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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of Effects of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Physical Activity Habits and Blood Lipid Levels in Persons With Type 1 Diabetes Managed With MDI: An Analysis Based on the GOLD Randomized Trial (GOLD 8)
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
    Details
    In: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, SAGE Publications
    Abstract: People with type 1 diabetes generally view it easier to exercise when having continuous information of the glucose levels. We evaluated whether patients with type 1 diabetes managed with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) exercised more after initiating continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and whether the improved glycemic control and well-being associated with CGM translates into improved blood lipids and markers of inflammation. Method: The GOLD trial was a randomized cross-over trial over 16 months where patients used either CGM or capillary self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) over six months, with a four-month wash-out period between the two treatment periods. We compared grade of physical activity, blood lipids, apolipoproteins, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels during CGM and SMBG. Results: There were 116 patients with information of physical activity estimated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) during both CGM and SMBG. No changes were found during CGM or SMBG, IPAQ scores 3305 versus 3878 ( P = .16). In 136 participants with information of blood lipid levels with no change in lipid-lowering medication during the two treatment periods, HbA1c differed by 4.2 mmol/mol (NGSP 0.39%) between SMBG and CGM treatment ( P 〈 .001). No significant changes existed in low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B1, or hsCRP, during CGM and SMBG. Conclusion: Although many patients experience it easier to perform physical activity when monitoring glucose levels with CGM, it does not influence the amount of physical activity in persons with type 1 diabetes. Blood lipids, apolipoprotein, and hsCRP levels were similar during CGM and SMBG.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-2968 , 1932-2968
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/19322968221101916
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    126-LB: Improved Insulin Adherence after Introduction of a Smart Connected Insulin Pen
    American Diabetes Association ; 2019
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 68, No. Supplement_1 ( 2019-06-01)
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 68, No. Supplement_1 ( 2019-06-01)
    Abstract: An association between missed insulin injections and its impact on HbA1c levels has been established. The smart connected NovoPen® 6 captures and allows visualization of insulin injections (date and time of injection and number of units) and thus has the potential to move dialog between patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs) away from guessing about doses taken, missed doses and optimal injection time in relation to meals. This non-interventional study investigated whether the use of NovoPen® 6 influenced the behavior of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in terms of missed bolus dose (MBD) injections. Patients were recruited from 12 Swedish diabetes clinics. At baseline they received a NovoPen® 6 for bolus insulin injections. At each HCP visit, pen data were downloaded at the clinic. Follow-up was after ≥5 HCP visits. Adults with T1D (n=81) using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and NovoPen® 6 for bolus injections were included in the analyses. The frequency of MBD was analyzed using the GRID algorithm to detect meals from the CGM signal. MBD was defined as meals with no bolus injection within -15 to +60 minutes from the start of the meal, as detected by the algorithm. The change in number of MBD from baseline to ≥5 HCP visits was analyzed using a mixed model. A significant decrease of 43% in the average daily number of MBD was observed from baseline to after ≥5 HCP visits (median time in study 6 months) from 0.74 (95% CI [0.62; 0.88]) to 0.42 (95% CI [0.30; 0.60] ) (p=0.002). Based on the assumption that patients have three main meals per day, this corresponded to a decrease from 25% to 14% in MBD. The results indicated that patients achieved more well-dosed meals, even though these are not detected by the GRID algorithm, because of a lower CGM response. These real-world findings confirm that MBD is a problem for patients with T1D and that a smart connected pen can support good injection behavior, with fewer missed and more well-dosed mealtime injections. This could subsequently lead to better glycemic control. Disclosure P. Adolfsson: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk A/S, Roche Pharma. Employee; Self; Region Halland. Research Support; Self; Region Halland. N.V. Hartvig: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. A. Kaas: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. N. Nygård Knudsen: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. A. Mårdby: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. J.B. Møller: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. J. Hellman: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. Consultant; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. Funding Novo Nordisk
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/db19-126-LB
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501252-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Association Between HbA1c and Time in Hypoglycemia During CGM and Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in People With Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Daily Insulin Injections: A Randomized Clinical Trial (GOLD-4)
    American Diabetes Association ; 2020
    In:  Diabetes Care Vol. 43, No. 9 ( 2020-09-01), p. 2017-2024
    Details
    In: Diabetes Care, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 43, No. 9 ( 2020-09-01), p. 2017-2024
