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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Treatment of Dry Eye Syndrome with Orally Administered CF101
    Elsevier BV ; 2010
    In:  Ophthalmology Vol. 117, No. 7 ( 2010-7), p. 1287-1293
    Details
    In: Ophthalmology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 117, No. 7 ( 2010-7), p. 1287-1293
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0161-6420
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.11.029
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 392083-5
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  • 2
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    Effect of G-Force on Bicuspid Aortic Valve in Aviators
    S. Karger AG ; 2007
    In:  Cardiology Vol. 108, No. 2 ( 2007), p. 124-127
    Details
    In: Cardiology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 108, No. 2 ( 2007), p. 124-127
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background and Aims: 〈 /i 〉 Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a common congenital cardiac malformation. The major complications are aortic stenosis (AS), aortic regurgitation (AR), infectious endocarditis and aortic dissection. This paper aims to assess the hemodynamic importance of incidentally-found BAV in military aviators and evaluate the effect of high G-force on disease progression. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Aviators with BAV were detected by reviewing all cardiac assessment records between 1987 and 2005. All aviators underwent annual flight surgeon examination. Echocardiography was performed as recommended by our cardiologists and flight surgeons. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 Eight newly diagnosed cases of BAV were found. All of the aviators continued active aviation throughout the study period. Repeat echocardiography demonstrated progressive widening of the aortic diameter in five of the eight aviators. No worsening of valve dysfunction was seen in those with mild aortic regurgitation at diagnosis. Left ventricular dimensions and function did not deteriorate. No new valve complications, including infectious endocarditis, were seen. The age at diagnosis strongly correlated with the root diameter change; both total (r = 0.74, p = 0.02) and annualized (r = 0.78, p = 0.02) change. Over a mean follow-up period of 12.1 years, no difference was seen in the progression of BAV in high-performance as compared to low-performance aviators. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 Exposure to G-force and anti-G maneuvers does not appear to worsen cardiac and valve function in aviators with BAV.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-6312 , 1421-9751
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000096024
    RVK:
    XA 36200
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80092-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482041-9
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  • 3
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    No evidence of uptake or propagation of reindeer CWD prions in environmentally exposed sheep
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Vol. 64, No. 1 ( 2022-12)
    Details
    In: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 64, No. 1 ( 2022-12)
    Abstract: Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease of cervids first reported in North America in the 1960s. In Europe, CWD was first diagnosed in 2016 in a wild reindeer in Norway. Detection of two more cases in the same mountain area led to the complete culling of this partially confined reindeer population of about 2400 animals. A total of 19 CWD positive animals were identified. The affected area is extensively used for the grazing of sheep during summers. There are many mineral licks intended for sheep in the area, but these have also been used by reindeer. This overlap in area use raised concerns for cross-species prion transmission between reindeer and sheep. In this study, we have used global positioning system (GPS) data from sheep and reindeer, including tracking one of the CWD positive reindeer, to investigate spatial and time-relevant overlaps between these two species. Since prions can accumulate in lymphoid follicles following oral uptake, samples of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) from 425 lambs and 78 adult sheep, which had grazed in the region during the relevant timeframe, were analyzed for the presence of prions. The recto-anal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (RAMALT) from all the animals were examined by histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the ileal Peyer's patch (IPP) from a subsample of 37 lambs were examined by histology and IHC, for the detection of prions. Results GPS data showed an overlap in area use between the infected reindeer herd and the sheep. In addition, the GPS positions of an infected reindeer and some of the sampled sheep showed temporospatial overlap. No prions were detected in the GALT of the investigated sheep even though the mean lymphoid follicle number in RAMALT and IPP samples were high. Conclusion The absence of prions in the GALT of sheep that have shared pasture with CWD-infected reindeer, may suggest that transmission of this novel CWD strain to sheep does not easily occur under the conditions found in these mountains. We document that the lymphoid follicle rich RAMALT could be a useful tool to screen for prions in sheep.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1751-0147
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13028-022-00632-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2240171-4
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  • 4
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    Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in children with post-concussion syndrome improves cognitive and behavioral function: a randomized controlled trial
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-09-23)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-09-23)
    Abstract: Persistent post-concussion syndrome (PPCS) is a common and significant morbidity among children following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the evidence for effective PPCS treatments remains limited. Recent studies have shown the beneficial effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in PPCS adult patients. This randomized, sham-control, double blind trial evaluated the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on children (age 8–15) suffering from PPCS from mild-moderate TBI events six months to 10 years prior. Twenty-five children were randomized to receive 60 daily sessions of HBOT (n = 15) or sham (n = 10) treatments. Following HBOT, there was a significant increase in cognitive function including the general cognitive score (d = 0.598, p = 0.01), memory (d = 0.480, p = 0.02), executive function (d = 0.739, p = 0.003), PPCS symptoms including emotional score (p = 0.04, d = – 0.676), behavioral symptoms including hyperactivity (d = 0.244, p = 0.03), global executive composite score (d = 0.528, p = 0.001), planning/organizing score (d = 1.09, p = 0.007). Clinical outcomes correlated with significant improvements in brain MRI microstructural changes in the insula, supramarginal, lingual, inferior frontal and fusiform gyri. The study suggests that HBOT improves both cognitive and behavioral function, PPCS symptoms, and quality of life in pediatric PPCS patients at the chronic stage, even years after injury. Additional data is needed to optimize the protocol and to characterize the children who can benefit the most.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19395-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 5
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    Transmission of Norwegian reindeer CWD to sheep by intracerebral inoculation results in an unusual phenotype and prion distribution
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2024
    In:  Veterinary Research Vol. 55, No. 1 ( 2024-07-29)
    Details
    In: Veterinary Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 55, No. 1 ( 2024-07-29)
