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  • 1
    In: Journal of Burn Care & Research, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 42, No. 4 ( 2021-08-04), p. 610-616
    Abstract: Although prior studies have demonstrated the utility of real-time pressure mapping devices in preventing pressure ulcers, there has been little investigation of their efficacy in burn intensive care unit (BICU) patients, who are at especially high risk for these hospital-acquired injuries. This study retrospectively reviewed clinical records of BICU patients to investigate the utility of pressure mapping data in determining the incidence, predictors, and associated costs of hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs). Of 122 patients, 57 (47%) were studied prior to implementation of pressure mapping and 65 (53%) were studied after implementation. The HAPI rate was 18% prior to implementation of pressure monitoring, which declined to 8% postimplementation (chi square: P = .10). HAPIs were less likely to be stage 3 or worse in the postimplementation cohort (P & lt; .0001). On multivariable-adjusted regression accounting for known predictors of HAPIs in burn patients, having had at least 12 hours of sustained pressure loading in one area significantly increased odds of developing a pressure injury in that area (odds ratio 1.3, 95% CI 1.0–1.5, P = .04). Patients who developed HAPIs were significantly more likely to have had unsuccessful repositioning efforts in comparison to those who did not (P = .02). Finally, implementation of pressure mapping resulted in significant cost savings—$6750 (standard deviation: $1008) for HAPI-related care prior to implementation, vs $3800 (standard deviation: $923) after implementation, P = .008. In conclusion, the use of real-time pressure mapping decreased the morbidity and costs associated with HAPIs in BICU patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1559-047X , 1559-0488
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2071028-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2021
    In:  Annals of Plastic Surgery Vol. 86, No. 1 ( 2021-1), p. 29-34
    In: Annals of Plastic Surgery, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 86, No. 1 ( 2021-1), p. 29-34
    Abstract: Burn injuries have an annual incidence exceeding 40,000. The Burn Center Referral Criteria published by the American Burn Association (ABA) serve to guide health centers in determining appropriateness of patient transfer to a specialized center. With inappropriate transfer rates reaching up to 77%, reliance on the ABA criteria is critical as the decision to transfer a patient can impose significant costs to both the patient and healthcare system. The aim of this study is to evaluate the appropriateness of all burn patient transfers to a single burn center over a 5-year period and assess the potential role of telemedicine to optimize the assessment and care of this patient population. Methods A 5-year retrospective review was conducted to all burn patients transferred or consulted for transfer to our burn center between January 2013 and January 2017. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 767 cases were analyzed, with 612 ultimately being transferred. Outcome measures included basic clinical and demographic information, as well as logistical burn and transfer data such as percent total body surface area and transfer distance. After data collection, 5-year descriptive trends were analyzed, and the ABA criteria were applied to each patient case to evaluate appropriateness of transfer. Patients transferred despite not meeting at least one of the ABA criteria were classified as inappropriately transferred. Results A total of 25 patients (3.2%) were found to be inappropriate transfers. Statistical analysis compared appropriately transferred patients (n = 587) with those inappropriately transferred. Overall, inappropriately transferred patients were more likely to have superficial partial thickness burns (76% vs 46%, P = 0.05), were less likely to need surgery (4% vs 22%, P 〈 0.05), and had a higher incidence of upper extremity burns (32% vs 4%, P 〈 0.01). Conclusions Our study increases awareness of the most commonly seen presentation of inappropriately transferred burn patients over a 5-year period at our center. Given the advent of telemedicine, the ability of institutions to pinpoint a subset of patients most vulnerable to inappropriate transfer will allow for a streamlining of resources that will serve to benefit both patients and the health system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1536-3708 , 0148-7043
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2063013-X
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  • 3
    In: HAND, SAGE Publications, Vol. 17, No. 5 ( 2022-09), p. 969-974
    Abstract: Upper extremity (UE) transplantation is a complex undertaking that may require emergent or elective secondary surgery (SS) days to years following transplant. Various patient and transplantation may help determine what SS is needed. In this study, we characterize the SS needed by our UE transplant patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 6 patients who underwent hand and UE transplantation by one of the authors. Transplantation and SS details were obtained from medical records. Hand and arm function was quantified both subjectively (patient-reports) and objectively (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Score; Carroll test; Action Research Arm Tests; Box and Block test). Results Six patients underwent transplantation for a total of 10 transplanted limbs. Five transplants were performed below and 5 above the elbow. Mean time post-transplantation at last follow-up was 5 years (range: 1-9 years). In all, 66.7% of the patients required SS: total 7 surgeries comprising 13 procedures. The most common procedures were to improve hand function—nerve decompressions and tendon transfer, both in above-elbow transplant. Both patients showed a mean improvement of 15 points on Carroll scores. One above-elbow transplant had a brachioplasty for excess skin and another had a hematoma evacuation immediately after transplantation. Procedures in the below-elbow transplants included multiple incision and drainages for a septic wrist and an open reduction and internal fixation for a forearm fracture. Conclusion Patients receiving UE transplantation often require one or more secondary procedures which may vary with level of transplantation. Secondary surgery should be an important aspect of pretransplant planning and cost-effectiveness determinations. Level of Evidence Level IV
