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  • 1
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    Monocyte-to-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio Together With the Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio in Predicting the Malignancy of the Thyroid Nodule in Patients Complicated With Type 2 Diabetes
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology Vol. 17 ( 2023-01)
    Details
    In: Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 17 ( 2023-01)
    Abstract: Thyroid nodules, although mostly benign and symptomless, have a small chance of being cancerous, necessitating accurate diagnosis. This study aims to develop and validate a nomogram for differentiating malignant and non-malignant thyroid nodules in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The study included 484 patients with both thyroid nodules and type 2 diabetes who underwent thyroid gland lobectomy at Wenzhou Medical University Hospital. Optimal cutoff values for continuous variables were determined using ROC curve analysis. Significant factors identified in univariable analysis were used to construct the nomogram. The monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) was visualized through a histogram and scatter diagram. Discriminatory power was assessed using ROC analysis, and calibration curves ensured consistency. Decision curve analysis (DCA) evaluated clinical benefits. Results: The cohort was divided into a training group (70%) and an internal validation group (30%). The scatter diagram revealed a correlation between MHR levels and the proportion of goiter cases, with higher MHR levels associated with increased goiter incidence. The histogram showed higher average MHR levels in goiter patients compared to those with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in both groups. Multivariate logistic regression identified age, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), fasting blood sugar (FSG), fibrinogen, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and MHR as independent predictive factors for malignancy in thyroid nodules with type 2 diabetes. The nomogram achieved high discrimination, with C-index values of 0.901 (training data set) and 0.760 (internal validation data set). Calibration curves displayed good agreement, and DCA demonstrated significant net clinical benefits. Conclusions: MHR is associated with sex, serum cholesterol levels, and peripheral blood cell counts, making it a potential novel biomarker for differentiating between PTC and goiter in type 2 diabetes patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1179-5549 , 1179-5549
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/11795549231199920
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2577877-8
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  • 2
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    Serine Protease 27, a Prognostic Biomarker in Pan-cancer and Associated with the Aggressive Progression of Breast Cancer
    Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. ; 2023
    In:  Current Medicinal Chemistry Vol. 30 ( 2023-03-24)
    Details
    In: Current Medicinal Chemistry, Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., Vol. 30 ( 2023-03-24)
    Abstract: To create effective medicines, researchers must first identify the common or unique genes that drive oncogenic processes in human cancers. Serine protease 27 (PRSS27) has been recently defined as a possible driver gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, no thorough pan-cancer study has been performed to date, including breast cancer. Methods: Using the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) dataset, and multiple bioinformatic tools, we investigated the function of PRSS27 in 33 tumor types. In addition, prognosis analysis of PRSS27 in breast cancer was carried out, as well as in vitro experiments to verify its role as an oncogene. We first explored the expression of PRSS27 in over 10 tumors and then we looked into PRSS27 genomic mutations. Results: We discovered that PRSS27 has prognostic significance in breast cancer and other cancers' survival, and we developed a breast cancer prognostic prediction model by combining a defined set of clinical factors. Besides, we confirmed PRSS27 as an oncogene in breast cancer using some primary in vitro experiments. Conclusion: Our pan-cancer survey has comprehensively reviewed the oncogenic function of PRSS27 in various human malignancies, suggesting that it may be a promising prognostic biomarker and tumor therapeutic target in breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0929-8673
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230324161329
    Language: English
    Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2023
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
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    BRCA1 / BRCA2 mutation spectrum analysis in South Asia: a systematic review
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Journal of International Medical Research Vol. 50, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 030006052110707-
    Details
    In: Journal of International Medical Research, SAGE Publications, Vol. 50, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 030006052110707-
    Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common form of cancer among Asian females. Mutations in the BRCA1/ BRCA2 genes are often observed in BC cases and largely increase the lifetime risk of having BC. Because of the paucity of high-quality data on the molecular spectrum of BRCA mutations in South Asian populations, we aimed to explore these mutations among South Asian countries. Methods A systematic literature search was performed for the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation spectrum using electronic databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Twenty studies were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results The 185delAG (c.68_69del) mutation in exon 2 of BRCA1 was the most common recurrent mutation and founder mutation found. Various intronic variants, variants of unknown significance, large genomic rearrangements, and polymorphisms were also described in some studies. Conclusions The South Asian population has a wide variety of genetic mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 that differ according to countries and ethnicities. A stronger knowledge of various population-specific mutations in these cancer susceptibility genes can help provide efficient strategies for genetic testing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0300-0605 , 1473-2300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03000605211070757
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2082422-1
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  • 4
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    Palliative Toilet Mastectomy for Advanced Breast Cancer in a University Hospital of Nepal
    Institute of Medicine, Nepal ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2020-04-30), p. 71-
    Details
    In: Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal, Institute of Medicine, Nepal, Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2020-04-30), p. 71-
    Abstract: Introduction In Nepal, half of the breast cancer patients presented in advanced stage III (IIIA 18%, IIIB 22%), and stage IV (10%). Delayed presentations are due to lack of awareness, reluctancy and poor accessibility to health care services often leads to local complications like sloughing of fungating breast lesions, secondary infection and bleeding. The aim of this study was to analyze the advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients who underwent palliative toilet mastectomy. MethodsRetrospective review of all patients presenting with ABC who underwent palliative toilet mastectomy in the breast unit of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital Kathmandu, Nepal from January 2016 to December 2018, was done. The data included were demographic profile, histopathological and immunohistochemistry report, indication of surgery, adjuvant therapy, timing of surgery, and quality of life after surgery. ResultsTotal number of breast carcinoma patients was 155 within the duration of 3 years. There were 7 (4.5%) cases of breast cancer treated with palliative toilet mastectomy with mean age of 57.9±12.7 years. The mean tumor size was 4.3±1.3cm. The indications of palliative mastectomy were fungation-2 (28.5%), bleeding-2 (28.5%), ulceration-1 (14.3%), malodorous discharge with secondary infection-1 (14.3%) and hemiplegic patient with infection in 1 (14.3%). Luminal A molecular subtype was seen in 1 out of 7 patients (14.3%) with basal like subtype in 6 out of 7 patients (85.7%). Lympho-vascular invasion were seen in 4 out of 7 (57.14%). One patient underwent bilateral palliative mastectomy for progressive disease and margins were positive for tumor and remaining six patients had tumor free margins. ConclusionAdvanced breast cancers are treated with neoadjuvant therapy prior surgery but the delayed presentation of these with fungating, ulcerative, infective and bleeding lesions make the initial palliative toilet mastectomy a useful option.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1993-2987 , 1993-2979
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/jiom.v42i1.37447
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Medicine, Nepal
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2481677-2
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  • 5
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    Age of Individuals Undergoing Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Surgeries in Nepal
    Journal of Nepal Medical Association (JNMA) ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Nepal Medical Association Vol. 52, No. 192 ( 2013-12-31)
    Details
    In: Journal of Nepal Medical Association, Journal of Nepal Medical Association (JNMA), Vol. 52, No. 192 ( 2013-12-31)
    Abstract: Introduction: Timely repair of cleft lip and palate maximises the benefits of surgery. Developing countries have large number of adults with unrepaired clefts. The impact of a cleft program can be determined by observing the trends of lower age at surgery. Public Health Concern Trust, Nepal has been providing a comprehensive nationwide cleft service since 1999. This study was conducted to see any change in the age at surgery. Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted to analyse the data of all the individuals’ age at primary cleft surgery from July 1999 to June 2010. Mean and median age of individuals as well as the proportion of individuals operated on at the right age in different years were calculated and compared. Results: The median age for cleft lip surgery decreased from 100 to 24 months. Similarly the median age for cleft palate surgery decreased from 70 to 28 months. Proportion of surgeries carried out in the recommended age also increased. A change in the policy of the program reaching out to more remote areas and removing the age barrier for surgery resulted in older adults receiving surgery and increased median age especially for cleft palate repairs. Conclusions: A nationwide cleft program for a decade had a small impact on age at surgery. There are still many individuals who are missing the ideal age for surgery. The program needs to reach more remote areas. This information will be useful for governmental as well as non-governmental organizations working in the area of clefts. Keywords: age; cleft lip; cleft palate; Nepal.    
