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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characteristics of Cirrus Clouds Observed by Laser Radar (Lidar) during the Spring of 1987 and the Winter of 1987/88
    Meteorological Society of Japan ; 1991
    In:  Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II Vol. 69, No. 3 ( 1991), p. 401-411
    Details
    In: Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II, Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 69, No. 3 ( 1991), p. 401-411
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0026-1165 , 2186-9057
    Uniform Title: レーザ•レーダ観測より得られた1987年春季および1987/88年冬季の巻雲の特徴
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2151/jmsj1965.69.3_401
    Language: English , Japanese
    Publisher: Meteorological Society of Japan
    Publication Date: 1991
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  • 2
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    Optimization of the Photon Path Length Probability Density Function-Simultaneous (PPDF-S) Method and Evaluation of CO2 Retrieval Performance Under Dense Aerosol Conditions
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sensors Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2019-03-12), p. 1262-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2019-03-12), p. 1262-
    Abstract: The photon path length probability density function-simultaneous (PPDF-S) algorithm is effective for retrieving column-averaged concentrations of carbon dioxide (XCO2) and methane (XCH4) from Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) spectra in Short Wavelength InfraRed (SWIR). Using this method, light-path modification attributable to light reflection/scattering by atmospheric clouds/aerosols is represented by the modification of atmospheric transmittance according to PPDF parameters. We optimized PPDF parameters for a more accurate XCO2 retrieval under aerosol dense conditions based on simulation studies for various aerosol types and surface albedos. We found a more appropriate value of PPDF parameters referring to the vertical profile of CO2 concentration as a measure of a stable solution. The results show that the constraint condition of a PPDF parameter that represents the light reflectance effect by aerosols is sufficiently weak to affect XCO2 adversely. By optimizing the constraint, it was possible to obtain a stable solution of XCO2. The new optimization was applied to retrieval analysis of the GOSAT data measured in Western Siberia. First, we assumed clear sky conditions and retrieved XCO2 from GOSAT data obtained near Yekaterinburg in the target area. The retrieved XCO2 was validated through a comparison with ground-based Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) measurements made at the Yekaterinburg observation site. The validation results showed that the retrieval accuracy was reasonable. Next, we applied the optimized method to dense aerosol conditions when biomass burning was active. The results demonstrated that optimization enabled retrieval, even under smoky conditions, and that the total number of retrieved data increased by about 70%. Furthermore, the results of the simulation studies and the GOSAT data analysis suggest that atmospheric aerosol types that affected CO2 analysis are identifiable by the PPDF parameter value. We expect that we will be able to suggest a further improved algorithm after the atmospheric aerosol types are identified.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s19051262
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 3
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    Correction: Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite 2 (GOSAT-2): mission overview
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Progress in Earth and Planetary Science Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2023-07-31)
    Details
    In: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2023-07-31)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2197-4284
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s40645-023-00576-w
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
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    CO 2 retrieval algorithm for the thermal infrared spectra of the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite: Potential of retrieving CO 2 vertical profile from high-resolution FTS sensor
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 114, No. D17 ( 2009-09-10)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 114, No. D17 ( 2009-09-10)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2008JD011500
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2009
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 5
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    Vertical profile of tropospheric ozone derived from synergetic retrieval using three different wavelength ranges, UV, IR, and microwave: sensitivity study for satellite observation
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2018
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2018-03-26), p. 1653-1668
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2018-03-26), p. 1653-1668
    Abstract: Abstract. We performed a feasibility study of constraining the vertical profile of the tropospheric ozone by using a synergetic retrieval method on multiple spectra, i.e., ultraviolet (UV), thermal infrared (TIR), and microwave (MW) ranges, measured from space. This work provides, for the first time, a quantitative evaluation of the retrieval sensitivity of the tropospheric ozone by adding the MW measurement to the UV and TIR measurements. Two observation points in East Asia (one in an urban area and one in an ocean area) and two observation times (one during summer and one during winter) were assumed. Geometry of line of sight was nadir down-looking for the UV and TIR measurements, and limb sounding for the MW measurement. The retrieval sensitivities of the ozone profiles in the upper troposphere (UT), middle troposphere (MT), and lowermost troposphere (LMT) were estimated using the degree of freedom for signal (DFS), the pressure of maximum sensitivity, reduction rate of error from the a priori error, and the averaging kernel matrix, derived based on the optimal estimation method. The measurement noise levels were assumed to be the same as those for currently available instruments. The weighting functions for the UV, TIR, and MW ranges were calculated using the SCIATRAN radiative transfer model, the Line-By-Line Radiative Transfer Model (LBLRTM), and the Advanced Model for Atmospheric Terahertz Radiation Analysis and Simulation (AMATERASU), respectively. The DFS value was increased by approximately 96, 23, and 30 % by adding the MW measurements to the combination of UV and TIR measurements in the UT, MT, and LMT regions, respectively. The MW measurement increased the DFS value of the LMT ozone; nevertheless, the MW measurement alone has no sensitivity to the LMT ozone. The pressure of maximum sensitivity value for the LMT ozone was also increased by adding the MW measurement. These findings indicate that better information on LMT ozone can be obtained by adding constraints on the UT and MT ozone from the MW measurement. The results of this study are applicable to the upcoming air-quality monitoring missions, APOLLO, GMAP-Asia, and uvSCOPE.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-11-1653-2018