    Abstract: According to recent guidelines, individuals with type 1 diabetes should spend & lt;4.0% of time per day with glucose levels & lt;3.9 mmol/L ( & lt;70 mg/dL) and & lt;1.0% per day with glucose levels & lt;3.0 mmol/L ( & lt;54 mg/dL). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the GOLD randomized crossover trial, 161 individuals with type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) were randomized to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) or conventional therapy with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and evaluated over 16 months. We estimated the association between time spent in hypoglycemia and various mean glucose and HbA1c levels. RESULTS Time spent in hypoglycemia ( & lt;3.9 mmol/L and & lt;3.0 mmol/L) increased significantly with lower mean HbA1c and mean glucose levels during both CGM and conventional therapy. During CGM, 24 (57.1%) individuals with HbA1c & lt;7.5% ( & lt;58 mmol/mol) had & lt;1.0% time spent in hypoglycemia & lt;3.0 mmol/L and 23 (54.8%) had & lt;4.0% time spent in hypoglycemia & lt;3.9 mmol/L. During CGM, mean time spent in hypoglycemia for individuals with mean HbA1c 7.0% (52 mmol/mol) was estimated to be 5.4% for & lt;3.9 mmol/L and 1.5% for & lt;3.0 mmol/L. The corresponding values during SMBG were 9.2% and 3.5%, respectively. Individuals with mean glucose levels of 8 mmol/L spent 4.9% units more time with glucose levels & lt;3.9 mmol/L and 2.8% units more time & lt;3.0 mmol/L during SMBG compared with CGM. CONCLUSIONS Reaching current targets for time in hypoglycemia while at the same time reaching HbA1c targets is challenging for patients with type 1 diabetes treated with MDI both with CGM and SMBG monitoring. However, CGM is associated with considerably less time in hypoglycemia than SMBG at a broad range of HbA1c levels and is crucial for patients with MDI treatment if they are to have a chance to approach hypoglycemia targets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0149-5992 , 1935-5548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/dc19-2606
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490520-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Classification of Hypoglycemic Events in Type 1 Diabetes Using Machine Learning Algorithms
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Diabetes Therapy Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2023-06), p. 953-965
    Details
    In: Diabetes Therapy, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2023-06), p. 953-965
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1869-6953 , 1869-6961
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01403-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2566702-6
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  • 5
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    Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for undergraduate medical education – development and exploration of social validity
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  BMC Medical Education Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2023-09-04)
    Details
    In: BMC Medical Education, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2023-09-04)
    Abstract: The development of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) as a framework for work-based training and assessment in undergraduate medical education has become popular. EPAs are defined as units of a professional activity requiring adequate knowledge, skills, and attitudes, with a recognized output of professional labor, independently executable within a time frame, observable and measurable in its process and outcome, and reflecting one or more competencies. Before a new framework is implemented in a specific context, it is valuable to explore social validity, that is, the acceptability by relevant stakeholders. Aim The aim of our work was to define Core EPAs for undergraduate medical education and further explore the social validity of the constructs. Method and material In a nationwide collaboration, EPAs were developed using a modified Delphi procedure and validated according to EQual by a group consisting of teachers nominated from each of the seven Swedish medical schools, two student representatives, and an educational developer (n = 16). In the next step, social validity was explored in a nationwide survey. The survey introduced the suggested EPAs. For each EPA, the importance of the EPA was rated, as was the rater’s perception of the present graduates’ required level of supervision when performing the activity. Free-text comments were also included and analyzed. Results Ten Core EPAs were defined and validated. The validation scores for EQual ranged from 4.1 to 4.9. The nationwide survey had 473 responders. All activities were rated as “important” by most responders, ranging from 54 to 96%. When asked how independent current graduates were in performing the ten activities, 6 to 35% reported “independent”. The three themes of the free text comments were: ‘relevant target areas and content’; ‘definition of the activities’; and ‘clinical practice and learning’. Conclusion Ten Core EPAs were defined and assessed as relevant for Swedish undergraduate medical education. There was a consistent gap between the perceived importance and the certainty that the students could perform these professional activities independently at the time of graduation. These results indicate that the ten EPAs may have a role in undergraduate education by creating clarity for all stakeholders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1472-6920
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04621-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2044473-4
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  • 6
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    The majority of people with type 1 diabetes and multiple daily insulin injections benefit from using continuous glucose monitoring: An analysis based on the GOLD randomized trial ( GOLD‐5 )
