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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Among genes involved in the RB dependent cell cycle regulatory cascade, the p16 tumor suppressor gene is frequently lost in the Ewing family of tumors
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 1997
    In:  Oncogene Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 1997-10-30), p. 2225-2232
    Details
    In: Oncogene, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 1997-10-30), p. 2225-2232
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-9232 , 1476-5594
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1201397
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1997
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  • 2
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    JAG2 signaling induces differentiation of CD14+ monocytes into Langerhans cell histiocytosis-like cells
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Leukocyte Biology Vol. 105, No. 1 ( 2018-12-27), p. 101-111
    Details
    In: Journal of Leukocyte Biology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 105, No. 1 ( 2018-12-27), p. 101-111
    Abstract: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a MAPK pathway-driven disease characterized by the accumulation of CD1a+langerin+ cells of unknown origin. We have previously reported that the Notch signaling pathway is active in LCH lesions and that the Notch ligand Jagged2 (JAG2) induces CD1a and langerin expression in monocytes in vitro. Here we show that Notch signaling induces monocytes to acquire an LCH gene signature and that Notch inhibition suppresses the LCH phenotype. In contrast, while also CD1c+ dendritic cells or IL-4-stimulated CD14+ monocytes acquire CD1a and langerin positivity in culture, their gene expression profiles and surface phenotypes are more different from primary LCH cells. We propose a model where CD14+ monocytes serve as LCH cell precursor and JAG2-mediated activation of the Notch signaling pathway initiates a differentiation of monocytes toward LCH cells in selected niches and thereby contributes to LCH pathogenesis. This study aims to identify the cell of origin of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis and the molecular mechanisms of its pathogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1938-3673 , 0741-5400
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/JLB.1A0318-098R
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026833-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Two dimensional single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis: a useful tool for the detection of mutations in long DNA fragments
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 1991
    In:  Nucleic Acids Research Vol. 19, No. 13 ( 1991), p. 3507-3510
    Details
    In: Nucleic Acids Research, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 19, No. 13 ( 1991), p. 3507-3510
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0305-1048 , 1362-4962
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.13.3507
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 1991
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472175-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Abstract 1190: SIRT1 links tumor suppressive NOTCH signaling to p53
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2012
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 72, No. 8_Supplement ( 2012-04-15), p. 1190-1190
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 72, No. 8_Supplement ( 2012-04-15), p. 1190-1190
    Abstract: Besides its important role in organismal development, NOTCH receptor signaling exerts tissue specific proliferative or antiproliferative functions. While the oncogenic role of NOTCH has been extensively investigated due to its constitutive activation in T-cell leukemias and several epithelial cancers, little is known about NOTCH mediated tumor suppression. We have previously reported that in Ewing's sarcoma, a pediatric bone tumor driven by the chimeric ETS oncogene EWS-FLI1, auto-stimulatory NOTCH signaling is suppressed and that reactivation results in p53 and consequently growth inhibitory p21 induction via activation of the NOTCH effector HEY1. We now demonstrate that HEY1-mediated p53 stimulation is accompanied by C-terminal p53 acetylation as a consequence of downregulation of nuclear deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). We found that both EWS-FLI1 and HEY1 bind to the SIRT1 promoter with opposite transcriptional consequences. Thus, knockdown of EWS-FLI1 and ectopic HEY1 expression resulted in similar SIRT1 modulation and p53 acetylation which could be reversed by ectopically expressed SIRT1. Consistent with these results, treatment of Ewing's sarcoma cell lines with the sirtuin inhibitor Tenovin 6 resulted in massive cell death. Immunohistochemical analysis of more than 310 Ewing's sarcoma samples identified moderate (25%-50% positive nuclei) to strong ( & gt;50% positive nuclei) SIRT1 expression in 35% of cases. Additional 20% showed sporadic positivity (between 10-25% positive nuclei). The involvement of SIRT1 in tumor suppressive NOTCH signaling is not restricted to Ewing's sarcoma, but also relevant at least to B-cell malignancies and some normal tissues, since we found that in several B-cell leukemia and lymphoma cell lines and in keratinocytes HEY1 was able to lead to activating p53 acetylation in a SIRT1 suppression-dependent manner. Supported by grants from the Austrian Science Fund (P22328-B09) and the European Comission (EU-FP7 STREP 259348). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1190. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1190