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 6
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    Satellite (GOSAT-2 CAI-2) retrieval and surface (ARFINET) observations of aerosol black carbon over India
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2023
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 23, No. 14 ( 2023-07-19), p. 8059-8079
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 23, No. 14 ( 2023-07-19), p. 8059-8079
    Abstract: Abstract. Light-absorbing black carbon (BC) aerosols strongly affect Earth's radiation budget and climate. This paper presents satellite retrieval of BC over India based on observations from the Cloud and Aerosol Imager-2 (CAI-2) on board the Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite-2 (GOSAT-2). To evaluate and validate the satellite retrievals, near-surface BC mass concentrations measured across the Aerosol Radiative Forcing over India NETwork (ARFINET) of aerosol observatories are used. Then the findings are extended to elucidate global BC features. The analysis reveals that this satellite retrieval clearly demonstrates the regional and seasonal features of BC over the Indian region, similarly to those recorded by surface observations. Validation and closure studies between the two datasets show RMSE 〈 1 and absolute difference below 2 µg m−3 for 〉 60 % of simultaneous observations, exhibiting good associations for December, January, and February (R of approximately 0.73) and March, April, and May (R approx. 0.76). Over the hotspot regions of India, satellite retrievals show a soot volume fraction of approx. 5 %, columnar single-scattering albedo of approx. 0.8, and BC column optical depth of approx. 0.1 during times of the highest BC loading, which are comparable to other in situ and satellite measurements. In terms of global spatiotemporal variation, satellite retrievals show higher BC occurring mostly in areas where biomass burning is intense. Overall, this study highlights the effectiveness of satellite retrieval of BC, which can be used effectively for the regular monitoring of BC loading attributable to vehicular, industrial, or biomass burning activities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-8059-2023
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-8059-2023-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
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    A development of cloud top height retrieval using thermal infrared spectra observed with GOSAT and comparison with CALIPSO data
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2016
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2016-05-03), p. 1981-1992
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2016-05-03), p. 1981-1992
    Abstract: Abstract. An algorithm based on CO2 slicing, which has been used for cirrus cloud detection using thermal infrared data, was developed for high-resolution radiance spectra from satellites. The channels were reconstructed based on sensitivity height information of the original spectral channels to reduce the effects of measurement errors. Selection of the reconstructed channel pairs was optimized for several atmospheric profile patterns using simultaneous studies assuming a cloudy sky. That algorithm was applied to data by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). Results were compared with those obtained from the space-borne lidar instrument on-board Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). Monthly mean cloud amounts from the slicing generally agreed with those from CALIPSO observations despite some differences caused by surface temperature biases, optically very thin cirrus, multilayer structures of clouds, extremely low cloud tops, and specific atmospheric conditions. Comparison of coincident data showed good agreement, except for some cases, and revealed that the improved slicing method is more accurate than the traditional slicing method. Results also imply that improved slicing can detect low-level clouds with cloud top heights as low as approximately 1.5 km.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-1981-2016
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 8
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    Algorithm update of the GOSAT/TANSO-FTS thermal infrared CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 product (version 1) and validation of the UTLS CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 data using CONTRAIL measurements
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2016
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2016-05-13), p. 2119-2134
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2016-05-13), p. 2119-2134
    Abstract: Abstract. The Thermal and Near Infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation (TANSO)–Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) on board the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) has been observing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in several atmospheric layers in the thermal infrared (TIR) band since its launch. This study compared TANSO-FTS TIR version 1 (V1) CO2 data and CO2 data obtained in the Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner (CONTRAIL) project in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), where the TIR band of TANSO-FTS is most sensitive to CO2 concentrations, to validate the quality of the TIR V1 UTLS CO2 data from 287 to 162 hPa. We first evaluated the impact of considering TIR CO2 averaging kernel functions on CO2 concentrations using CO2 profile data obtained by the CONTRAIL Continuous CO2 Measuring Equipment (CME), and found that the impact at around the CME level flight altitudes (∼ 11 km) was on average less than 0.5 ppm at low latitudes and less than 1 ppm at middle and high latitudes. From a comparison made during flights between Tokyo and Sydney, the averages of the TIR upper-atmospheric CO2 data were within 0.1 % of the averages of the CONTRAIL CME CO2 data with and without TIR CO2 averaging kernels for all seasons in the Southern Hemisphere. The results of comparisons for all of the eight airline routes showed that the agreements of TIR and CME CO2 data were worse in spring and summer than in fall and winter in the Northern Hemisphere in the upper troposphere. While the differences between TIR and CME CO2 data were on average within 1 ppm in fall and winter, TIR CO2 data had a negative bias up to 2.4 ppm against CME CO2 data with TIR CO2 averaging kernels at the northern low and middle latitudes in spring and summer. The negative bias at the northern middle latitudes resulted in the maximum of TIR CO2 concentrations being lower than that of CME CO2 concentrations, which led to an underestimate of the amplitude of CO2 seasonal variation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-2119-2016
