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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Potential of Sentinel-1 SAR to Assess Damage in Drought-Affected Temperate Deciduous Broadleaf Forests
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2023-02-11), p. 1004-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2023-02-11), p. 1004-
    Abstract: Understanding forest decline under drought pressure is receiving research attention due to the increasing frequency of large-scale heat waves and massive tree mortality events. However, since assessing mortality on the ground is challenging and costly, this study explores the capability of satellite-borne Copernicus Sentinel-1 (S-1) C-band radar data for monitoring drought-induced tree canopy damage. As droughts cause water deficits in trees and eventually lead to early foliage loss, the S-1 radiometric signal and polarimetric indices are tested regarding their sensitivities to these effects, exemplified in a deciduous broadleaf forest. Due to the scattered nature of mortality in the study site, we employed a temporal-only time series filtering scheme that provides very high spatial resolution (10 m ×10 m) for measuring at the scale of single trees. Finally, the anomaly between heavily damaged and non-damaged tree canopy samples (n = 146 per class) was used to quantify the level of damage. With a maximum anomaly of −0.50 dB ± 1.38 for S-1 Span (VV+VH), a significant decline in hydrostructural scattering (moisture and geometry of scatterers as seen by SAR) was found in the second year after drought onset. By contrast, S-1 polarimetric indices (cross-ratio, RVI, Hα) showed limited capability in detecting drought effects. From our time series evaluation, we infer that damaged canopies exhibit both lower leaf-on and leaf-off backscatters compared to unaffected canopies. We further introduce an NDVI/Span hysteresis showing a lagged signal anomaly of Span behind NDVI (by ca. one year). This time-lagged correlation implies that SAR is able to add complementary information to optical remote sensing data for detecting drought damage due to its sensitivity to physiological and hydraulic tree canopy damage. Our study lays out the promising potential of SAR remote sensing information for drought impact assessment in deciduous broadleaf forests.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs15041004
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    UAS Imagery-Based Mapping of Coarse Wood Debris in a Natural Deciduous Forest in Central Germany (Hainich National Park)
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 12, No. 20 ( 2020-10-10), p. 3293-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 20 ( 2020-10-10), p. 3293-
    Abstract: Dead wood such as coarse dead wood debris (CWD) is an important component in natural forests since it increases the diversity of plants, fungi, and animals. It serves as habitat, provides nutrients and is conducive to forest regeneration, ecosystem stabilization and soil protection. In commercially operated forests, dead wood is often unwanted as it can act as an originator of calamities. Accordingly, efficient CWD monitoring approaches are needed. However, due to the small size of CWD objects satellite data-based approaches cannot be used to gather the needed information and conventional ground-based methods are expensive. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are becoming increasingly important in the forestry sector since structural and spectral features of forest stands can be extracted from the high geometric resolution data they produce. As such, they have great potential in supporting regular forest monitoring and inventory. Consequently, the potential of UAS imagery to map CWD is investigated in this study. The study area is located in the center of the Hainich National Park (HNP) in the federal state of Thuringia, Germany. The HNP features natural and unmanaged forest comprising deciduous tree species such as Fagus sylvatica (beech), Fraxinus excelsior (ash), Acer pseudoplatanus (sycamore maple), and Carpinus betulus (hornbeam). The flight campaign was controlled from the Hainich eddy covariance flux tower located at the Eastern edge of the test site. Red-green-blue (RGB) image data were captured in March 2019 during leaf-off conditions using off-the-shelf hardware. Agisoft Metashape Pro was used for the delineation of a three-dimensional (3D) point cloud, which formed the basis for creating a canopy-free RGB orthomosaic and mapping CWD. As heavily decomposed CWD hardly stands out from the ground due to its low height, it might not be detectable by means of 3D geometric information. For this reason, solely RGB data were used for the classification of CWD. The mapping task was accomplished using a line extraction approach developed within the object-based image analysis (OBIA) software eCognition. The achieved CWD detection accuracy can compete with results of studies utilizing high-density airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-based point clouds. Out of 180 CWD objects, 135 objects were successfully delineated while 76 false alarms occurred. Although the developed OBIA approach only utilizes spectral information, it is important to understand that the 3D information extracted from our UAS data is a key requirement for successful CWD mapping as it provides the foundation for the canopy-free orthomosaic created in an earlier step. We conclude that UAS imagery is an alternative to laser data in particular if rapid update and quick response is required. We conclude that UAS imagery is an alternative to laser data for CWD mapping, especially when a rapid response and quick reaction, e.g., after a storm event, is required.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs12203293