    Abstract: Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disease affecting cervids, has been known in North America (NA) since the 1960s and emerged in Norway in 2016. Surveillance and studies have revealed that there are different forms of CWD in Fennoscandia: contagious CWD in Norwegian reindeer and sporadic CWD in moose and red deer. Experimental studies have demonstrated that NA CWD prions can infect various species, but thus far, there have been no reports of natural transmission to non-cervid species. In vitro and laboratory animal studies of the Norwegian CWD strains suggest that these strains are different from the NA strains. In this work, we describe the intracerebral transmission of reindeer CWD to six scrapie-susceptible sheep. Detection methods included immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) and protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA). In the brain, grey matter vacuolation was limited, while all sheep exhibited vacuolation of the white matter. IHC and WB conventional detection techniques failed to detect prions; however, positive seeding activity with the RT-QuIC and PMCA amplification techniques was observed in the central nervous system of all but one sheep. Prions were robustly amplified in the lymph nodes of all animals, mainly by RT-QuIC. Additionally, two lymph nodes were positive by WB, and one was positive by ELISA. These findings suggest that sheep can propagate reindeer CWD prions after intracerebral inoculation, resulting in an unusual disease phenotype and prion distribution with a low amount of detectable prions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1297-9716
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01350-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2012391-7
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  • 6
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    Inter- and intra-species conversion efficacies of Norwegian prion isolates estimated by serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Veterinary Research Vol. 54, No. 1 ( 2023-09-29)
    Details
    In: Veterinary Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 54, No. 1 ( 2023-09-29)
    Abstract: Prion diseases, including chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids, are fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by the misfolding of cellular prion proteins. CWD is known to spread among captive and free-ranging deer in North America. In 2016, an outbreak of contagious CWD was detected among wild reindeer in Norway, marking the first occurrence of the disease in Europe. Additionally, new sporadic forms of CWD have been discovered in red deer in Norway and moose in Fennoscandia. We used serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification to study the ability of Norwegian prion isolates from reindeer, red deer, and moose (two isolates), as well as experimental classical scrapie from sheep, to convert a panel of 16 brain homogenates (substrates) from six different species with various prion protein genotypes. The reindeer CWD isolate successfully converted substrates from all species except goats. The red deer isolate failed to convert sheep and goat substrates but exhibited amplification in all cervid substrates. The two moose isolates demonstrated lower conversion efficacies. The wild type isolate propagated in all moose substrates and in the wild type red deer substrate, while the other isolate only converted two of the moose substrates. The experimental classical scrapie isolate was successfully propagated in substrates from all species tested. Thus, reindeer CWD and classical sheep scrapie isolates were similarly propagated in substrates from different species, suggesting the potential for spillover of these contagious diseases. Furthermore, the roe deer substrate supported conversion of three isolates suggesting that this species may be vulnerable to prion disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1297-9716
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01220-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2012391-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Overview and Evaluation of Existing Guidelines for Rational Antimicrobial Use in Small-Animal Veterinary Practice in Europe
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2021-04-09), p. 409-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2021-04-09), p. 409-
    Abstract: Antimicrobial stewardship guidelines (ASGs) represent an important tool to help veterinarians optimize their antimicrobial use with the objective of decreasing antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to map and qualitatively assess the ASGs for antimicrobial use in cats and dogs in Europe. Country representatives of the European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment (ENOVAT) were asked to identify ASGs published in their countries. All collated ASGs updated since January 2010 containing recommendations on antimicrobial therapy for at least three conditions affecting different organ systems in cats and dogs underwent detailed review including AGREE II analysis. Out of forty countries investigated, fifteen ASGs from eleven countries met the inclusion criteria. Several critical principles of antimicrobial use were identified, providing a framework that should assist development of stewardship guidance. The AGREE II analysis highlighted several methodological limitations of the currently available ASGs. This study sheds light on the lack of national ASGs for dogs and cats in multiple European countries and should encourage national bodies to prioritize guideline development in small animals. A greater awareness of the need to use a structured approach to guideline development could improve the quality of ASGs in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040409
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 8
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    Physical Examination and ECG Screening in Relation to Echocardiography Findings in Young Healthy Adults
    S. Karger AG ; 2008
    In:  Cardiology Vol. 109, No. 3 ( 2008), p. 202-207
    Details
    In: Cardiology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 109, No. 3 ( 2008), p. 202-207
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background and Aims: 〈 /i 〉 Cardiovascular screening in young adults is an important tool in many occupational settings. Our aim was to test whether screening physical examination and ECG influence the rate of abnormal echocardiogarphic findings in young healthy subjects. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Consecutive echocardiography results of 18- to 20-year-old flight candidates were analyzed retrospectively. Echocardiographies were performed as part of a screening protocol, which includes ECG, physical examination and referral for echocardiography for any positive finding. A second stage includes universal echocardiography for all candidates. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 1,066 subjects were evaluated; 489 subjects underwent echocardiography following referral because of abnormal auscultatory or ECG findings. Findings (mostly mild valvular insufficiencies) were demonstrated in 12.7%, with only 0.6% of subjects disqualified. In subjects who underwent universal echocardiography (n = 577), findings (mostly mild valvular insufficiencies) were detected in 18%, with only 0.5% of subjects disqualified. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 The rate of significant echocardiography findings is extremely low in this young and healthy population. The presence of abnormal findings on either physical examination or ECG screening was not demonstrated to alter the rate of abnormal echocardiographic findings. We suggest that the low yield of screening should be weighed against the cost of an unidentified congenital cardiac lesion in the specific setting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-6312 , 1421-9751
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000106684
    RVK:
    XA 36200
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80092-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482041-9
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