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2012-1190
    RVK:
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    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 5
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    Abstract 4968: Modes of co-factor recruitment by an oncogenic fusion protein
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2010
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 70, No. 8_Supplement ( 2010-04-15), p. 4968-4968
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 70, No. 8_Supplement ( 2010-04-15), p. 4968-4968
    Abstract: Ewing's sarcoma (ESFT) is a highly aggressive pediatric cancer of the bone and characterized by the chimeric ETS transcription factor EWS-FLI1 as a result of a chromosomal translocation. By whole genome gene expression and ChIP-seq analyses we obtained evidence that EWS-FLI1 directly regulates E2F target genes and possibly cooperates with E2F transcription factors. Furthermore, several E2F factors were themselves inferred to be direct targets of EWS-FLI1. To unravel the hierarchical structure of this EWS-FLI1 transcriptional network module we performed luciferase reporter gene assays in combination with DNA motif mutation analyses. The promoter regions of nine candidates for direct target genes of EWS-FLI1 and E2F factors were chosen for in-depth analysis. Corroborating the transcriptomic data, promoter activity of all 9 genes showed reduced levels upon knockdown of EWS-FLI1. The strongest modulatory effect of EWS-FLI1 silencing was observed for the E2F3 promoter, and mutation of a single ETS binding site lead to a comparable reduction of luciferase activity as knockdown of EWS-FLI1. These results validate E2F3 as a directly EWS-FLI1 regulated gene in Ewing's sarcoma. For the other EWS-FLI1 target candidates mutation analysis lead to more complex results. In the RAD51 promoter simultaneous mutation of two ETS binding sites was necessary to obtain a significant reduction of luciferase activity. Furthermore, mutation of a single E2F binding site abolished the effect of EWS-FLI1 knockdown. In promoters of two other candidates, GEMIN4 and ATAD2, mutation of the ETS site resulted in only a moderate reduction of reporter activity, and additional destruction of an E2F binding site was required to achieve a significant decrease in promoter activity. Our results imply that EWS-FLI1 uses several modes of interaction with E2F factors to control common target genes. First, EWS-FLI1 directly activates E2F3 and other E2F factors which, in turn, co-operate with EWS-FLi1 on target gene promoters in a feed-forward loop. Second, results for the RAD51 promoter are compatible with a mechanism where a repressive E2F factor is exchanged for an activating E2F factor via binding of EWS-FLI1. Finally, EWS-FLI1 might have a more indirect role in the regulation of ATAD2 and GEMIN4 where most of the transcriptional effect seems to be exerted by E2F factors. Acknowledgement: This study was funded by the 6th framework program of the European Commission, (“E.E.T. Pipeline” contract LSHC-CT-2006-037260) and by the Austrian genome research program “GEN-AU Ch.I.L.D.“ (GZ 200.136/1 - VI/1/2005). R. Schwentner is a recipient of a DOC-fFORTE-fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4968.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM10-4968
    RVK:
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    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 6
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    Abstract 2961: Reactivation of EWS-FLI1 suppressed FOXO1 expression as a novel therapeutic strategy for Ewing's sarcoma
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2012
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 72, No. 8_Supplement ( 2012-04-15), p. 2961-2961
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 72, No. 8_Supplement ( 2012-04-15), p. 2961-2961
    Abstract: The EWS-FLI1 chimeric protein, characterizing Ewing's sarcoma (ESFT), is prototypic for an aberrant oncogenic ETS transcription factor. The mechanisms of transcriptional regulation leading to ETS-driven tumorigenesis are poorly understood. In-silico analysis of time-resolved expression data revealed enrichment of recognition motifs for forkhead box (FOX) proteins in EWS-FLI1 repressed promoters. Several FOX genes were found to be bound by EWS-FLI1 in ChIP-seq and transcriptionally affected by EWS-FLI1 knockdown. We therefore hypothesized that EWS-FLI1 exerts an important part of its repressive activity via inhibiting FOX proteins. Upon silencing of EWS-FLI1, both FOXO1 and FOXO3 proteins were strongly induced in ESFT cells consistent with this hypothesis, but only FOXO1 translocated to the nucleus. However, in the presence of EWS-FLI1, FOXO1 is excluded from the nucleus as a consequence of phosphorylation. Nuclear translocation was restored by either inhibition of