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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sustained release of decorin to the surface of the eye enables scarless corneal regeneration
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  npj Regenerative Medicine Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2018-12-21)
    Details
    In: npj Regenerative Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 3, No. 1 ( 2018-12-21)
    Abstract: Disorganization of the transparent collagenous matrix in the cornea, as a consequence of a variety of infections and inflammatory conditions, leads to corneal opacity and sight-loss. Such corneal opacities are a leading cause of blindness, according to the WHO. Public health programs target prevention of corneal scarring, but the only curative treatment of established scarring is through transplantation. Although attempts to minimize corneal scarring through aggressive control of infection and inflammation are made, there has been little progress in the development of anti-scarring therapies. This is owing to eye drop formulations using low viscosity or weak gelling materials having short retention times on the ocular surface. In this study, we report an innovative eye drop formulation that has the ability to provide sustained delivery of decorin, an anti-scarring agent. The novelty of this eye drop lies in the method of structuring during manufacture, which creates a material that can transition between solid and liquid states, allowing retention in a dynamic environment being slowly removed through blinking. In a murine model of Pseudomonas keratitis , applying the eye drop resulted in reductions of corneal opacity within 16 days. More remarkably, the addition of hrDecorin resulted in restoration of corneal epithelial integrity with minimal stromal opacity endorsed by reduced α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), fibronectin, and laminin levels. We believe that this drug delivery system is an ideal non-invasive anti-fibrotic treatment for patients with microbial keratitis, potentially without recourse to surgery, saving the sight of many in the developing world, where corneal transplantation may not be available.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2057-3995
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41536-018-0061-4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2879698-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structuring of Hydrogels across Multiple Length Scales for Biomedical Applications
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Advanced Materials Vol. 30, No. 14 ( 2018-04)
    Details
    In: Advanced Materials, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 14 ( 2018-04)
    Abstract: The development of new materials for clinical use is limited by an onerous regulatory framework, which means that taking a completely new material into the clinic can make translation economically unfeasible. One way to get around this issue is to structure materials that are already approved by the regulator, such that they exhibit very distinct physical properties and can be used in a broader range of clinical applications. Here, the focus is on the structuring of soft materials at multiple length scales by modifying processing conditions. By applying shear to newly forming materials, it is possible to trigger molecular reorganization of polymer chains, such that they aggregate to form particles and ribbon‐like structures. These structures then weakly interact at zero shear forming a solid‐like material. The resulting self‐healing network is of particular use for a range of different biomedical applications. How these materials are used to allow the delivery of therapeutic entities (cells and proteins) and as a support for additive layer manufacturing of larger‐scale tissue constructs is discussed. This technology enables the development of a range of novel materials and structures for tissue augmentation and regeneration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0935-9648 , 1521-4095
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/adma.v30.14
    DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705013
    RVK:
    UA 1538
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474949-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tapping Culture Collections for Fungal Endophytes: First Genome Assemblies for Three Genera and Five Species in the Ascomycota
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Genome Biology and Evolution Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-03-03)
    Details
    In: Genome Biology and Evolution, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-03-03)
    Abstract: The Ascomycota form the largest phylum in the fungal kingdom and show a wide diversity of lifestyles, some involving associations with plants. Genomic data are available for many ascomycetes that are pathogenic to plants, but endophytes, which are asymptomatic inhabitants of plants, are relatively understudied. Here, using short- and long-read technologies, we have sequenced and assembled genomes for 15 endophytic ascomycete strains from CABI’s culture collections. We used phylogenetic analysis to refine the classification of taxa, which revealed that 7 of our 15 genome assemblies are the first for the genus and/or species. We also demonstrated that cytometric genome size estimates can act as a valuable metric for assessing assembly “completeness”, which can easily be overestimated when using BUSCOs alone and has broader implications for genome assembly initiatives. In producing these new genome resources, we emphasise the value of mining existing culture collections to produce data that can help to address major research questions relating to plant–fungal interactions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1759-6653
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad038
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2495328-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The neuroregenerative effects of topical decorin on the injured mouse cornea
