and to cover the horizontal CLT panels with self-adhesive membranes and vertical CLT panels with temporary clear weather protection foils.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202017210002
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2755680-3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The integration of selected technology to energy activated ETICS - theoretical approach
    EDP Sciences ; 2020
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 21004-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 21004-
    Abstract: The main goal of this study is to develop the new external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) by integration of flexible photovoltaic (FPV) and encapsulated phase change materials (PCM). This work is the first step of the international project En-ActivETICS and concerns mainly material selection and systems integration issues. The paper presents a complete solution of façade component which integrates thermal insulation, heat storage and electricity generation - En-ActivETICS that combines ETICS technology with a self-supporting flexible photovoltaic elements. This system will be applicable for both masonry or concrete constructions and it is a new step in the development of building facade technology allowing to achieve a component classified to the group of functional material. In the paper, the formulation of basic principles of En-ActivETICS as well as an overview of existing materials and technologies is presented. Finally, the initial concept of the system is described. The main features of that system is using an elastic, high heat capacity and frost resistant adhesive joining flexible PV with thermal insulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202017221004
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A method to develop energy activated ETICS
    EDP Sciences ; 2020
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 21006-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 21006-
    Abstract: We propose a method for developing an Energy Activated External Thermal Insulation Composite System (En-ActivETICS) for smart building envelopes that guarantees the required performance, durability, and service life of the building. The En-ActivETICS combines the traditional ETICS with phase change material (PCM) and flexible photovoltaics (FPV). These combined materials will become multifunctional, playing the roles of thermal insulator, heat accumulator, and energy generator with PCM lowering the temperature of FPV and therefore, increasing their efficiency. The En-ActivETICS is a new step in the development of building facade technology enabling to achieve a component that is classified as a functional material. The main result reported in the paper is the proposed method, which improves the existing technical approval guidelines for ETICS, entitled ETAG 004, when thermally activated components are added to the system. The method proposes research activities necessary to determine whether the novel wall system is in line with the essential requirements set to a building by the Construction Products Regulation. When tested according to the proposed method, a wall system should be comprehensively tested and technically documented active thermal insulation system that is aimed to give better building performance in terms of indoor environment, energy efficiency, and aesthetics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202017221006
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2755680-3
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cost reduction of the new NZEB Wooden building – case study of the kindergarten in Estonia
    EDP Sciences ; 2020
    In:  E3S Web of Conferences Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 13002-
    Details
    In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 172 ( 2020), p. 13002-
    Abstract: In this study the cost changes caused by the implementation of the nZEB solutions are calculated. The energy demand of a building was calculated according to the methodology for calculating the energy efficiency of buildings, using dynamic energy simulations. The financial calculations are based on the methodology described in Delegated Regulation (EU) No 244/2012 of the European Commission. The simulations and calculations for assessing the cost-effectiveness of technical solutions are based on the selected sample building. The energy efficiency solutions are derived by increasing/decreasing the insulation value of the building envelope in subsequent steps. Financial calculations were based on the investment needed to achieve the nearly zero-energy levels. The results for different combinations vary to a large degree. According to regulations new building must fulfill the low energy building (EPI class “B”) requirement without local production. The EPI value to fulfill the requirement in the cost-even range is reached in case of the GSHP and efficient DH. In case of the GSHP and efficient DH also the cost-optimal point is in the EPI class “B”. Overall the minimum ΔNPV values stay below the zero line in all the cases offering a range of opportunities to choose combinations to reach lover EPI compared to base case. The results of cost-effectiveness calculations for selected building with different combinations of structural solutions and heat sources show the possible different scenarios to reach nZEB level and the possible cost reduction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2267-1242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202017213002
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2755680-3
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