CDK2, augmented by chemical inhibition of PI3K, or by mutation of CDK2 or AKT phosphorylation sites. Furthermore, ChIP experiments revealed that EWS-FLI1 directly binds the promoter of FOXO1 in vitro suggesting a multi-layered regulation of FOXO1 expression by transcriptional repression and post-translational modification. Functional restoration of nuclear FOXO1 expression in ESFT cells resulted in impaired proliferation and significantly reduced soft agar colony formation ability. A significant overlap between EWS-FLI1 repressed and FOXO1 activated genes was observed. Treatment of ESFT cell lines with Methyl-Seleninic-Acid (MSA) led to re-activation of endogenous FOXO1 in the presence of EWS-FLI1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and induced massive cell death, which we found to be at least partially FOXO1-dependent. Taken together, these data confirm our hypothesis that a repressive sub-signature of EWS-FLI1 regulated genes is due to suppression of FOXO1. FOXO1 re-activation by small molecules may constitute a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of ESFT. This study was supported by grant 22328-B09 from the Austrian Science Fund FWF. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2961. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2961
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2012-2961
    RVK:
    XA 36000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 7
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    Abstract 1949: Positive feedback regulation between EWS-FLI1 and miR-145 in Ewing's sarcoma
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2010
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 70, No. 8_Supplement ( 2010-04-15), p. 1949-1949
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 70, No. 8_Supplement ( 2010-04-15), p. 1949-1949
    Abstract: The EWS-FLI1 chimeric protein is a potent tumor specific transcriptional regulator and the molecular cause of Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT). We had previously hypothesized that, since EWS-FLI1 is the major driver of aberrant gene expression in ESFT, there should be an inverse correlation between the changes in gene expression observed in ESFT cell lines in response to RNAi-mediated EWS-FLI1 knockdown and the corresponding gene expression in primary tumors relative to the tissue of origin. We found that mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPC) fit this assumption best and established an ESFT specific EWS-FLI1 transcriptional signature on the mRNA level. Following the same approach, we now studied the EWS-FLI1 dependent regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in ESFT. Genome-wide miRNA analysis was performed after shRNA-mediated stable (5 cell lines) and inducible (1 cell line) EWS-FLI1 knockdown, as well as in 6 primary ESFT and 6 MPC samples using the stem-loop reverse transcription quantitative PCR platform. Among miRNAs consistently affected by EWS-FLI1 silencing and inversely expressed in primary tumors compared to MPCs was hsa-miR-145 which we found upregulated upon EWS-FLI1 silencing. Since several target sites exist for this miRNA within the FLI1 3′UTR, we asked if hsa-miR-145 is capable of modulating EWS-FLI1 expression in ESFT cells. Upon ectopic expression of pri-miR-145 in wildtype p53 ESFT cells, strong modulation of EWS-FLI1 protein levels, but not RNA levels, was observed. In p53 mutant cell lines this effect was less pronounced consistent with a recently reported role of p53 in miR-145 maturation. Preliminary studies suggest that hsa-miR-145 is indirectly regulated by EWS-FLI1 by a mechanism that may involve the NOTCH signaling pathway. Our results identify a positive feed-back loop between EWS-FLI1 and hsa-miR-145 expression in ESFT. Supported by the 6th framework program of the European Commission, (STREP “E.E.T. Pipeline“ contract LSHC-CT-2006-037260) and grant P20665-B12 of the Austrian Science Fund FWF. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1949.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM10-1949
    RVK:
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    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
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  • 8
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    Notch is active in Langerhans cell histiocytosis and confers pathognomonic features on dendritic cells
    American Society of Hematology ; 2012
    In:  Blood Vol. 120, No. 26 ( 2012-12-20), p. 5199-5208
    Details
    In: Blood, American Society of Hematology, Vol. 120, No. 26 ( 2012-12-20), p. 5199-5208
    Abstract: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an enigmatic disease defined by the accumulation of Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells (DCs). In the present study, we demonstrate that LCH cells exhibit a unique transcription profile that separates them not only from plasmacytoid and myeloid DCs, but also from epidermal Langerhans cells, indicating a distinct DC entity. Molecular analysis revealed that isolated and tissue-bound LCH cells selectively express the Notch ligand Jagged 2 (JAG2) and are the only DCs that express both Notch ligand and its receptor. We further show that JAG2 signaling induces key LCH-cell markers in monocyte-derived DCs, suggesting a functional role of Notch signaling in LCH ontogenesis. JAG2 also induced matrix-metalloproteinases 1 and 12, which are highly expressed in LCH and may account for tissue destruction in LCH lesions. This induction was selective for DCs and was not recapitulated in monocytes. The results of the present study suggest that JAG2-mediated Notch activation confers phenotypic and functional aspects of LCH to DCs; therefore, interference with Notch signaling may be an attractive strategy to combat this disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-4971 , 1528-0020
