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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Relationships between synoptic‐scale transport and interannual variability of inorganic cations in surface snow at Summit, Greenland: 1992–1996
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2001
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 106, No. D18 ( 2001-09-27), p. 20897-20912
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 106, No. D18 ( 2001-09-27), p. 20897-20912
    Abstract: To fully utilize the long‐term chemical records retrieved from central Greenland ice cores, specific relationships between atmospheric circulation and the variability of chemical species in the records need to be better understood. This research examines associations between the variability of surface snow inorganic cation chemistry at Summit, Greenland (collected during 1992–1996 summer field seasons) and changes in air mass transport pathways and source regions, as well as variations in aerosol source strength. Transport patterns and source regions are determined through 10‐day isentropic backward air mass trajectories during a 1 month (late May to late June) common season over the 5 years. Changes in the extent of exposed continental surfaces in source regions are evaluated to estimate aerosol‐associated calcium and magnesium ion source strength, while forest fire activity in the circumpolar north is investigated to estimate aerosol ammonium ion source strength. During the 1995 common season, 3 times more calcium and magnesium accumulated in the snowpack than the other study years. Also, an increasing trend of ammonium concentration was noted throughout the 5 years. Anomalous transport pathways and velocities were observed during 1995, which likely contributed to the high levels of calcium and magnesium. Increased forest fire activity in North America was concurrent with increased levels of ammonium and potassium, except for 1996, when ion levels were above average and forest fire activity was below average. Because of the ubiquitous nature of soluble ions, we conclude that it is very difficult to establish a quantitative link between the ion content of snow and firn at Summit and changes in aerosol source regions and source strength.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2001JD000805
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    20th-Century Industrial Black Carbon Emissions Altered Arctic Climate Forcing
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2007
    In:  Science Vol. 317, No. 5843 ( 2007-09-07), p. 1381-1384
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 317, No. 5843 ( 2007-09-07), p. 1381-1384
    Abstract: Black carbon (BC) from biomass and fossil fuel combustion alters chemical and physical properties of the atmosphere and snow albedo, yet little is known about its emission or deposition histories. Measurements of BC, vanillic acid, and non–sea-salt sulfur in ice cores indicate that sources and concentrations of BC in Greenland precipitation varied greatly since 1788 as a result of boreal forest fires and industrial activities. Beginning about 1850, industrial emissions resulted in a sevenfold increase in ice-core BC concentrations, with most change occurring in winter. BC concentrations after about 1951 were lower but increasing. At its maximum from 1906 to 1910, estimated surface climate forcing in early summer from BC in Arctic snow was about 3 watts per square meter, which is eight times the typical preindustrial forcing value.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1144856
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of 10-day isentropic flow patterns for Barrow, Alaska: 1985–1992
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1994
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 99, No. D12 ( 1994), p. 25845-
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 99, No. D12 ( 1994), p. 25845-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/94JD02324
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1994
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sea Port SO2 Atmospheric Emissions Influence on Air Quality and Exposure at Veracruz, Mexico
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2022-11-23), p. 1950-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2022-11-23), p. 1950-
    Abstract: In this work, we identify the current atmospheric sulfur dioxide emissions of the Veracruz port, an important Mexican seaport experiencing rapid growth, and its influence on the surrounding areas. Sulfur dioxide emissions based on port activity, as well as meteorology and air quality simulations, are used to assess the impact. It was found that using marine fuel with low sulfur content reduces emissions by 88%. Atmospheric emission estimates based on the bottom-up methodology range from 3 to 7 Mg/year and can negatively impact air quality up to 3 km downwind. After evaluating different characteristics of vessels in CALPUFF, it was found that maximum sulfur dioxide concentrations ranging between 50 and 88 µg/m3 for a 24-h average occurred 500 m from the port. During 2019, five days had unsatisfactory air quality. The combination of a shallow planetary boundary layer, low wind speed, and large atmospheric emissions significantly degraded local air quality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos13121950
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Meteorologically Stratified Gust Factors for Forecasting Peak Wind Gusts across the United States
    American Meteorological Society ; 2021
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 102, No. 9 ( 2021-09), p. E1665-E1671
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 102, No. 9 ( 2021-09), p. E1665-E1671
    Abstract: Wind gusts are common to everyday life and affect a wide range of interests including wind energy, structural design, forestry, and fire danger. Strong gusts are a common environmental hazard that can damage buildings, bridges, aircraft, and trains, and interrupt electric power distribution, air traffic, waterways transport, and port operations. Despite representing the component of wind most likely to be associated with serious and costly hazards, reliable forecasts of peak wind gusts have remained elusive. A project at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee is addressing the need for improved peak gust forecasts with the development of the meteorologically stratified gust factor (MSGF) model. The MSGF model combines gust factors (the ratio of peak wind gust to average wind speed) with wind speed and direction forecasts to predict hourly peak wind gusts. The MSGF method thus represents a simple, viable option for the operational prediction of peak wind gusts. Here we describe the results of a project designed to provide the site-specific gust factors necessary for operational use of the MSGF model at a large number of locations across the United States. Gust web diagrams depicting the wind speed– and wind direction–stratified gust factors, as well as peak gust climatologies, are presented for all sites analyzed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0013.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the Synoptic-Scale Lagrangian Autocorrelation Function
    American Meteorological Society ; 2003
    In:  Journal of Applied Meteorology Vol. 42, No. 2 ( 2003-02), p. 318-324
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Meteorology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 42, No. 2 ( 2003-02), p. 318-324
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8763 , 1520-0450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042〈0318:OTSSLA〉2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2003
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Weathergami
    American Meteorological Society ; 2023
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society ( 2023-08-31)
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, ( 2023-08-31)
    Abstract: Adapted from the sports concept of scorigami, the weathergami chart is introduced. Weathergami charts depict the frequency of occurrence of the full range of daily maximum and minimum temperature combinations observed at a location. These charts highlight essential features of climate not evident in traditional representations. A variation of the weathergami chart displays transition frequencies, which describe the likelihood of particular day to day changes in maximum and minimum temperatures. Likewise, weathergami anomaly charts reveal characteristics of changing climate not evident in standard time series representations. Several examples are provided, with comparisons to climate descriptions found in popular textbooks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0035.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    patterns of dust transport to the Grand Canyon
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1996
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 23, No. 22 ( 1996-11-01), p. 3187-3190
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 23, No. 22 ( 1996-11-01), p. 3187-3190
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/96GL02898
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1996
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diel variations of H 2 O 2 in Greenland: A discussion of the cause and effect relationship
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1995
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 100, No. D9 ( 1995), p. 18661-
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 100, No. D9 ( 1995), p. 18661-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/95JD01841
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1995
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Decadal-scale variability in long-range atmospheric transport to the Summit of the Greenland Ice Sheet
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1999
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 26, No. 4 ( 1999-02-15), p. 481-484
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 26, No. 4 ( 1999-02-15), p. 481-484
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1999GL900021
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1999
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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