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  • 1
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    Multicentre prospective cohort study of body mass index and postoperative complications following gastrointestinal surgery
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2016
    In:  British Journal of Surgery Vol. 103, No. 9 ( 2016-07-18), p. 1157-1172
    Details
    In: British Journal of Surgery, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 103, No. 9 ( 2016-07-18), p. 1157-1172
    Abstract: There is currently conflicting evidence surrounding the effects of obesity on postoperative outcomes. Previous studies have found obesity to be associated with adverse events, but others have found no association. The aim of this study was to determine whether increasing body mass index (BMI) is an independent risk factor for development of major postoperative complications. Methods This was a multicentre prospective cohort study across the UK and Republic of Ireland. Consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal surgery over a 4-month interval (October–December 2014) were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome was the 30-day major complication rate (Clavien–Dindo grade III–V). BMI was grouped according to the World Health Organization classification. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to adjust for patient, operative and hospital-level effects, creating odds ratios (ORs) and 95 per cent confidence intervals (c.i.). Results Of 7965 patients, 2545 (32·0 per cent) were of normal weight, 2673 (33·6 per cent) were overweight and 2747 (34·5 per cent) were obese. Overall, 4925 (61·8 per cent) underwent elective and 3038 (38·1 per cent) emergency operations. The 30-day major complication rate was 11·4 per cent (908 of 7965). In adjusted models, a significant interaction was found between BMI and diagnosis, with an association seen between BMI and major complications for patients with malignancy (overweight: OR 1·59, 95 per cent c.i. 1·12 to 2·29, P = 0·008; obese: OR 1·91, 1·31 to 2·83, P = 0·002; compared with normal weight) but not benign disease (overweight: OR 0·89, 0·71 to 1·12, P = 0·329; obese: OR 0·84, 0·66 to 1·06, P = 0·147). Conclusion Overweight and obese patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal malignancy are at increased risk of major postoperative complications compared with those of normal weight.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1323 , 1365-2168
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10203
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006309-X
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  • 2
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    Nanocellulose-Based Passivated-Carbon Quantum Dots (P-CQDs) for Antimicrobial Applications: A Practical Review
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Polymers Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2023-06-12), p. 2660-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2023-06-12), p. 2660-
    Abstract: Passivated-carbon quantum dots (P-CQDs) have been attracting great interest as an antimicrobial therapy tool due to their bright fluorescence, lack of toxicity, eco-friendly nature, simple synthetic schemes, and possession of photocatalytic functions comparable to those present in traditional nanometric semiconductors. Besides synthetic precursors, CQDs can be synthesized from a plethora of natural resources including microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). Converting MCC into NCC is performed chemically via the top-down route, while synthesizing CODs from NCC can be performed via the bottom-up route. Due to the good surface charge status with the NCC precursor, we focused in this review on synthesizing CQDs from nanocelluloses (MCC and NCC) since they could become a potential source for fabricating carbon quantum dots that are affected by pyrolysis temperature. There are several P-CQDs synthesized with a wide spectrum of featured properties, namely functionalized carbon quantum dots (F-CQDs) and passivated carbon quantum dots (P-CQDs). There are two different important P-CQDs, namely 2,2′-ethylenedioxy-bis-ethylamine (EDA-CQDs) and 3-ethoxypropylamine (EPA-CQDs), that have achieved desirable results in the antiviral therapy field. Since NoV is the most common dangerous cause of nonbacterial, acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide, this review deals with NoV in detail. The surficial charge status (SCS) of the P-CQDs plays an important role in their interactions with NoVs. The EDA-CQDs were found to be more effective than EPA-CQDs in inhibiting the NoV binding. This difference may be attributed to their SCS as well as the virus surface. EDA-CQDs with surficial terminal amino (-NH2) groups are positively charged at physiological pH (-NH3+), whereas EPA-CQDs with surficial terminal methyl groups (-CH3) are not charged. Since the NoV particles are negatively charged, they are attracted to the positively charged EDA-CQDs, resulting in enhancing the P-CQDs concentration around the virus particles. The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were found to be comparable to the P-CQDs in the non-specific binding with NoV capsid proteins, through complementary charges, π-π stacking, and/or hydrophobic interactions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym15122660
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 3
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    Biocontrol Potential of Endophytic Fungi for the Eco-Friendly Management of Root Rot of Cuminum cyminum Caused by Fusarium solani
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-10-24), p. 2612-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-10-24), p. 2612-
