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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MEF2c-Dependent Downregulation of Myocilin Mediates Cancer-Induced Muscle Wasting and Associates with Cachexia in Patients with Cancer
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2020
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 80, No. 9 ( 2020-05-01), p. 1861-1874
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 80, No. 9 ( 2020-05-01), p. 1861-1874
    Abstract: Skeletal muscle wasting is a devastating consequence of cancer that contributes to increased complications and poor survival, but is not well understood at the molecular level. Herein, we investigated the role of Myocilin (Myoc), a skeletal muscle hypertrophy-promoting protein that we showed is downregulated in multiple mouse models of cancer cachexia. Loss of Myoc alone was sufficient to induce phenotypes identified in mouse models of cancer cachexia, including muscle fiber atrophy, sarcolemmal fragility, and impaired muscle regeneration. By 18 months of age, mice deficient in Myoc showed significant skeletal muscle remodeling, characterized by increased fat and collagen deposition compared with wild-type mice, thus also supporting Myoc as a regulator of muscle quality. In cancer cachexia models, maintaining skeletal muscle expression of Myoc significantly attenuated muscle loss, while mice lacking Myoc showed enhanced muscle wasting. Furthermore, we identified the myocyte enhancer factor 2 C (MEF2C) transcription factor as a key upstream activator of Myoc whose gain of function significantly deterred cancer-induced muscle wasting and dysfunction in a preclinical model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Finally, compared with noncancer control patients, MYOC was significantly reduced in skeletal muscle of patients with PDAC defined as cachectic and correlated with MEF2c. These data therefore identify disruptions in MEF2c-dependent transcription of Myoc as a novel mechanism of cancer-associated muscle wasting that is similarly disrupted in muscle of patients with cachectic cancer. Significance: This work identifies a novel transcriptional mechanism that mediates skeletal muscle wasting in murine models of cancer cachexia that is disrupted in skeletal muscle of patients with cancer exhibiting cachexia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-19-1558
    RVK:
    XA 36000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2020
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Retrotransposons Are the Major Contributors to the Expansion of the Drosophila ananassae Muller F Element
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2017
    In:  G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics Vol. 7, No. 8 ( 2017-08-01), p. 2439-2460
    Details
    In: G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 7, No. 8 ( 2017-08-01), p. 2439-2460
    Abstract: The discordance between genome size and the complexity of eukaryotes can partly be attributed to differences in repeat density. The Muller F element (∼5.2 Mb) is the smallest chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster, but it is substantially larger ( & gt;18.7 Mb) in D. ananassae. To identify the major contributors to the expansion of the F element and to assess their impact, we improved the genome sequence and annotated the genes in a 1.4-Mb region of the D. ananassae F element, and a 1.7-Mb region from the D element for comparison. We find that transposons (particularly LTR and LINE retrotransposons) are major contributors to this expansion (78.6%), while Wolbachia sequences integrated into the D. ananassae genome are minor contributors (0.02%). Both D. melanogaster and D. ananassae F-element genes exhibit distinct characteristics compared to D-element genes (e.g., larger coding spans, larger introns, more coding exons, and lower codon bias), but these differences are exaggerated in D. ananassae. Compared to D. melanogaster, the codon bias observed in D. ananassae F-element genes can primarily be attributed to mutational biases instead of selection. The 5′ ends of F-element genes in both species are enriched in dimethylation of lysine 4 on histone 3 (H3K4me2), while the coding spans are enriched in H3K9me2. Despite differences in repeat density and gene characteristics, D. ananassae F-element genes show a similar range of expression levels compared to genes in euchromatic domains. This study improves our understanding of how transposons can affect genome size and how genes can function within highly repetitive domains.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2160-1836
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.040907
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2629978-1
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