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1558-9447 , 1558-9455
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2316440-2
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  • 4
    In: New England Journal of Medicine, Massachusetts Medical Society, Vol. 381, No. 19 ( 2019-11-07), p. 1876-1878
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-4793 , 1533-4406
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468837-2
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  • 5
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 611, No. 7934 ( 2022-11-03), p. 139-147
    Abstract: Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection 1 has been associated with highly inflammatory immune activation since the earliest days of the COVID-19 pandemic 2–5 . More recently, these responses have been associated with the emergence of self-reactive antibodies with pathologic potential 6–10 , although their origins and resolution have remained unclear 11 . Previously, we and others have identified extrafollicular B cell activation, a pathway associated with the formation of new autoreactive antibodies in chronic autoimmunity 12,13 , as a dominant feature of severe and critical COVID-19 (refs. 14–18 ). Here, using single-cell B cell repertoire analysis of patients with mild and severe disease, we identify the expansion of a naive-derived, low-mutation IgG1 population of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) reflecting features of low selective pressure. These features correlate with progressive, broad, clinically relevant autoreactivity, particularly directed against nuclear antigens and carbamylated proteins, emerging 10–15 days after the onset of symptoms. Detailed analysis of the low-selection compartment shows a high frequency of clonotypes specific for both SARS-CoV-2 and autoantigens, including pathogenic autoantibodies against the glomerular basement membrane. We further identify the contraction of this pathway on recovery, re-establishment of tolerance standards and concomitant loss of acute-derived ASCs irrespective of antigen specificity. However, serological autoreactivity persists in a subset of patients with postacute sequelae, raising important questions as to the contribution of emerging autoreactivity to continuing symptomology on recovery. In summary, this study demonstrates the origins, breadth and resolution of autoreactivity in severe COVID-19, with implications for early intervention and the treatment of patients with post-COVID sequelae.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Burn Care & Research Vol. 41, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-03-03), p. S221-S221
    In: Journal of Burn Care & Research, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 41, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-03-03), p. S221-S221
    Abstract: Despite advances in burn care that dramatically increase survivability for severe burn injuries, individuals who suffer such injuries will likely experience long recovery periods complicated by declines in psychological, social, behavioral, occupational, and sexual functioning. We compared the self-importance of spirituality in a patient’s life with select demographic data in order to better understand the role of spirituality in the treatment and recovery of patients in the Burn Intensive Care Unit (BICU). Methods In this survey study and subsequent retrospective review, we explored the importance of spiritual beliefs and practices to the burn patient population within the BICU. We utilized the Belief into Action Scale (BIAC), which is a validated survey tool designed to quantify the full range of an individual’s religious involvement. Each participant completed one BIAC survey during his or her inpatient stay. We then collected patient demographics, including religious affiliation and the number of pastoral visits received. Injury characteristics and outcome measures were examined including, Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) burn, length of stay (LOS), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Results Between April and June of 2019, surveys were administered to 32 adult participants. The participants ranged in age from 21 to 83 (mean 52.5), 59% (19/32) were male and 41% (13/32) were female. Of the 32 participants, 69% were Caucasian, 25% were African American, 3% were Hispanic/Latino, and 3% were other. Sixty-six percent (21/32) had no religious affiliation identified within their medical record and 31% (10/32) of patients had at least 1 pastoral visit (range 0–5 visits). TBSA ranged from 0% (10/32) to 35%, seven (22%) participants had an inhalation injury, the most common mechanism of burn injury was flame (43.75%), and the average length of stay was 16 days (range 1–75 days). Mean BIAC score was 44.8 (out of 100), with a median of 46.5 and a standard deviation of 22.6, indicating a moderate degree of spiritual and religious beliefs. Conclusions Acutely injured burn patients, admitted to an urban burn center, report a moderate degree of spiritual and religious beliefs, strongly supporting the need for pastoral care in this population. Applicability of Research to Practice The increased likelihood of survival for severely burn injured patients has led to the need for a greater emphasis on the potential psychological and social morbidity for these individuals. This research highlights the importance of addressing the spiritual needs of burn patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1559-047X , 1559-0488