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Novel UAV Flight Designs for Accuracy Optimization of Structure from Motion Data Products
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 15, No. 17 ( 2023-08-31), p. 4308-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 17 ( 2023-08-31), p. 4308-
    Abstract: Leveraging low-cost drone technology, specifically the DJI Mini 2, this study presents an innovative method for creating accurate, high-resolution digital surface models (DSMs) to enhance topographic mapping with off-the-shelf components. Our research, conducted near Jena, Germany, introduces two novel flight designs, the “spiral” and “loop” flight designs, devised to mitigate common challenges in structure from motion workflows, such as systematic doming and bowling effects. The analysis, based on height difference products with a lidar-based reference, and curvature estimates, revealed that “loop” and “spiral” flight patterns were successful in substantially reducing these systematic errors. It was observed that the novel flight designs resulted in DSMs with lower curvature values compared to the simple nadir or oblique flight patterns, indicating a significant reduction in distortions. The results imply that the adoption of novel flight designs can lead to substantial improvements in DSM quality, while facilitating shorter flight times and lower computational needs. This work underscores the potential of consumer-grade unoccupied aerial vehicle hardware for scientific applications, especially in remote sensing tasks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs15174308
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Monitoring Selective Logging in a Pine-Dominated Forest in Central Germany with Repeated Drone Flights Utilizing A Low Cost RTK Quadcopter
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Drones Vol. 4, No. 2 ( 2020-04-09), p. 11-
    Details
    In: Drones, MDPI AG, Vol. 4, No. 2 ( 2020-04-09), p. 11-
    Abstract: There is no doubt that unmanned aerial systems (UAS) will play an increasing role in Earth observation in the near future. The field of application is very broad and includes aspects of environmental monitoring, security, humanitarian aid, or engineering. In particular, drones with camera systems are already widely used. The capability to compute ultra-high-resolution orthomosaics and three-dimensional (3D) point clouds from UAS imagery generates a wide interest in such systems, not only in the science community, but also in industry and agencies. In particular, forestry sciences benefit from ultra-high-structural and spectral information as regular tree level-based monitoring becomes feasible. There is a great need for this kind of information as, for example, due to the spring and summer droughts in Europe in the years 2018/2019, large quantities of individual trees were damaged or even died. This study focuses on selective logging at the level of individual trees using repeated drone flights. Using the new generation of UAS, which allows for sub-decimeter-level positioning accuracies, a change detection approach based on bi-temporal UAS acquisitions was implemented. In comparison to conventional UAS, the effort of implementing repeated drone flights in the field was low, because no ground control points needed to be surveyed. As shown in this study, the geometrical offset between the two collected datasets was below 10 cm across the site, which enabled a direct comparison of both datasets without the need for post-processing (e.g., image matching). For the detection of logged trees, we utilized the spectral and height differences between both acquisitions. For their delineation, an object-based approach was employed, which was proven to be highly accurate (precision = 97.5%; recall = 91.6%). Due to the ease of use of such new generation, off-the-shelf consumer drones, their decreasing purchase costs, the quality of available workflows for data processing, and the convincing results presented here, UAS-based data can and should complement conventional forest inventory practices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2504-446X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/drones4020011
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2934569-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estimation of regional soil organic carbon stocks merging classified land-use information with detailed soil data
    Elsevier BV ; 2019
    In:  Science of The Total Environment Vol. 695 ( 2019-12), p. 133755-
    Details
    In: Science of The Total Environment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 695 ( 2019-12), p. 133755-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0048-9697
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133755
    RVK:
    AR 10100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 121506-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Robust Extraction of Urban Land Cover Information From HSR Multi-Spectral and LiDAR Data
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; 2013
    In:  IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing Vol. 6, No. 5 ( 2013-10), p. 2196-2211
    Details
    In: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Vol. 6, No. 5 ( 2013-10), p. 2196-2211
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1939-1404 , 2151-1535
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2252329
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2465957-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2457423-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of urban living environments on mental health in adults