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1815-672X , 0028-2715
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.31729/jnma.2432
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Journal of Nepal Medical Association (JNMA)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2209910-4
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  • 6
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    Aberrant expression of WDR4 affects the clinical significance of cancer immunity in pan-cancer
    Impact Journals, LLC ; 2021
    In:  Aging Vol. 13, No. 14 ( 2021-07-31), p. 18360-18375
    Details
    In: Aging, Impact Journals, LLC, Vol. 13, No. 14 ( 2021-07-31), p. 18360-18375
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1945-4589
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18632/aging.v13i14
    DOI: 10.18632/aging.203284
    Language: English
    Publisher: Impact Journals, LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2535337-8
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  • 7
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    Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 might be a poor prognosis biomarker promoting the progression of papillary thyroid cancer
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Environmental Toxicology Vol. 38, No. 9 ( 2023-09), p. 2047-2056
    Details
    In: Environmental Toxicology, Wiley, Vol. 38, No. 9 ( 2023-09), p. 2047-2056
    Abstract: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is one of the most widespread malignant tumors of the endocrine system, with a high incidence. Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 ( BUB1 ), one of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) genes, is a multitask protein kinase required for eukaryotic chromosome segregation. Although BUB1 has been explored in several types of cancer, its biological role and molecular mechanisms in PTC remain unclear. Methods In this study, we performed an examination of four public datasets along with local PTC cohorts and discovered that BUB1 was elevated in PTC compared to non‐cancer tissues. High BUB1 expression was linked with the status of BRAF V600E , RAS, and TERT after statistical analysis. Results Clinically, BUB1 is associated with a variety of clinicopathological features in PTC patients. Interestingly, analysis of the TCGA database showed that BUB1 was closely associated with poor prognosis of PTC and significantly correlated with PFS. As determined by regression analysis, BUB1, and T stage were independent predictors of PTC and were related to BRAF V600E and lymph node metastatic status. By RT‐qPCR, BUB1 was considerably overexpressed in PTC cell lines in comparison with normal thyroid epithelial cells. Conclusion We confirmed that the knockdown of BUB1 in BCPAP and TPC1 cell lines significantly inhibited cell proliferation, cloning, and migration in vitro experiments. These results imply that BUB1 may be a significant oncogenic gene that is directly associated with the prognosis of PTC and may represent a future target for therapeutic intervention.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-4081 , 1522-7278
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/tox.v38.9
    DOI: 10.1002/tox.23812
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027534-1
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  • 8
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    The pan‐cancer analysis of the oncogenic role of FAM72A as a BRCA prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Environmental Toxicology Vol. 38, No. 5 ( 2023-05), p. 1100-1117
    Details
    In: Environmental Toxicology, Wiley, Vol. 38, No. 5 ( 2023-05), p. 1100-1117
    Abstract: In this study, we first comprehensively investigated the expression profile, mutation status, and survival analysis of FAM72A as well as the correlation between FAM72A and DNA damage repair, methylation, and cell stemness analysis using bioinformatics techniques. In addition, we also analyzed the relationship between FAM72A and immune cell infiltration and pathway enrichment. The role of FAM72A in breast cancer (BC) was so conspicuous that we analyzed the prognostic significance and clinicopathological parameter's relevance of FAM72A in BC. We also validated biological functions by applying in vitro experiments. FAM72A was highly expressed in 26 types of a total of 31 cancers, while it expressed low levels in only five cancers. FAM72A expression was relative to clinical stages in nine cancers and has a significant difference in disease‐free survival among 31 kinds of cancers. In addition, FAM72A has negatively correlated with cancer‐associated fibroblast and endothelial cells in BC but positively correlated with follicular helper T cells. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses identified T, N, M, age, and FAM72A expression as independent influences on BC prognosis, so we created a nomogram to predict patient survival benefits. In in vitro experiments, we verified that downregulation of FAM72A not only inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, cell invasion, and G2/M cell cycle transition but also promoted apoptosis of breast invasive carcinoma cells. Our study discovered FAM72A as a clinically meaningful biomarker for prognostic predicting and a guiding target for immune treatment in BC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-4081 , 1522-7278
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/tox.v38.5
    DOI: 10.1002/tox.23751
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027534-1
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  • 9
