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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Balance assessment in selected stages of Parkinson’s disease using trend change analysis
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2023-08-02)
    Details
    In: Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2023-08-02)
    Abstract: Balance disorders in patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are associated with a change in balance-keeping strategy and reflex disorders which regulate the maintenance of vertical body posture. Center of foot pressure (COP) displacement signals were analyzed during quiet standing experiments to define such changes. The research aimed to apply stock exchange indices based on the trend change analyses to the assessment of a level of the Parkinson disease progression on the grounds of the analysis of the COP signals. Methods 30 patients in two stages of PD, 40 elderly participants, and 20 individuals at a young age were studied. Each person was subjected to 3 measurements with open and closed eyes. A technical analysis of the COP displacement signal was performed, and the following quantities were determined: indices related to the number of trend changes (TCI), indices defining a mean time (TCI_dT), and mean displacement (TCI_dS) and mean velocity (TCI_dV) between such changes. Results The results indicate a higher TCI value for PD than for aged-matched control group (p  〈  0.05). In the case of PD patients, there was also an increase in the TCI_dS value by 2–5 mm, which mainly contributed to the increase in TCI_dV. Statistically significant differences for the TCI_dT values occurred between all groups in which differences in the average COP velocity were noted. Conclusions The TCI and TCI_dV results obtained for the healthy participants enabled the development of indices supporting PD diagnostics. The causes of the TCI_dV changes in patients were determined, i.e., whether they resulted from an increase in the TCI_dT or TCI_dS between the moments of trend changes indicated by the developed algorithm. The developed methodology provides new information on the impact of PD on the strategy of maintaining balance, which was impossible to obtain using currently used analyses. Trial registration The conducted research is an observational study and does not include a health care intervention. Participants gave their consent to participate in the research and the procedure was approved by the Institutional Bioethics Committee.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1743-0003
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01229-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2164377-5
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    The effects of selected lower limb muscle activities on a level of imbalance in reaction on anterior-posterior ground perturbation
    Politechnika Wroclawska Oficyna Wydawnicza ; 2022
    In:  Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2022)
    Details
    In: Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, Politechnika Wroclawska Oficyna Wydawnicza, Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2022)
    Abstract: Purpose We investigated whether an increase in muscular tone induced by the information about imminent posture destabilisation brings a positive result and prevents such destabilisation. Methods We measured forward and backwards movements of 38 participates (27 females and 11 males, aged 23 (SD 2.6)) on the treadmill (forward and backward movements). All participants were subject to three test condition trials (Tr): 1) subject did not know the nature and time of perturbation (Tr1); 2) subject knew the nature of perturbation but did not know time (Tr2); 3) both the time and nature of perturbation were known precisely (Tr3). The tests resulted in the determination of muscular activity connected with a postural adjustment as well as values of pressure exerted by the forefoot on the ground, and the angle of flexion in the knee joint. Results In terms of postural adjustments it was possible to observe statistically significant differences in muscular activity between Tr1 and Tr2 refer to Tr3. No statistically significant differences were identified in all phases as regards values of forefoot pressure and those concerning the angle of flexion in the knee joint. An increase in the muscle tone before perturbation was correlated with the displacement and the velocity of the COP after perturbation. Conclusions These data indicate that knowledge of the expected time of perturbation is responsible for postural adjustment. Furthermore, muscle tone resulting from an adjustment of perturbation and responsible for the stiffening of lower limbs triggered greater displacement of the COP after perturbation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1509-409X , 2450-6303
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.37190/ABB-02112-2022-02
    Language: English
    Publisher: Politechnika Wroclawska Oficyna Wydawnicza
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2559094-7
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  • 3
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    Wavelet Decomposition in Analysis of Impact of Virtual Reality Head Mounted Display Systems on Postural Stability
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sensors Vol. 20, No. 24 ( 2020-12-12), p. 7138-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 24 ( 2020-12-12), p. 7138-
    Abstract: This study investigated how spatial projection systems influences body balance including postural stability. Analyzing precisely defined frequency bands of movements of the center of pressure makes it possible to determine the effectiveness of the balance system’s response to disruptions and disorders and may be used as an indicator in the diagnosis of motor dysfunction. The study involved 28 participants for whom the center of pressure was assessed in a test with open eyes, closed eyes and with virtual reality projection. Percent distributions of energy during wavelet decomposition were calculated. Changes in body stability were determined for the virtual reality tests and these changes were classified as an intermediate value between the open-eyes test and the closed-eyes test. The results indicate the importance of using safety support systems in therapies involving Virtual Reality. The results also show the necessity of measurements times in stabilographic evaluations in order to conduct a more thorough analysis of very low frequencies of the center of pressure signal.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s20247138
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 4
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    Selection of Kinematic and Temporal Input Parameters to Define a Novel Upper Body Index Indicator for the Evaluation of Upper Limb Pathology
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 22 ( 2022-11-16), p. 11634-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 22 ( 2022-11-16), p. 11634-