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Nature Medicine Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2023-06), p. 1456-1467
    Details
    In: Nature Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2023-06), p. 1456-1467
    Abstract: Urban-living individuals are exposed to many environmental factors that may combine and interact to influence mental health. While individual factors of an urban environment have been investigated in isolation, no attempt has been made to model how complex, real-life exposure to living in the city relates to brain and mental health, and how this is moderated by genetic factors. Using the data of 156,075 participants from the UK Biobank, we carried out sparse canonical correlation analyses to investigate the relationships between urban environments and psychiatric symptoms. We found an environmental profile of social deprivation, air pollution, street network and urban land-use density that was positively correlated with an affective symptom group ( r  = 0.22, P perm   〈  0.001), mediated by brain volume differences consistent with reward processing, and moderated by genes enriched for stress response, including CRHR1 , explaining 2.01% of the variance in brain volume differences. Protective factors such as greenness and generous destination accessibility were negatively correlated with an anxiety symptom group ( r  = 0.10, P perm   〈  0.001), mediated by brain regions necessary for emotion regulation and moderated by EXD3 , explaining 1.65% of the variance. The third urban environmental profile was correlated with an emotional instability symptom group ( r  = 0.03, P perm   〈  0.001). Our findings suggest that different environmental profiles of urban living may influence specific psychiatric symptom groups through distinct neurobiological pathways.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-8956 , 1546-170X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02365-w
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1484517-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1220066-9
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How does the macroenvironment influence brain and behaviour—a review of current status and future perspectives
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2024
    In:  Molecular Psychiatry
    Details
    In: Molecular Psychiatry, Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Abstract: The environment influences brain and mental health, both detrimentally and beneficially. Existing research has emphasised the individual psychosocial ‘microenvironment’. Less attention has been paid to ‘macroenvironmental’ challenges, including climate change, pollution, urbanicity, and socioeconomic disparity. Notably, the implications of climate and pollution on brain and mental health have only recently gained prominence. With the advent of large-scale big-data cohorts and an increasingly dense mapping of macroenvironmental parameters, we are now in a position to characterise the relation between macroenvironment, brain, and behaviour across different geographic and cultural locations globally. This review synthesises findings from recent epidemiological and neuroimaging studies, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing evidence between the macroenvironment and the structure and functions of the brain, with a particular emphasis on its implications for mental illness. We discuss putative underlying mechanisms and address the most common exposures of the macroenvironment. Finally, we identify critical areas for future research to enhance our understanding of the aetiology of mental illness and to inform effective interventions for healthier environments and mental health promotion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1359-4184 , 1476-5578
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02557-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1502531-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1330655-8
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pan-Arctic Land Cover Mapping and Fire Assessment for the ESA Data User Element Permafrost
    Schweizerbart ; 2010
    In:  Photogrammetrie - Fernerkundung - Geoinformation Vol. 2010, No. 4 ( 2010-08-01), p. 283-293
    Details
    In: Photogrammetrie - Fernerkundung - Geoinformation, Schweizerbart, Vol. 2010, No. 4 ( 2010-08-01), p. 283-293
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1432-8364
    Uniform Title: Pan-Arctic Land Cover Mapping and Fire Assessment for the ESA Data User Element Permafrost
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1127/1432-8364/2010/0056
    RVK:
    RA 4132.8
    Language: English , English
    Publisher: Schweizerbart
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1384861-6
    SSG: 14
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  • 10
    Online Resource
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    Object-based land cover mapping and comprehensive feature calculation for an automated derivation of urban structure types at block level
    Elsevier BV ; 2014
    In:  Remote Sensing of Environment Vol. 154 ( 2014-11), p. 192-201
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing of Environment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 154 ( 2014-11), p. 192-201
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0034-4257
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2014.08.024
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 431483-9
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 14
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