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Neuroinflammation Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Details
    In: Journal of Neuroinflammation, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Abstract: The cornea is innervated with a rich supply of sensory nerves that play important roles in ocular surface health. Any injury or pathology of the corneal nerves increases the risk of dry eye disease and infection. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of topical decorin to improve corneal nerve regeneration in a mouse model of sterile epithelial abrasion injury. Methods Bilateral central corneal epithelial abrasions (2-mm, Alger Brush) were performed on young C57BL/6 J mice to remove the corneal sensory nerves. Decorin, or vehicle, was applied topically, three times per day for 1 week or every 2 h for 6 h. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was performed to measure the abrasion area and corneal thickness. Wholemount immunofluorescence staining was used to assess sensory nerve regeneration (β-tubulin III) and immune cell density (CD45, Iba1, CD11c). To investigate the specific role of dendritic cells (DCs), Cx3cr1 gfp/gfp mice, which spontaneously lack resident corneal epithelial DCs, were also investigated. The effect of prophylactic topical administration of recombinant human decorin (applied prior to the abrasion) was also investigated. Nerve tracing (NeuronJ software) was performed to compare recovery of basal nerve axons and superficial nerve terminals in the central and peripheral cornea. Results At 6 h after injury, topical decorin application was associated with greater intraepithelial DC recruitment but no change in re-epithelialisation or corneal thickness, compared to the vehicle control. One week after injury, sub-basal nerve plexus and superficial nerve terminal density were significantly higher in the central cornea in the decorin-treated eyes. The density of corneal stromal macrophages in the decorin-treated eyes and their contralateral eyes was significantly lower compared to saline-treated corneas. No significant improvement in corneal nerve regeneration was observed in Cx3cr1 gfp/gfp mice treated with decorin. Conclusions Decorin promotes corneal epithelial nerve regeneration after injury. The neuroregenerative effect of topical decorin was associated with a higher corneal DC density during the acute phase, and fewer macrophages at the study endpoint. The corneal neuroregenerative effects of decorin were absent in mice lacking intraepithelial DCs. Together, these findings support a role for decorin in DC-mediated neuroregeneration following corneal abrasion injury.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-2094
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01812-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2156455-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diamagnetic levitation enhances growth of liquid bacterial cultures by increasing oxygen availability
    The Royal Society ; 2011
    In:  Journal of The Royal Society Interface Vol. 8, No. 56 ( 2011-03-06), p. 334-344
    Details
    In: Journal of The Royal Society Interface, The Royal Society, Vol. 8, No. 56 ( 2011-03-06), p. 334-344
    Abstract: Diamagnetic levitation is a technique that uses a strong, spatially varying magnetic field to reproduce aspects of weightlessness, on the Earth. We used a superconducting magnet to levitate growing bacterial cultures for up to 18 h, to determine the effect of diamagnetic levitation on all phases of the bacterial growth cycle. We find that diamagnetic levitation increases the rate of population growth in a liquid culture and reduces the sedimentation rate of the cells. Further experiments and microarray gene analysis show that the increase in growth rate is owing to enhanced oxygen availability. We also demonstrate that the magnetic field that levitates the cells also induces convective stirring in the liquid. We present a simple theoretical model, showing how the paramagnetic force on dissolved oxygen can cause convection during the aerobic phases of bacterial growth. We propose that this convection enhances oxygen availability by transporting oxygen around the liquid culture. Since this process results from the strong magnetic field, it is not present in other weightless environments, e.g. in Earth orbit. Hence, these results are of significance and timely to researchers considering the use of diamagnetic levitation to explore effects of weightlessness on living organisms and on physical phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-5689 , 1742-5662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0294
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2156283-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High temperature MBE of graphene on sapphire and hexagonal boron nitride flakes on sapphire
    American Vacuum Society ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena Vol. 34, No. 2 ( 2016-03-01)
    Details
    In: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena, American Vacuum Society, Vol. 34, No. 2 ( 2016-03-01)
    Abstract: The discovery of graphene and its remarkable electronic properties has provided scientists with a revolutionary material system for electronics and optoelectronics. Here, the authors investigate molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) as a growth method for graphene layers. The standard dual chamber GENxplor has been specially modified by Veeco to achieve growth temperatures of up to 1850 °C in ultrahigh vacuum conditions and is capable of growth on substrates of up to 3 in. in diameter. To calibrate the growth temperatures, the authors have formed graphene on the Si-face of SiC by heating wafers to temperatures up to 1400 °C and above. To demonstrate the scalability, the authors have formed graphene on SiC substrates with sizes ranging from 10 × 10 mm2 up to 3-in. in diameter. The authors have used a carbon sublimation source to grow graphene on sapphire at substrate temperatures between 1000 and 1650 °C (thermocouple temperatures). The quality of the graphene layers is significantly improved by growing on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrates. The authors observed a significant difference in the sticking coefficient of carbon on the surfaces of sapphire and h-BN flakes. Our atomic force microscopy measurements reveal the formation of an extended hexagonal moiré pattern when our MBE layers of graphene on h-BN flakes are grown under optimum conditions. The authors attribute this moiré pattern to the commensurate growth of crystalline graphene on h-BN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2166-2746 , 2166-2754