    Abstract: Root rot disease of Cuminum cyminum caused by Fusarium solani is one of the most destructive diseases threatening cumin production. The present study investigates the biocontrol potential of some endophytes against F. solani and their effect on the induction of defense-related enzymes in a greenhouse. The results herein presented illustrate the strong biocontrol potential of three (out of twelve) endophytes. During the in vitro assay, three isolates demonstrated strong mycelial growth inhibition of F. solani: isolates 3, 4, and 9, with 87%, 65%, and 80% reductions, respectively, with respect to the control (100%). These isolates were identified as Trichoderma harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, and Chaetomium globosum, which produce siderophore and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Cumin seed priming with the culture filtrates of T. harzianum, C. globosum, and T. longibrachiatum positively affected the seed germination, as a higher germination (%) of culture filtrate-treated seeds was observed followed by infected and healthy control/untreated seeds. In the greenhouse, the application of T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, and C. globosum caused a reduction in disease severity (67.7%, 58.1%, and 59.3%, respectively) on cumin plants, with a lower disease severity (20%, 26%, and 25%, respectively) recorded in treated plants compared to the infected control (62%). Furthermore, a significant increase in defense-related enzymes in culture filtrate-treated cumin plants was recorded. Higher peroxidase (PO), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, and a higher content of phenolic compounds, were found in culture filtrate-treated plants. These results indicate that the culture filtrates of these bioagents not only increased seed germination, but also protected the plants from F. solani infection by acting as important elements of the cellular antioxidant system in plants upon infection, conferring the biocontrol potential of C. globosum and Trichoderma species toward mitigating the root rot disease of cumin plants in a greenhouse.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12112612
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 4
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    Management of Cumin Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum Using Native Endophytic Bacteria
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-10-14), p. 2510-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-10-14), p. 2510-
    Abstract: Eleven endophytic bacteria were isolated from the roots of cumin, a medicinal plant grown in Assiut Province, Egypt. The strains KAU2025 and KAU2022 exhibited the highest inhibition rate against Fusarium oxysporum (FOC7) (64%) in dual culture test and were selected for further studies. KAU2022 and KAU2025 were identified as Brevibacillus parabrevis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, respectively, based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The isolates increased the seed germination of cumin by 46.6% compared to that in the control infected with the pathogen F. oxysporum (FOC7). Additionally, the biocontrol efficacy of B. parabrevis against Fusarium wilt in cumin was determined as 67.4% in pot experiments, and both the bioagents increased the fresh and dry weight of the cumin plant compared to the infected control. After a 24 h treatment, the peroxidase levels in the cumin plants were higher in the P. fluorescens and B. parabrevis-treated groups, and the level of polyphenol oxidase increased in both treatments compared to the infected control. The treatment of cumin with both strains increased the total phenol and flavonoid contents in the treated plants. In summary, B. parabrevis and P. fluorescens are promising agents for the biocontrol of Fusarium wilt in cumin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12102510
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 5
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    Azadirachta indica A. Juss Fruit Mesocarp and Epicarp Extracts Induce Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Effects against Prostate (PC-3), Breast (MCF-7), and Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) Cancer Cell Lines through Upregulation of Proapoptotic Genes
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 15 ( 2022-07-30), p. 1990-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 15 ( 2022-07-30), p. 1990-
    Abstract: Effective alternative strategies and methodological approaches are critically necessary for cancer prevention and therapy. In this study, we investigated the antitumor potential of neem fruit mesocarp and epicarp extracts. The chemical composition of the derived extracts was characterized using GC–MS. Data were collected on the antimicrobial activity of the extracts in addition to the cytotoxicity effect evaluated against PC-3, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cancer cell lines, compared with the normal Vero cells. Cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and expression of apoptosis-related genes were assessed on PC-3 cells. Both extracts had significant antiproliferative effects on all tested cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, with the mesocarp extract being more potent. Both extracts also showed high antibacterial and antifungal activities. These results were related to the chemical constituents of the extracts identified by the GC–MS analysis. The extract of neem fruit mesocarp caused cell-cycle arrest at G2/M phase of PC-3 cells. The cytotoxicity of neem mesocarp extract is strongly correlated with the induction of apoptosis, where it caused downregulation of the antiapoptotic BCL2 gene but upregulation of the proapoptotic P53 and BAX genes. This study showed that neem fruit extract is potential anticancer material in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11151990
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 6
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    Impact of chitosan nanoparticles edible coating on shelf‐life extension and postharvest quality of coriander herb
    Hindawi Limited ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Food Processing and Preservation Vol. 46, No. 2 ( 2022-02)
    Details
    In: Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 46, No. 2 ( 2022-02)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0145-8892 , 1745-4549
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.v46.2
    DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16238
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175273-4
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  • 7
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    Shrimp-Waste-Derived Biochar Induces Metal Toxicity Tolerance of Wastewater-Irrigated Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-10-22), p. 1748-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-10-22), p. 1748-