    Abstract: Purpose: This work aimed to develop a novel indicator of upper limb manipulative movements. A principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm was applied to kinematic measurements of movements of the upper limbs performed during an everyday activity. Methods: Kinematics of the upper limb while drinking from a mug were investigated using the commercially available Xsens MVN BIOMECH inertial sensor-based motion capture system. The study group consisted of 20 male patients who had previously suffered an ischaemic stroke, whilst the reference group consisted of 16 males with no disorders of their motor organs. Based on kinematic data obtained, a set of 30 temporal and kinematic parameters were defined. From this, 16 parameters were selected for the determination of a novel indicator, the Upper Body Index (UBI), which served the purpose of assessing manipulative movements of upper limbs. Selection of the 16 parameters considered the percentage distribution of the parameters beyond the standard, the differences in mean values between the reference group and the study group, and parameter variability. Results: Analysis of kinematics allowed for the identification and selection of the parameters used in the development of the new index. This included 2 temporal parameters and 14 kinematic parameters, with the minimum and maximum angles of the upper limb joints, motion ranges in the joints, and parameters connected with movement of the spine recorded. These parameters were used to assess motion in the shoulder and elbow joints, in all possible planes, as well as spine movement. The values of the UBI indicator were as follows: in the case of the reference group: 13.67 ± 2.40 for the dominant limb, 13.71 ± 3.36 for the non-dominant limb; in the case of the stroke patient group: 130.86 ± 75.07 for the dominant limb, 155.58 ± 170.76 for the non-dominant limb. Conclusions: The developed UBI made it possible to discover deviations from the standard performance of upper limb movements. Therefore, the index may be applicable to the analysis of any sequence of movements carried out by the upper limb.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app122211634
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Influence of Induced Environment Oscillations on Limits of Stability in Healthy Adults
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 13, No. 18 ( 2023-09-15), p. 10331-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 18 ( 2023-09-15), p. 10331-
    Abstract: (1) Background: Human balance and equilibrium-maintaining abilities have been widely researched up to this day. Numerous publications have investigated the possibilities of enhancing these abilities, bringing the patient back to their original capabilities post-disease or accident, and training for fall prevention. Virtual reality technology (VR) is becoming a progressively more renowned technique for performing or enhancing rehabilitation or training. We aimed to explore whether the introduction of scenery oscillation can influence a person’s limits of stability. (2) Methods: Sixteen healthy adults participated in measurements. Each of them underwent 10 trials, during which subjects were supposed to, on acoustic cue, lean as far forward and back as possible, without raising their heels or toes. Two trials were conducted without the use of VR, four with oscillating scenery, one with stationary scenery, one with displayed darkness, and two trials were performed for reference, which did not require leaning nor used VR technology. (3) Results: For the total as well as for each foot separately, COP displacements and velocities were calculated and analyzed. A post-hoc Wilcoxon pairwise test with Holm’s correction was performed, resulting in 420 returned p-values, 4 of which indicated significant differences between medians when comparing trials with 0.2 Hz oscillating scenery with trials with eyes open and closed. (4) Conclusions: No statistically significant differences at α = 0.05 between reached maximums in trials using VR and trials without it were found, only trials using 0.2 Hz oscillations displayed statistically significant differences when comparing velocities of leaning. The authors believe that such oscillations resemble naturally occurring tinnitus; additionally, low-frequency oscillations are believed to influence postural balance more than high-frequency ones, therefore affecting the velocity and displacements of COP the most.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app131810331
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 6
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    Architecture and material properties of diatom shells provide effective mechanical protection
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2003
    In:  Nature Vol. 421, No. 6925 ( 2003-2), p. 841-843
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 421, No. 6925 ( 2003-2), p. 841-843
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/nature01416
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 7
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    The Use of Frequency Analysis as a Complementary and Explanatory Element for Time Domain Analysis in Measurements of the Ability to Maintain Balance
    Termedia Sp. z.o.o. ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Human Kinetics Vol. 76 ( 2021-1-29), p. 117-129
    Details
    In: Journal of Human Kinetics, Termedia Sp. z.o.o., Vol. 76 ( 2021-1-29), p. 117-129
    Abstract: Assessment of human balance is one of the most common diagnostic tests, both in medical applications and during sports training. Many new methods of measuring are introduced in these studies; however, the analysis of results is still carried out mainly based on the values determined in the time domain – the average COP speed or the ellipse field of the prediction. The aim of the current work is to present the possibilities for the practical application of frequency analyses in assessment of the ability to maintain body balance as a method supplementing standard analyses. As part of the study, measurements of the ability to maintain balance in sensory conflict conditions introduced in the form of an oscillating, three-dimensional, virtual scenery were carried out. 27 healthy volunteers (13 women and 14 men) took part in the study. The three-dimensional scenery, presented by means of the Oculus system, oscillated in the sagittal plane with frequencies equal to 0.7 Hz and 1.4 Hz. The frequency value during the measurement was constant or changed in the middle of the test. Measurements were conducted on the FDM Zebris platform. The results were analyzed using developed coefficients determined on the basis of the Short-time Fourier transform (STFT). The use of frequency-domain analyses confirmed that in the COP movement, one can observe a cyclical component corresponding to following the scenery, as well as the appearance of other cyclical components whose observation is important in terms of assessing the ability to maintain balance. It has been shown that the changes in the average COP speed that occur during the measurement can result from changes related to the movement of following the scenery as well as additional body movements indicating a greater or lesser loss of balance. It has been shown that there are differences in the COP movement provoked by the movement of the surrounding scenery, which depend on the parameters of the introduced disturbances – something that can only be observed in results obtained in the frequency domain. The conducted research shows that in measurements involving the ability to maintain one’s balance conducted in sensory conflict conditions, standard time-domain analyses should be supplemented with other types of data analysis, e.g. frequency domain analyses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1640-5544 , 1899-7562
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0004
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Termedia Sp. z.o.o.
