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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Peculiar Winds At The Coast—And How To Catch Them!
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers for Young Minds Vol. 11 ( 2023-6-21)
    Details
    In: Frontiers for Young Minds, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2023-6-21)
    Abstract: Strong winds mean a lot of power production by wind turbines! In the search for the windiest locations with the potential to produce lots of power, the coastal zone has popped up as one of the most appealing places. However, there are some peculiar wind patterns in coastal regions that need to be well-understood to accurately predict how much power can be produced. In this article, we will explain the mechanisms behind two of these wind patterns: the sea breeze and low-level jets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-6846
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/frym.2023.1046316
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2742758-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Single-Column Method to Identify Sea and Land Breezes in Mesoscale-Resolving NWP Models
    American Meteorological Society ; 2023
    In:  Weather and Forecasting Vol. 38, No. 6 ( 2023-06), p. 1025-1039
    Details
    In: Weather and Forecasting, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 38, No. 6 ( 2023-06), p. 1025-1039
    Abstract: One of the most prominent mesoscale phenomena in the coastal zone is the sea-breeze/land-breeze circulation. The pattern and its implications for the weather in coastal areas are well described, and with mesoscale-resolving operational NWP models the circulation can be captured. In this study, a straightforward method to identify sea and land breezes based on the change in wind direction in the column above a grid point on the coastline is presented. The method was tested for southern Sweden using archived output from the HARMONIE-AROME model with promising results, describing both the seasonal and diurnal cycles well. In areas with a complex coastline, such as narrow straits, the concept of the land–sea breeze becomes less clear, and several ways to address this problem for the suggested method are discussed. With an operational index of the sea and land breezes, the forecaster can better understand and express the weather situation and add value for people in the coastal zone. Further, the indices can be used to study systematic biases in the model and to create climatologies of the sea and land breezes. Significance Statement A wind pattern that is frequently occurring in the coastal zone is the sea-breeze/land-breeze circulation, and the purpose of this study is to test a new method to automatically identify sea breezes and land breezes in weather forecasts. Knowing if a sea breeze or a land breeze is occurring is helpful for the operational weather forecaster in understanding the weather situation. It can also be used to study systematic model behavior, for example, errors in the forecast temperature during sea-breeze conditions. The method has been tested for seven coastal sites in Sweden and shows promising results both in case studies and multiyear statistics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0882-8156 , 1520-0434
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/WAF-D-22-0163.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025194-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Classification and properties of non-idealized coastal wind profiles – an observational study
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2022
    In:  Wind Energy Science Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2022-06-08), p. 1183-1207
    Details
    In: Wind Energy Science, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2022-06-08), p. 1183-1207
    Abstract: Abstract. Non-idealized wind profiles frequently occur over the Baltic Sea and are important to take into consideration for offshore wind power, as they affect not only the power production but also the loads on the structure and the behavior of the wake behind the turbine. In this observational study, we classified non-idealized profiles as the following wind profiles having negative shear in at least one part of the lidar wind profile between 28 and 300 m: low-level jets (with a local wind maximum in the profile), profiles with a local minimum and negative profiles. Using observations spanning over 3 years, we show that these non-idealized profiles are common over the Baltic Sea in late spring and summer, with a peak of 40 % relative occurrence in May. Negative profiles (in the 28–300 m layer) mostly occurred during unstable conditions, in contrast to low-level jets that primarily occurred in stable stratification. There were indications that the strong shear zone of low-level jets could cause a relative suppression of the variance for large turbulent eddies compared to the peak of the velocity spectra, in the layer below the jet core. Swell conditions were found to be favorable for the occurrence of negative profiles and profiles with a local minimum, as the waves fed energy into the surface layer, resulting in an increase in the wind speed from below.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2366-7451
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/wes-7-1183-2022
    DOI: 10.5194/wes-7-1183-2022-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2846783-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Validation of the actuator disc approach using small-scale model wind turbines
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2017
    In:  Wind Energy Science Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 2017-11-24), p. 587-601
    Details
    In: Wind Energy Science, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 2017-11-24), p. 587-601
    Abstract: Abstract. The aim of the present study is the validation of the implementation of an actuator disc (ACD) model in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code PHOENICS. The flow behaviour for three wind turbine cases is investigated numerically and compared to wind tunnel measurements: (A) the flow around a single model wind turbine, (B) the wake interaction between two in-line model wind turbines for a uniform inflow of low turbulence intensity and (C) the wake interaction between two in-line model wind turbines at different separation distances in a uniform or sheared inflow of high turbulence intensity. This is carried out using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations and an ACD technique in the CFD code PHOENICS. The computations are conducted for the design condition of the rotors using four different turbulence closure models and five different thrust distributions. The computed axial velocity field as well as the turbulence kinetic energy are compared with hot-wire anemometry (HWA) measurements. For the cases with two in-line wind turbines, the thrust coefficient is also computed and compared with measurements. The results show that for different inflow conditions and wind turbine spacings the proposed method is able to predict the overall behaviour of the flow with low computational effort. When using the k-ε and Kato–Launder k-ε turbulence models the results are generally in closer agreement with the measurements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2366-7451