    Abstract: The scarcity of high-quality water resources may lead to the use of lower quality water for plant production. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) plants have great potential for human nutrition, but poor water quality, such as metal contamination in wastewater, affects the seed quality. This study aims to investigate the effects of shrimp-waste-derived biochar (SWB) on the uptake of toxic metals from wastewater by quinoa plants. Additionally, the study investigates how quinoa plants’ antioxidant defenses respond to wastewater and SWB treatments. Shrimp-waste-derived biochar (SWB) was prepared by pyrolysis at 350 °C for 3 h and added to the soil at the levels of 0, 1, and 2% (based on soil weight), which are namely C, SWB1, and SWB2, respectively. SWB was applied to quinoa plants cultivated in pots filled with sandy soil and irrigated with fresh or wastewater for a continuous 90 days. The wastewater was contaminated with manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb). Quinoa seeds that were irrigated with wastewater had Cd and Pb concentrations that were above the allowable levels (for human consumption) in the absence of biochar (C) or addition of SWB1. Wastewater significantly reduced quinoa growth and photosynthetic pigments, while SWB significantly mitigated the metal toxicity and improved growth. SWB2 significantly reduced the Pb and Cd concentrations in quinoa leaves by 29 and 30% compared with C. The Cd and Pb concentrations in quinoa seeds were safe for human consumption and below the maximum allowable limits when the soil was amended with SWB2. SWB improved the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase and ascorbate peroxidase. SWB reduced the toxic metal availability and uptake, mitigated the oxidative stress, and minimized the levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The SWB addition stimulated quinoa’s antioxidant defense and protected plant cells by eliminating reactive oxygen species. The addition of 2% (w/w) shrimp waste biochar improved the quality of quinoa seeds irrigated with wastewater and decreased their toxic metal content. The obtained results contribute to sustainable development and the exploitation of wastewater to irrigate quinoa plants in arid degraded soil; additionally, it also helps in the recycling of shrimp waste.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12111748
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651678-0
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  • 8
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    Effectiveness of Bacillus cereus in controlling potato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum: greenhouse and field studies with insights into resistance-related enzymes in potatoes
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection
    Details
    In: Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1861-3829 , 1861-3837
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s41348-023-00810-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2224048-2
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
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  • 9
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    Efficacy of Azadirachta indica and Punica granatum Extracts in the Control of Cuminum cyminum Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 22 ( 2022-11-16), p. 15233-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 22 ( 2022-11-16), p. 15233-
    Abstract: Punica granatum and Azadirachta indica are plants rich in phytochemicals, which directly contribute to antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to test A. indica and P. granatum against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini (Foc), the causal pathogen of Fusarium wilt in cumin plants, in vivo and in vitro. After screening different concentrations of both plants, three concentrations (250, 500, and 1000 µg·mL−1) of P. granatum and A. indica were selected to study their effectiveness against Fusarium wilt in cumin plants. The in vitro study showed that both extracts have the ability to reduce mycelium growth of the pathogen with different degrees of efficacy, but less than the positive control. Under greenhouse conditions, all treatments of cumin plants significantly reduced Fusarium wilt compared to the infected control. The most effective concentration for P. granatum was 1000 µg·mL−1. The use of both extracts significantly increased the fresh and dry weight of cumin plants (g plant−1) compared to infected plants. Total phenols and flavonoids increased in inoculated cumin plants after treatment with both extracts. The results revealed that both extracts are rich in phytochemicals and possess potent in vitro antioxidant activity. Both are rich in carbohydrates, saponins, amino acids, proteins, alkaloids, and terpenoids. In conclusion, the application of methanolic extracts of P. granatum and A. indica can provide an alternative to chemical fungicides to mitigate the Fusarium wilt of cumin and, therefore, future studies should focus on the study of both extracts on different pathogens, as well their ability to reduce disease under field conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su142215233
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 10
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    Impact of Biomass Moisture Content on the Physical Properties of Briquettes Produced from Recycled Ficus nitida Pruning Residuals
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2023-07-31), p. 11762-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2023-07-31), p. 11762-
    Abstract: Despite its vital importance for life and societal development, energy is a source of conflict and war in many places worldwide. It is also a source of pollution and harmful natural phenomena that affect human life and the environment. These factors have led scientists to consider alternative clean, cheap, and eco-friendly renewable energies. Examples include briquettes consisting of compressed agricultural waste, such as pruning residuals. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of briquettes derived from the pruning residuals of Ficus nitida trees. The results indicate that moisture content was the main factor affecting the physical properties of the produced briquettes. The ideal moisture content for producing high-quality briquettes was 8%. With this moisture content, the briquette durability was 96.9%, the bulk density was approximately 0.18 g·cm3, the compressive strength was 18.5 MPa, and its calorific value was 3250.7 Kcal/kg (17.38 MJ/kg). In conclusion, our research confirms the high quality of briquettes made from the pruning residuals of F. nitida and their promising potential as an energy source.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su151511762
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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