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Vol. 23, No. 2 ( 2021-02), p. 619-630
    Details
    In: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Wiley, Vol. 23, No. 2 ( 2021-02), p. 619-630
    Abstract: To identify responders to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in relation to reductions in HbA1c and percentage of time spent in hypoglycaemia after initiation of CGM for individuals with type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections. Materials and Methods We analysed data from 142 participants in the GOLD randomized clinical trial. We evaluated how many lowered their HbA1c by more than 0.4% ( 〉 4.7 mmol/mol) or decreased the time spent in hypoglycaemia over 24 hours by more than 20 or 30 minutes, and which baseline variables were associated with those improvements. Results Lower reduction of HbA1c was associated with greater reduction of hypoglycaemia (r = −0.52; P   〈  .0001). During CGM, 47% of participants lowered their HbA1c values by more than 0.4% ( 〉 4.7 mmol/mol) than with self‐measurement of blood glucose, and 47% decreased the time spent in hypoglycaemia by more than 20 minutes over 24 hours. Overall, 78% either reduced their HbA1c by more than 0.4% ( 〉 4.7 mmol/mol) or the time spent in hypoglycaemia by more than 20 minutes over 24 hours, but only 14% improved both. Higher HbA1c, a lower percentage of time at less than 3.0 or 3.9 mmol/L, a lower coefficient of variation (CV) and a higher percentage of time above 13.9 mmol/L ( P = .016) were associated with greater HbA1c reduction during CGM. The variables associated with a greater reduction of time in hypoglycaemia were female sex, greater time with glucose levels at less than 3.0 mmol/L, higher CV, and higher hypoglycaemia confidence as evaluated by a hypoglycaemic confidence questionnaire. Conclusion The majority of people with type 1 diabetes managed by multiple daily insulin injections benefit from CGM; some experienced reduced HbA1c while others reduced the time spent in hypoglycaemia. These factors need to be considered by healthcare professionals and decision‐makers for reimbursement and diabetes guidelines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1462-8902 , 1463-1326
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/dom.v23.2
    DOI: 10.1111/dom.14257
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004918-3
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  • 7
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    64-OR: Sustained Intensive Treatment and Long-Term Effects on A1C Reduction (SILVER Study) by CGM in Persons with T1D Treated with MDI
    American Diabetes Association ; 2020
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 69, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-06-01)
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 69, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-06-01)
    Abstract: CGM reduces A1c and time in hypoglycemia in persons with T1D treated with MDI evaluated over short time periods. It’s unclear to what extent CGM improves glucose control, treatment satisfaction, hypoglycemia fear and diabetes-related QoL long term. The GOLD trial was a 16 month randomized crossover trial of CGM use in persons with T1D treated with MDI. The SILVER study is an extension in which patients continued CGM use (DexcomG4/G5) for 1 year with clinical visits every 3 months. The primary endpoint, A1c change during long-term CGM use compared with SMBG during GOLD (from end of SMBG in GOLD until end of SILVER study/1.0-1.5 years), showed decreased A1c of 0.35% (95% CI 0.19-0.50), p & lt;0.001. TIR increased by 8.6% (95% CI 5.1-12.0,p & lt;0.001), from 43.0 -51.0%. Time in hypoglycemia & lt;54 and & lt;70 mg/dl decreased from 2.1- 0.6%, p & lt;0.001 and from 5.4- 2.9%, p & lt;0.001, respectively. From randomization and screening in GOLD, A1c decreased by 0.45% (p & lt;0.001) and 0.68% (p & lt;0.001) after 2.5 years, respectively. Wellbeing WHO-5, p & lt;0.001, treatment satisfaction DTSQ, p & lt;0.001 and hypoglycemia confidence, p & lt;0.001 increased. Diabetes-distress decreased PAID, p=0.006 over the time period. The SILVER study supports beneficial long-term effects by CGM use on A1c, TIR, hypoglycemia, treatment satisfaction, wellbeing, hypoglycemia confidence and diabetes distress in persons with T1D treated with MDI. Disclosure M. Lind: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk Inc. Consultant; Self; AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk Inc. Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc. A.F. Olafsdottir: None. I.B. Hirsch: Consultant; Self; Abbott, Bigfoot Biomedical, Roche Diabetes Care. Research Support; Self; Medtronic, Omnipod. J. Bolinder: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott. Consultant; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca. S. Dahlqvist: None. A. Pivodic: None. J. Hellman: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Lilly Diabetes, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. M.O. Wijkman: None. E. Schwarcz: Advisory Panel; Self; Sanofi. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. H. Albrektsson: None. T. Heise: Advisory Panel; Self; Mylan, Novo Nordisk A/S. Research Support; Self; ADOCIA, Aerami, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Biocon, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Merck KGaA, Mylan, Nordic Bioscience, Novo Nordisk A/S, Poxel SA, Sanofi, Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Zealand Pharma A/S. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk A/S. W. Polonsky: Advisory Panel; Self; Intarcia Therapeutics, Roche Diabetes Care. Consultant; Self; Abbott, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Insulet Corporation, Novo Nordisk Inc., Onduo, Sanofi US, Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Funding Dexcom, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/db20-64-OR
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501252-9
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  • 8
