In:
Critical Care Medicine, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 44, No. 10 ( 2016-10), p. 1861-1870
Abstract:
The 2009–2010 influenza A (H1N1pdm09) pandemic caused substantial morbidity and mortality among young patients; however, mortality estimates have been confounded by regional differences in eligibility criteria and inclusion of selected populations. In 2013–2014, H1N1pdm09 became North America’s dominant seasonal influenza strain. Our objective was to compare the baseline characteristics, resources, and treatments with outcomes among critically ill patients with influenza A (H1N1pdm09) in Mexican and Canadian hospitals in 2014 using consistent eligibility criteria. Design: Observational study and a survey of available healthcare setting resources. Setting: Twenty-one hospitals, 13 in Mexico and eight in Canada. Patients: Critically ill patients with confirmed H1N1pdm09 during 2013–2014 influenza season. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: The main outcome measures were 90-day mortality and independent predictors of mortality. Among 165 adult patients with H1N1pdm09-related critical illness between September 2013 and March 2014, mean age was 48.3 years, 64% were males, and nearly all influenza was community acquired. Patients were severely hypoxic (median Pa o 2 -to-F io 2 ratio, 83 mm Hg), 97% received mechanical ventilation, with mean positive end-expiratory pressure of 14 cm H 2 O at the onset of critical illness and 26.7% received rescue oxygenation therapy with prone ventilation, extracorporeal life support, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, or inhaled nitric oxide. At 90 days, mortality was 34.6% (13.9% in Canada vs 50.5% in Mexico, p 〈 0.0001). Independent predictors of mortality included lower presenting Pa o 2 -to-F io 2 ratio (odds ratio, 0.89 per 10-point increase [95% CI, 0.80–0.99]), age (odds ratio, 1.49 per 10 yr increment [95% CI, 1.10–2.02] ), and requiring critical care in Mexico (odds ratio, 7.76 [95% CI, 2.02–27.35]). ICUs in Canada generally had more beds, ventilators, healthcare personnel, and rescue oxygenation therapies. Conclusions: Influenza A (H1N1pdm09)-related critical illness still predominantly affects relatively young to middle-aged patients and is associated with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. The local critical care system and available resources may be influential determinants of patient outcome.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0090-3493
DOI:
10.1097/CCM.0000000000001830
Language:
English
Publisher:
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Publication Date:
2016
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2034247-0
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