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-02-410241
    RVK:
    XA 33000
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Hematology
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 9
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    Epigenomics and Single-Cell Sequencing Define a Developmental Hierarchy in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2019
    In:  Cancer Discovery Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2019-10-01), p. 1406-1421
    Details
    In: Cancer Discovery, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2019-10-01), p. 1406-1421
    Abstract: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare neoplasm predominantly affecting children. It occupies a hybrid position between cancers and inflammatory diseases, which makes it an attractive model for studying cancer development. To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of LCH and its characteristic clinical heterogeneity, we investigated the transcriptomic and epigenomic diversity in primary LCH lesions. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified multiple recurrent types of LCH cells within these biopsies, including putative LCH progenitor cells and several subsets of differentiated LCH cells. We confirmed the presence of proliferative LCH cells in all analyzed biopsies using IHC, and we defined an epigenomic and gene-regulatory basis of the different LCH-cell subsets by chromatin-accessibility profiling. In summary, our single-cell analysis of LCH uncovered an unexpected degree of cellular, transcriptomic, and epigenomic heterogeneity among LCH cells, indicative of complex developmental hierarchies in LCH lesions. Significance: This study sketches a molecular portrait of LCH lesions by combining single-cell transcriptomics with epigenome profiling. We uncovered extensive cellular heterogeneity, explained in part by an intrinsic developmental hierarchy of LCH cells. Our findings provide new insights and hypotheses for advancing LCH research and a starting point for personalizing therapy. See related commentary by Gruber et al., p. 1343. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1325
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2159-8274 , 2159-8290
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-19-0138
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 10
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    EWS-FLI1 Suppresses NOTCH-Activated p53 in Ewing's Sarcoma
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2008
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 68, No. 17 ( 2008-09-01), p. 7100-7109
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 68, No. 17 ( 2008-09-01), p. 7100-7109
    Abstract: Although p53 is the most frequently mutated gene in cancer, half of human tumors retain wild-type p53, whereby it is unknown whether normal p53 function is compromised by other cancer-associated alterations. One example is Ewing's sarcoma family tumors (ESFT), where 90% express wild-type p53. ESFT are characterized by EWS-FLI1 oncogene fusions. Studying 6 ESFT cell lines, silencing of EWS-FLI1 in a wild-type p53 context resulted in increased p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1 levels, causing cell cycle arrest. Using a candidate gene approach, HEY1 was linked to p53 induction. HEY1 was rarely expressed in 59 primary tumors, but consistently induced upon EWS-FLI1 knockdown in ESFT cell lines. The NOTCH signaling pathway targets HEY1, and we show NOTCH2 and NOTCH3 to be expressed in ESFT primary tumors and cell lines. Upon EWS-FLI1 silencing, NOTCH3 processing accompanied by nuclear translocation of the activated intracellular domain was observed in all but one p53-mutant cell line. In cell lines with the highest HEY1 induction, NOTCH3 activation was the consequence of JAG1 transcriptional induction. JAG1 modulation by specific siRNA, NOTCH-processing inhibition by either GSI or ectopic NUMB1, and siRNA-mediated HEY1 knockdown all inhibited p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1 induction. Conversely, forced expression of JAG1, activated NOTCH3, or HEY1 induced p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1. These results indicate that suppression of EWS-FLI1 reactivates NOTCH signaling in ESFT cells, resulting in p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. Our data link EWS-FLI1 to the NOTCH and p53 pathways and provide a plausible basis both for NOTCH tumor suppressor effects and oncogenesis of cancers that retain wild-type p53. [Cancer Res 2008;68(17):7100–9]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6145
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2008
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