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    Continuous Glucose Monitoring vs Conventional Therapy for Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Multiple Daily Insulin Injections : The GOLD Randomized Clinical Trial
    American Medical Association (AMA) ; 2017
    In:  JAMA Vol. 317, No. 4 ( 2017-01-24), p. 379-
    Details
    In: JAMA, American Medical Association (AMA), Vol. 317, No. 4 ( 2017-01-24), p. 379-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0098-7484
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.19976
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2958-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2018410-4
    SSG: 5,21
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  • 9
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    Sustained Intensive Treatment and Long-term Effects on HbA1c Reduction (SILVER Study) by CGM in People With Type 1 Diabetes Treated With MDI
    American Diabetes Association ; 2021
    In:  Diabetes Care Vol. 44, No. 1 ( 2021-01-01), p. 141-149
    Details
    In: Diabetes Care, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 44, No. 1 ( 2021-01-01), p. 141-149
    Abstract: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) reduces HbA1c and time spent in hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) treated with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) when evaluated over shorter time periods. It is unclear to what extent CGM improves and helps to maintain glucose control, treatment satisfaction, diabetes distress, hypoglycemic concerns, and overall well-being over longer periods of time. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The GOLD trial was a randomized crossover trial performed over 16 months of CGM treatment in people with T1D treated with MDI. People completing the trial (n = 141) were invited to participate in the current SILVER extension study in which 107 patients continued CGM treatment over 1 year along with the support of a diabetes nurse every 3 months. RESULTS The primary end point of the change in HbA1c over 1.0–1.5 years of CGM use compared with previous self-monitoring of blood glucose during GOLD showed a decrease in HbA1c of 0.35% (95% CI 0.19–0.50, P & lt; 0.001). Time spent in hypoglycemia & lt;3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) and & lt;4.0 mmol/L (72 mg/dL) decreased from 2.1% to 0.6% (P & lt; 0.001) and from 5.4% to 2.9% (P & lt; 0.001), respectively. Overall well-being (World Health Organization 5-item well-being index, P = 0.009), treatment satisfaction (Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, P & lt; 0.001), and hypoglycemic confidence (P & lt; 0.001) increased, while hypoglycemic fear (Hypoglycemia Fear Survey–Worry, P = 0.016) decreased and diabetes distress tended to decrease (Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale, P = 0.06). From randomization and screening in GOLD, HbA1c was lowered by 0.45% (P & lt; 0.001) and 0.68% (P & lt; 0.001) after 2.3 and 2.5 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The SILVER study supports beneficial long-term effects from CGM on HbA1c, hypoglycemia, treatment satisfaction, well-being, and hypoglycemic confidence in people with T1D managed with MDI.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0149-5992 , 1935-5548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1468
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 10
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    1076-P: Increased Time-in-Range (TIR) Observed after Introduction of a Connected Insulin Pen
    American Diabetes Association ; 2019
    In:  Diabetes Vol. 68, No. Supplement_1 ( 2019-06-01)
    Details
    In: Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Vol. 68, No. Supplement_1 ( 2019-06-01)
    Abstract: The capture and visualization of insulin injection patterns together with blood glucose data has potential to improve dialogue between patients and HCPs about dose, injection time and missed injections. This may improve glycemic control. The objective of this non-interventional study was to investigate how a connected insulin pen (NovoPen®6) influences glycemic control in patients with T1DM in a real-world setting. Patients were recruited from 12 Swedish diabetes clinics. At baseline patients received a NovoPen®6, which logs time of injection and number of insulin units. HCP visits were conducted according to clinical practice. At each visit, pen data were downloaded at the clinic to support patient-HCP dialogue. Adults with T1DM (n=94) using NovoPen®6 for basal and/or bolus and CGM were included in the analyses. The effect on TIR was based on a 14-day interval after each visit using a linear mixed-effects model. A significant increase in TIR from baseline to after ≥5 HCP visits (median time in study 6 months) of 1.9 hours/day (9.2 to 11.1 hours/day) was found (p=0.0009). Accordingly, significant reduction in time spent in hyper- and L2 hypoglycemia (-1.8 hours/day p=0.003; -0.3 hours/day p=0.005) was observed. There was no change in time in L1 hypoglycemia (p=0.181). These real-world findings in patients with T1DM highlight the potential benefit on glycemic control when accurate connected pen data contribute to patient-HCP dialogue. Disclosure P. Adolfsson: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk A/S, Roche Pharma. Employee; Self; Region Halland. Research Support; Self; Region Halland. N.V. Hartvig: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. A. Kaas: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. N. Nygård Knudsen: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. A. Mårdby: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. J. Hellman: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. Consultant; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. Funding Novo Nordisk A/S
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-1797 , 1939-327X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2337/db19-1076-P
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Diabetes Association
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1501252-9
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