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 7
    In: Journal of Burn Care & Research, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 41, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-03-03), p. S197-S198
    Abstract: Topical antibacterial agents are an essential component of burn wound management. The aim is to prevent wound infection effectively and promote healing. A poorly treated wound can result in scarring or even sepsis and multi-organ dysfunction in severe cases. Topical Silver Sulfadiazine cream (SSD 1%) has been the gold standard for burn care since 1960s. Due to the immediate burst release of the drug into the exposed areas, application is relatively frequent, usually twice daily. However, it remains unknown whether twice-daily SSD dressings are superior to once-daily. Methods Our institution maintained a twice-daily dressing change standard of care until 01/01/2019. Patients admitted after that date had their dressing changed once daily. Our goal is to review outcomes for 75 patients before the change-of-practice and 75 patients after the change. Our main outcomes recorded are wound infection, average pain scores, average daily narcotic requirements and length-of-stay. Results Preliminary results of 20 pre-change-of-practice and 20 post-change-of-practice patients showed no difference in the outcomes between the two groups. The infection rates were the same for both groups (15%), average pain scores (Graph 1) for the post-change group were slightly higher (pre=5.5, post=5.8; p=0.7), average length-of-stay (Graph 2) was longer in the pre-change group (pre=9.2, post=5.7; p=0.04), and no other surgical complications were reported for patients in either group. Conclusions Preliminary results show that a once-daily dressing change of SSD, has no negative impact on burn wound outcomes. In addition, it is associated with a decreased length-of-stay. A decreased length-of-stay means reduced medical expenses for the patient and the hospital. Changing the standard-of-care to once-daily could prove beneficial. Further patient review will shed more light on the significance of these results, however so far there is no inferiority in wound healing. Applicability of Research to Practice The frequency of dressing changes directly affects staff workload who are required to spend a lot of time carefully changing dressings. In addition, patient discomfort associated with frequent dressing changes including interference with sleep hygiene and increased pain medications could also be avoided. Finally, fewer dressing changes are associated with less medical supplies and hospital utilization without putting the patient at any further risk of infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1559-047X , 1559-0488
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Burn Care & Research Vol. 41, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-03-03), p. S118-S118
    In: Journal of Burn Care & Research, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 41, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-03-03), p. S118-S118
    Abstract: Patients with homelessness in the setting of burns experience more complications and longer lengths of stay (LOS), resulting in higher costs of care and recidivism rates, making appropriate screening and documentation critical to improving outcomes. However, the prevalence of housing instability and its effect on outcomes has not yet been studied. This study sought to describe the prevalence of housing insecurity, or homelessness and housing instability, in patients admitted to an urban burn intensive care unit (BICU) and compare their outcomes to their housed counterparts. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of all adult patients admitted to our BICU over 3 years. The degree of burn injury and LOS were collected. We used the World Health Organization definitions of housing insecurity to identify patients. Physician and case management notes were used to evaluate housing status. Results There were 881 patients observed. The prevalence of patients with homelessness was 2.9 per 100 patients. The prevalence of patients with housing instability was 10.3 per 100 patients. The median length of stay was 8 (IQR 4 – 11) days for patients with homelessness and 4.5 (IQR 2 – 12) days for patients with housing instability compared to 4 (IQR 1 – 8) days for housed patients (P & lt; 0.001). Patients with housing insecurity had similar injuries to housed patients (P = 0.06). Physicians incorrectly documented housing status in 42.9% of patients with housing insecurity compared to case management, which correctly screened all patients (P & lt; 0.01). The electronic medical record correctly screened less than 1% of the patients with housing insecurity (P & lt; 0.01). Conclusions Housing insecurity is more prevalent than previously thought, with 13.2 per 100 patients experiencing either homelessness or housing instability. These patients have similar injuries to their housed counterparts, with longer stays and higher health care costs. Identifying and implementing appropriate screening tools can help provider teams connect patients with resources, reducing costs and improving outcomes. Applicability of Research to Practice Identifying patients at high risk earlier in their care can ensure that they are provided with the appropriate resources to avoid complications and worse outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1559-047X , 1559-0488
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Burn Care & Research Vol. 42, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-04-01), p. S144-S145
    In: Journal of Burn Care & Research, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 42, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-04-01), p. S144-S145