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2503989-1
    SSG: 31
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  • 8
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    Assessment of gait stability and preferred walking speed in virtual reality
    Politechnika Wroclawska Oficyna Wydawnicza ; 2020
    In:  Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2020)
    Details
    In: Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, Politechnika Wroclawska Oficyna Wydawnicza, Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2020)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1509-409X , 1509-409X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.37190/ABB-01490-2019-03
    Language: English
    Publisher: Politechnika Wroclawska Oficyna Wydawnicza
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2559094-7
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  • 9
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    The stock market indexes in research on human balance
    Politechnika Wroclawska Oficyna Wydawnicza ; 2022
    In:  Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2022)
    Details
    In: Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, Politechnika Wroclawska Oficyna Wydawnicza, Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2022)
    Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the possibility of using stock exchange indices to assess the ability to maintain balance as a supplement to analyzes using values determined in the time and frequency domains. Methods: 83 healthy people (56 females, 27 males, age years 21 SD = 1.3 years) participated in the research. Measurements were performed with open and closed eyes and in the virtual environment with two sceneries oscillating at four frequencies. The results determined in the time and frequency domains were analyzed in relation to the results calculated with the use of stock exchange indicators for which the Trend Change Index was formulated. Performed measurements made it possible to determine the average COP speed, the average COP speed and range of movement towards AP, power spectral density PSD and stock exchange indices. Results: In the case of PSD values for the ranges above and below 0.5 Hz, statistically significant differences occurred for most measurements. Obtained values of TCI coefficient were similar and no statistically significant differences were observed. The maximum values of the PSD medians were obtained in trials with the oscillating scenery. Conclusions: Conducted analyzes showed that use of stock exchange indicators broadens the interpretative possibilities of COP measurements by determining the number of consecutive skips (changes in the direction) of the COP and prioritizing according to the times between them. The applied stock market analysis methods also filtered out changes in the position resulting from noises that could not be removed with the use of standard low-pass filters.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1509-409X , 2450-6303
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.37190/ABB-02062-2022-03
    Language: English
    Publisher: Politechnika Wroclawska Oficyna Wydawnicza
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2559094-7
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Analysis of center of pressure displacements and head movements triggered by a visual stimulus created using the virtual reality technology
    Politechnika Wroclawska Oficyna Wydawnicza ; 2022
    In:  Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2022)
    Details
    In: Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, Politechnika Wroclawska Oficyna Wydawnicza, Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2022)
    Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine how a stimulus presented in the virtual reality environment as a simulation of a fall off the stairs, triggers a loss of balance. The study also examined if the head movement measurements and the analysis in the frequency domain could increase the range of interpretation. Methods: 11 healthy individuals were tested, two [A1] were identified as more susceptible to the introduced disturbance, and one reported having dizziness, car sickness and fear of heights. Measurements of center of pressure (COP) and head positions were performed in the real and in the virtual environment. The beginning of the simulation was either unexpected or preceded by a signal. The analysis included standard parameters determined in time domain as well as the amplitude of the first harmonic from the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Results: The analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences between results obtained: in real and virtual environments, with and without the warning signal. It was possible to notice the effect of virtual disturbance in the three selected individuals; this was particularly evident in the analysis of the first harmonic of the FFT. Conclusions: The conducted tests revealed that the limitation of the analyses exclusively to the time domain could be insufficient for a comprehensive interpretation. The effect of introduced disturbance was particularly noticeable in the analysis of the first harmonic for head movement. The application of this parameter could enable a more accurate investigation of a strategy aimed at maintaining balance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1509-409X , 1509-409X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.37190/ABB-01900-2021-01
    Language: English
    Publisher: Politechnika Wroclawska Oficyna Wydawnicza
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2559094-7
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