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 9
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    Bias assessment of lower and middle tropospheric CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 concentrations of GOSAT/TANSO-FTS TIR version 1 product
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2017
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2017-10-24), p. 3877-3892
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2017-10-24), p. 3877-3892
    Abstract: Abstract. CO2 observations in the free troposphere can be useful for constraining CO2 source and sink estimates at the surface since they represent CO2 concentrations away from point source emissions. The thermal infrared (TIR) band of the Thermal and Near Infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation (TANSO) Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) on board the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) has been observing global CO2 concentrations in the free troposphere for about 8 years and thus could provide a dataset with which to evaluate the vertical transport of CO2 from the surface to the upper atmosphere. This study evaluated biases in the TIR version 1 (V1) CO2 product in the lower troposphere (LT) and the middle troposphere (MT) (736–287 hPa), on the basis of comparisons with CO2 profiles obtained over airports using Continuous CO2 Measuring Equipment (CME) in the Comprehensive Observation Network for Trace gases by AIrLiner (CONTRAIL) project. Bias-correction values are presented for TIR CO2 data for each pressure layer in the LT and MT regions during each season and in each latitude band: 40–20° S, 20° S–20° N, 20–40° N, and 40–60° N. TIR V1 CO2 data had consistent negative biases of 1–1.5 % compared with CME CO2 data in the LT and MT regions, with the largest negative biases at 541–398 hPa, partly due to the use of 10 µm CO2 absorption band in conjunction with 15 and 9 µm absorption bands in the V1 retrieval algorithm. Global comparisons between TIR CO2 data to which the bias-correction values were applied and CO2 data simulated by a transport model based on the Nonhydrostatic ICosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM-TM) confirmed the validity of the bias-correction values evaluated over airports in limited areas. In low latitudes in the upper MT region (398–287 hPa), however, TIR CO2 data in northern summer were overcorrected by these bias-correction values; this is because the bias-correction values were determined using comparisons mainly over airports in Southeast Asia, where CO2 concentrations in the upper atmosphere display relatively large variations due to strong updrafts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-10-3877-2017
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2505596-3
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  • 10
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    Impact of Urban Growth on Air Quality in Indian Cities Using Hierarchical Bayesian Approach
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2019-09-03), p. 517-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2019-09-03), p. 517-
    Abstract: Several studies have found rising ambient particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) concentrations in urban areas across developing countries. For setting mitigation policies source-contribution is needed, which is calculated mostly through computationally intensive chemical transport models or manpower intensive source apportionment studies. Data based approach that use remote sensing datasets can help reduce this challenge, specially in developing countries which lack spatially and temporally dense air quality monitoring networks. Our objective was identifying relative contribution of urban emission sources to monthly PM 2.5 ambient concentrations and assessing whether urban expansion can explain rise of PM 2.5 ambient concentration from 2001 to 2015 in 15 Indian cities. We adapted the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) emission framework in a land use regression (LUR) model to estimate concentrations by statistically modeling the impact of urban growth on aerosol concentrations with the help of remote sensing datasets. Contribution to concentration from six key sources (residential, industrial, commercial, crop fires, brick kiln and vehicles) was estimated by inverse distance weighting of their emissions in the land-use regression model. A hierarchical Bayesian approach was used to account for the random effects due to the heterogeneous emitting sources in the 15 cities. Long-term ambient PM 2.5 concentration from 2001 to 2015, was represented by a indicator R (varying from 0 to 100), decomposed from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) derived AOD (aerosol optical depth) and angstrom exponent datasets. The model was trained on annual-level spatial land-use distribution and technological advancement data and the monthly-level emission activity of 2001 and 2011 over each location to predict monthly R. The results suggest that above the central portion of a city, concentration due to primary PM 2.5 emission is contributed mostly by residential areas (35.0 ± 11.9%), brick kilns (11.7 ± 5.2%) and industries (4.2 ± 2.8%). The model performed moderately for most cities (median correlation for out of time validation was 0.52), especially when assumed changes in seasonal emissions for each source reflected actual seasonal changes in emissions. The results suggest the need for policies focusing on emissions from residential regions and brick kilns. The relative order of the contributions estimated by this study is consistent with other recent studies and a contribution of up to 42.8 ± 14.1% is attributed to the formation of secondary aerosol, long-range transport and unaccounted sources in surrounding regions. The strength of this approach is to be able to estimate the contribution of urban growth to primary aerosols statistically with a relatively low computation cost compared to the more accurate but computationally expensive chemical transport based models. This remote sensing based approach is especially useful in locations without emission inventory.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos10090517
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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