    Abstract: The assessment and treatment of pain has become increasingly important in light of the opioid epidemic. Inadequately managed pain can lead to increased risk of psychiatric illness. The numeric rating scale (NRS) is used in most ICUs and only assesses pain intensity. Although it is reliable, valid, and user-friendly, other publications have criticized this one-dimensional pain assessment tools as offering little information about the impact of the pain on the patient’s life. The defense and veterans pain rating scale (DVPRS) is a multi-dimensional tool designed to assess the patient’s pain intensity as well as how the pain interferes with the patient’s general activity, sleep, mood and stress. Studies have shown that it has good validity and reliability in the inpatient and outpatient military population with neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain. The DVPRS has not been evaluated in critical care patients. Thus, this study comparatively investigated ICU patients’ satisfaction with the DVPRS versus the NRS. Methods This was a prospective pilot study performed from September 2018 to July 2019 in a 10 bed burn intensive care unit (BICU) and 10 bed surgical intensive care unit (SICU) at a university teaching hospital. This was an IRB approved study. All enrolled patients were older than 18 years of age and were CAM-ICU negative. The participating staff members were educated on the use of the scales prior to the start of the study. Routine treatment of pain was not altered by the study. Pain was assessed by staff nurses randomly assigned to use the NRS or DVPRS tool. The selected tool was used on admission, during wound care and every 4 hours or upon patient need. The patients completed satisfaction surveys on the day of discharge. Results 42 patients participated and 32 completed the study. 18 patients were in the DVPRS arm and 14 were in the NRS arm. Our primary outcome was patient satisfaction, ranked on a scale from 0–10, where 0 was the lowest score and 10 was the highest. Overall, patients in the DVPRS cohort had higher median satisfaction scores (median score: 10, interquartile range: 8–10) than the NRS cohort (median score: 8, interquartile range 7–9), though this difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.16). However, DVPRS patients were significantly more likely to be “completely satisfied” than NRS patients (55.6% in DVPRS patients versus 21.4% in NRS patients; p=0.04). Furthermore, upon multivariate logistic analysis adjusting for age, gender, and ICU using the NRS pain scale conferred lower odds of complete satisfaction with pain management (odds ratio: 0.19, p=0.04). Conclusions Our study showed that ICU patients preferred the DVPRS over the NRS. The DVPRS appeared to be as effective as the NRS in pain relief and gave providers more information about patients’ pain.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1559-047X , 1559-0488
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2071028-8
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Burn Care & Research Vol. 42, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-04-01), p. S60-S61
    In: Journal of Burn Care & Research, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 42, No. Supplement_1 ( 2021-04-01), p. S60-S61
    Abstract: Associations, institutions, and providers have made enormous efforts to educate the United States public on burn injury in the hopes of preventing burns. However, there are no reports to-date describing the level of public burn knowledge in the U.S. This study characterized the public knowledge of burn prevention and preparedness in the US. It also aimed to assess if our interactive quiz is an appropriate educational tool. Methods QualtricsTM surveys designed to test knowledge and educate about burns were crowdsourced to laypersons via Amazon MTurk. Demographics were self-reported. In section 1, respondents were presented six questions asking about causes and care for burns, in a quiz style with explanations provided immediately. In section 2, respondents self-reported personal experiences with burns, burn education, and knowledge of verified burn centers. In section 3, they reported attitudes towards burn care. Survey responses were analyzed using two-tailed Student’s t tests and chi square analyses. Results We received 402 completed survey responses, and 331 total were included for analysis; studies were excluded if they were completed in & lt; 5 minutes or had incorrect attention check questions. The mean age was 39.4 ± 12.08, and 51% male. 1. Knowledge: The average quiz score was 51% ± 8; while 65% of respondents knew to run scald burns under cool water, only 41% knew the optimal time of more than 20 minutes. The majority of respondents (92%) reported the quiz improved their burn knowledge. Also, while majority (63%) of respondents had heard of verified burn centers, only 44% knew where the closest one was. 2. Experiences: 72% of respondents had personally experienced a burn, of which 62% were treated in the emergency room. 57% of respondents had witnessed a burn injury occur, of which 92% applied first aid using cool running water (26%), ice (18%), burn gel (17%), and gauze (11%). Only 61% of respondents have participated in burn precautions at home. 56% of respondents have received formal burn training, such as from CPR class (21.4%) and recent first aid training (32.9%). Informal sources include from friends and family (66%), personal burn experience (63%), or social media (47.4%). 3. Attitudes: The majority of respondents agreed there should be more public education on risks/prevention (85%) and treatment of burns (78.6%). Only 63% believe acute burn care should be covered by insurance. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that despite personal experiences with burns and formalized courses, there remain gaps in public burn knowledge in the US. Further studies are required to characterize more detailed knowledge gaps and intervention strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1559-047X , 1559-0488
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2071028-8
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