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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Detection of the organophosphorus nerve agent VX and its hydrolysis products in white mustard plants grown in contaminated soil
    Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) ; 2013
    In:  Anal. Methods Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2013), p. 50-53
    Details
    In: Anal. Methods, Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2013), p. 50-53
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1759-9660 , 1759-9679
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1039/C2AY25883H
    Language: English
    Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2515210-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Painful chemistry! From barbecue smoke to riot control
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2017
    In:  Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol. 89, No. 2 ( 2017-2-1), p. 231-248
    Details
    In: Pure and Applied Chemistry, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 89, No. 2 ( 2017-2-1), p. 231-248
    Abstract: Pain! Most humans feel it throughout their lives. The molecular mechanisms underlying the phenomenon are still poorly understood. This is especially true of pain triggered in response to molecules of a certain shape and reactivity present in the environment. Such molecules can interact with the sensory nerve endings of the eyes, nose, throat and lungs to cause irritation that can range from mild to severe. The ability to alert to the presence of such potentially harmful substances has been termed the ‘common chemical sense’ and is thought to be distinct from the senses of smell or taste, which are presumed to have evolved later. Barbecue a burger excessively and you self-experiment. Fatty acids present in the meat break off their glycerol anchor under the thermal stress. The glycerol loses two molecules of water and forms acrolein, whose assault on the eyes is partly responsible for the tears elicited by smoke. Yet the smell and taste of the burger are different experiences. It was this eye-watering character of acrolein that prompted its use as a warfare agent during World War I. It was one of several ‘lachrymators’ deployed to harass, and the forerunner of safer chemicals, such as ‘tear gas’ CS, developed for riot control. The history of development and mechanism of action of some sensory irritants is discussed here in relation to recent advice from the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) on chemicals that conform to the definition of a riot control agent (RCA) under the Chemical Weapons Convention.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1365-3075 , 0033-4545
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-0911
    RVK:
    VA 6665
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2022101-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evidence of VX nerve agent use from contaminated white mustard plants
    The Royal Society ; 2014
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 470, No. 2168 ( 2014-08-08), p. 20140076-
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 470, No. 2168 ( 2014-08-08), p. 20140076-
    Abstract: The Chemical Weapons Convention prohibits the development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, retention, transfer or use of chemical weapons by Member States. Verification of compliance and investigations into allegations of use require accurate detection of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and their degradation products. Detection of CWAs such as organophosphorus nerve agents in the environment relies mainly upon the analysis of soil. We now present a method for the detection of the nerve agent VX and its hydrolysis products by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry of ethanol extracts of contaminated white mustard plants ( Sinapis alba ) which retained the compounds of interest for up to 45 days. VX is hydrolysed by the plants to ethyl methylphosphonic acid and then to methylphosphonic acid. The utility of white mustard as a nerve agent detector and remediator of nerve agent-polluted sites is discussed. The work described will help deter the employment of VX in conflict.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-5021 , 1471-2946
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2014.0076
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209241-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460987-3
    SSG: 11
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