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/wes-2-587-2017
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2846783-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wind turbine wake inflow over a heterogeneous forest - comparison between measurement and LES simulation
    IOP Publishing ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Physics: Conference Series Vol. 1934, No. 1 ( 2021-05-01), p. 012008-
    Details
    In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, IOP Publishing, Vol. 1934, No. 1 ( 2021-05-01), p. 012008-
    Abstract: In this work a new step in understanding the wind turbine (WT) wake behavior on forested areas is made. For this analysis, a pair of real scale WTs located on a site with moderately complex terrain and heterogeneous forest is simulated using Large Eddy Simulation (LES). This simulation is compared with met mast and power output measurements of two WTs in Ryningsnas, Sweden, considering near neutral stratification in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Three validation steps are followed; first, the undisturbed wind profile is compared with met mast data and another similar LES code. Then, the wake for each WT wake impacting on the met mast at different directions is addressed. A feature of this pair of WTs is that these have different hub heights, but the same rated power and rotor diameter, which helps provide insight into how the tip clearance over the forest affects the operation and wake characteristics. Finally, power output deficits when the WTs are operating in each others wakes are compared to observed power deficits. For these simulations SOWFA, the Open FOAM project for wind farms simulation in ABL, is used. In this code, three new additions are made; the forest model, the mesh modification for complex terrain and the representation of the WT using an actuator disc model with local force adaptation for wind farm flows. The simulation results show a good performance on quantitatively and qualitatively capturing the velocity in the wake, but for TKE the simulation underestimates the magnitude, and fails to match the measured structure of the wake for one of two WTs. The power deficit on the impacted WTs is well captured, despite the complexity related to turbines with different hub heights. This study makes one of the first steps on validating LES simulations for wind farms in forest.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-6588 , 1742-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1934/1/012008
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2166409-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exploring the application of reinforcement learning to wind farm control
    IOP Publishing ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Physics: Conference Series Vol. 1934, No. 1 ( 2021-05-01), p. 012022-
    Details
    In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, IOP Publishing, Vol. 1934, No. 1 ( 2021-05-01), p. 012022-
    Abstract: Optimal control of wind farms to maximize power is a challenging task since the wake interaction between the turbines is a highly nonlinear phenomenon. In recent years the field of Reinforcement Learning has made great contributions to nonlinear control problems and has been successfully applied to control and optimization in 2D laminar flows. In this work, Reinforcement Learning is applied to wind farm control for the first time to the authors’ best knowledge. To demonstrate the optimization abilities of the newly developed framework, parameters of an already existing control strategy, the helix approach, are tuned to optimize the total power production of a small wind farm. This also includes an extension of the helix approach to multiple turbines. Furthermore, it is attempted to develop novel control strategies based on the control of the generator torque. The results are analysed and difficulties in the setup in regards to Reinforcement Learning are discussed. The tuned helix approach yields a total power increase of 6.8% on average for the investigated case, while the generator torque controller does not yield an increase in total power. Finally, an alternative setup is proposed to improve the design of the problem.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-6588 , 1742-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1934/1/012022
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2166409-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Determination of Wind Turbine Near-Wake Length Based on Stability Analysis
    IOP Publishing ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Physics: Conference Series Vol. 524 ( 2014-06-16), p. 012155-
    Details
    In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, IOP Publishing, Vol. 524 ( 2014-06-16), p. 012155-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/524/1/012155
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2166409-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wake Conference 2015
    IOP Publishing ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Physics: Conference Series Vol. 625 ( 2015-06-18), p. 011001-
    Details
    In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, IOP Publishing, Vol. 625 ( 2015-06-18), p. 011001-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-6588 , 1742-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/625/1/011001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2166409-2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Statistics of LES Simulations of Large Wind Farms
    IOP Publishing ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Physics: Conference Series Vol. 753 ( 2016-09), p. 032002-
    Details
    In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, IOP Publishing, Vol. 753 ( 2016-09), p. 032002-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-6588 , 1742-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/753/3/032002
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2166409-2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Airfoil data sensitivity analysis for actuator disc simulations used in wind turbine applications
    IOP Publishing ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Physics: Conference Series Vol. 524 ( 2014-06-16), p. 012135-
    Details
    In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, IOP Publishing, Vol. 524 ( 2014-06-16), p. 012135-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/524/1/012135
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2166409-2
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