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    Factors associated with breast cancer screening intention in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2021
    In:  PLOS ONE Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2021-1-22), p. e0245856-
    Details
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2021-1-22), p. e0245856-
    Abstract: Breast cancer burden is increasing in low-income countries (LICs). Increasing incidence and delayed presentation of breast cancer are mainly responsible for this burden. Many women do not participate in breast cancer screening despite its effectiveness. Moreover, studies are limited on the barriers associated with low utilization of breast cancer screening in LICs. This study identified breast cancer screening behavior and factors associated with breast cancer screening intention among women in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 women living in five municipalities of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Data were collected from July to September 2018, using a structured questionnaire. Interviews were conducted among women selected through proportionate random household sampling. This study was conceptualized using the theory of planned behavior, fatalism, perceived susceptibility, and perceived severity. The outcome variables included: the intention to have mammography (MMG) biennially, the intention to have clinical breast examination (CBE) annually, and the intention to perform breast self-examination (BSE) monthly. Analysis was conducted separately for each outcome variable using partial proportional odds model. Results Out of 500 women, 3.4% had undergone MMG biennially, 7.2% CBE annually, and 14.4% BSE monthly. Women with a positive attitude, high subjective norms, and high perceived behavioral control were more likely to have the intention to undergo all three screening methods. Similarly, women were more likely to have intention to undergo CBE and MMG when they perceived themselves susceptible to breast cancer. Conversely, women were less likely to have intention to undergo CBE when they had high fatalistic beliefs towards breast cancer. Conclusion Women in this study had poor screening behavior. The practice of breast self-examination was comparatively higher than clinical breast examination and mammography. Multidimensional culturally sensitive interventions are needed to enhance screening intentions. Efforts should be directed to improve attitude, family support, and fatalistic belief towards cancer. Furthermore, the proper availability of screening methods should be ensured while encouraging women to screen before the appearance of symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
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    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245856
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3
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  • 10
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    Prevalence of Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer in a University Hospital of Nepal
    Institute of Medicine, Nepal ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2020-04-30), p. 75-
    Details
    In: Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal, Institute of Medicine, Nepal, Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2020-04-30), p. 75-
    Abstract: Introduction Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in Nepalese women. It represents a group of heterogenous disease with diverse biologic, clinical and molecular characteristics requiring personalized treatment. Based on Immunohistochemical markers, breast cancer is classified into distinct molecular subtypes. The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence of molecular subtypes of all breast cancer patients treated at University Hospital of Nepal in the period over 3 years. MethodsA retrospective observational study was carried out in Breast Unit of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. Electronic medical records of all breast cancer patients treated between January 2017 to December 2019 were retrieved from the hospital database. Patient’s characteristic, histological features and molecular subtypes were collected and analyzed. ResultsA total of 156 surgically treated breast carcinoma patients were studied. The median age of study population was 55 years (range 28–82years). Among these, 69 (44%) were of ≤45 years and 87 (56%) were over 45 years. The mean tumor size was 29 mm (range 50-140 mm). The most common histology was invasive ductal carcinoma (93.5%). Luminal type A was positive in 68 (43%) patients while luminal type B was present in 12 (7.6%) patients. Triple negative subtype was observed in 50 (32%) patients while HER2 rich subtype was seen in 25(16%). Incidence of Triple negative subtype was highest in patients less than 45 years (42%). Luminal A subtype was correlated with low tumor grade and less positive lymph nodes metastasis. ConclusionThe most common molecular subtype of breast cancer in Nepal is Luminal A having favorable features. The incidence of triple negative breast cancer is higher in Nepal, having an aggressive and clinically distinct subtype and is important for personalized treatment plan.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1993-2987 , 1993-2979
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/jiom.v42i1.37453
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Medicine, Nepal
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2481677-2
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