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1116/1.4938157
    RVK:
    UA 4922
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Vacuum Society
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3117331-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475429-0
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of magnetically simulated zero-gravity and enhanced gravity on the walk of the common fruitfly
    The Royal Society ; 2012
    In:  Journal of The Royal Society Interface Vol. 9, No. 72 ( 2012-07-07), p. 1438-1449
    Details
    In: Journal of The Royal Society Interface, The Royal Society, Vol. 9, No. 72 ( 2012-07-07), p. 1438-1449
    Abstract: Understanding the effects of gravity on biological organisms is vital to the success of future space missions. Previous studies in Earth orbit have shown that the common fruitfly ( Drosophila melanogaster ) walks more quickly and more frequently in microgravity, compared with its motion on Earth. However, flight preparation procedures and forces endured on launch made it difficult to implement on the Earth's surface a control that exposed flies to the same sequence of major physical and environmental changes. To address the uncertainties concerning these behavioural anomalies, we have studied the walking paths of D. melanogaster in a pseudo-weightless environment (0 g *) in our Earth-based laboratory. We used a strong magnetic field, produced by a superconducting solenoid, to induce a diamagnetic force on the flies that balanced the force of gravity. Simultaneously, two other groups of flies were exposed to a pseudo-hypergravity environment (2 g *) and a normal gravity environment (1 g *) within the spatially varying field. The flies had a larger mean speed in 0 g * than in 1 g *, and smaller in 2 g *. The mean square distance travelled by the flies grew more rapidly with time in 0 g * than in 1 g *, and slower in 2 g *. We observed no other clear effects of the magnetic field, up to 16.5 T, on the walks of the flies. We compare the effect of diamagnetically simulated weightlessness with that of weightlessness in an orbiting spacecraft, and identify the cause of the anomalous behaviour as the altered effective gravity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-5689 , 1742-5662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2011.0715
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2156283-0
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Correction: Corrigendum: The Inhibition of the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability by Rotation
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2016
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2016-05-31)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2016-05-31)
    Abstract: Scientific Reports 5: Article number: 11706; published online: 01 July 2015; updated: 31 May 2016 The authors of this Article would like to clarify a point regarding the experimental technique described in the Results section. This clarification does not affect the findings and results of this study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/srep26574
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
    MyJove Corporation ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Visualized Experiments , No. 121 ( 2017-03-03)
    Details
    In: Journal of Visualized Experiments, MyJove Corporation, , No. 121 ( 2017-03-03)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1940-087X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3791/55088-v
    Language: English
    Publisher: MyJove Corporation
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2259946-0
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Artificial tektites: an experimental technique for capturing the shapes of spinning drops
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2015
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2015-01-07)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2015-01-07)
    Abstract: Determining the shapes of a rotating liquid droplet bound by surface tension is an archetypal problem in the study of the equilibrium shapes of a spinning and charged droplet, a problem that unites models of the stability of the atomic nucleus with the shapes of astronomical-scale, gravitationally-bound masses. The shapes of highly deformed droplets and their stability must be calculated numerically. Although the accuracy of such models has increased with the use of progressively more sophisticated computational techniques and increases in computing power, direct experimental verification is still lacking. Here we present an experimental technique for making wax models of these shapes using diamagnetic levitation. The wax models resemble splash-form tektites, glassy stones formed from molten rock ejected from asteroid impacts. Many tektites have elongated or ‘dumb-bell’ shapes due to their rotation mid-flight before solidification, just as we observe here. Measurements of the dimensions of our wax ‘artificial tektites’ show good agreement with equilibrium shapes calculated by our numerical model and with previous models. These wax models provide the first direct experimental validation for numerical models of the equilibrium shapes of spinning droplets, of importance to fundamental physics and also to studies of tektite formation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/srep07660
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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