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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Training and validation of a novel non-invasive imaging system for ruling out malignancy in canine subcutaneous and cutaneous masses using machine learning in 664 masses
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Veterinary Science Vol. 10 ( 2023-9-29)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2023-9-29)
    Abstract: To train and validate the use of a novel artificial intelligence-based thermal imaging system as a screening tool to rule out malignancy in cutaneous and subcutaneous masses in dogs. Animals Training study: 147 client-owned dogs with 233 masses. Validation Study: 299 client-owned dogs with 525 masses. Cytology was non-diagnostic in 94 masses, resulting in 431 masses from 248 dogs with diagnostic samples. Procedures The prospective studies were conducted between June 2020 and July 2022. During the scan, each mass and its adjacent healthy tissue was heated by a high-power Light-Emitting Diode. The tissue temperature was recorded by the device and consequently analyzed using a supervised machine learning algorithm to determine whether the mass required further investigation. The first study was performed to collect data to train the algorithm. The second study validated the algorithm, as the real-time device predictions were compared to the cytology and/or biopsy results. Results The results for the validation study were that the device correctly classified 45 out of 53 malignant masses and 253 out of 378 benign masses (sensitivity = 85% and specificity = 67%). The negative predictive value of the system (i.e., percent of benign masses identified as benign) was 97%. Clinical relevance The results demonstrate that this novel system could be used as a decision-support tool at the point of care, enabling clinicians to differentiate between benign lesions and those requiring further diagnostics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-1769
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1164438
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834243-4
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  • 2
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    Extended spectrum β lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae shedding by race horses in Ontario, Canada
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  BMC Veterinary Research Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Veterinary Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Abstract: We aimed to investigate the prevalence, molecular epidemiology and prevalence factors for Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) shedding by race horses. A cross-sectional study was performed involving fecal samples collected from 169 Thoroughbred horses that were housed at a large racing facility in Ontario, Canada. Samples were enriched, plated on selective plates, sub-cultured to obtain pure cultures and ESBL production was confirmed. Bacterial species were identified and antibiotic susceptibility profiles were assessed. E. coli sequence types (ST) and ESBL genes were determined using multilocus sequence type (MLST) and sequencing. Whole genome sequencing was performed to isolates harboring CTX-M-1 gene. Medical records were reviewed and associations were investigated. Results Adult horses ( n  = 169), originating from 16 different barns, were sampled. ESBL-E shedding rate was 12% ( n  = 21/169, 95% CI 8–18%); 22 ESBL-E isolates were molecularly studied (one horse had two isolates). The main species was E. coli (91%) and the major ESBL gene was CTX-M-1 (54.5%). Ten different E. coli STs were identified. Sixty-four percent of total isolates were defined as multi-drug resistant. ESBL-E shedding horses originated from 8/16 different barns; whereas 48% (10/21) of them originated from one specific barn. Overall, antibiotic treatment in the previous month was found as a prevalence factor for ESBL-E shedding ( p  = 0.016, prevalence OR = 27.72, 95% CI 1.845–416.555). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the potential diverse reservoir of ESBL-E in Thoroughbred race horses. Multi-drug resistant bacteria should be further investigated to improve antibiotic treatment regimens and equine welfare.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1746-6148
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02701-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2191675-5
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  • 3
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    Quantitative analysis of magnetic resonance images for characterization of blood‐brain barrier dysfunction in dogs with brain tumors
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2023-03), p. 606-617
    Details
    In: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Wiley, Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2023-03), p. 606-617
    Abstract: Blood‐brain barrier (BBB) permeability can be assessed quantitatively using advanced imaging analysis. Hypothesis/Objectives Quantification and characterization of blood‐brain barrier dysfunction (BBBD) patterns in dogs with brain tumors can provide useful information about tumor biology and assist in distinguishing between gliomas and meningiomas. Animals Seventy‐eight hospitalized dogs with brain tumors and 12 control dogs without brain tumors. Methods In a 2‐arm study, images from a prospective dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE; n = 15) and a retrospective archived magnetic resonance imaging study (n = 63) were analyzed by DCE and subtraction enhancement analysis (SEA) to quantify BBB permeability in affected dogs relative to control dogs (n = 6 in each arm). For the SEA method, 2 ranges of postcontrast intensity differences, that is, high (HR) and low (LR), were evaluated as possible representations of 2 classes of BBB leakage. BBB score was calculated for each dog and was associated with clinical characteristics and tumor location and class. Permeability maps were generated, using the slope values (DCE) or intensity difference (SEA) of each voxel, and analyzed. Results Distinctive patterns and distributions of BBBD were identified for intra‐ and extra‐axial tumors. At a cutoff of 0.1, LR/HR BBB score ratio yielded a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 100% in differentiating gliomas from meningiomas. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Blood‐brain barrier dysfunction quantification using advanced imaging analyses has the potential to be used for assessment of brain tumor characteristics and behavior and, particularly, to help differentiating gliomas from meningiomas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0891-6640 , 1939-1676
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.v37.2
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16654
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2177690-8
    SSG: 22
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  • 4
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    Blood‐brain barrier dysfunction in canine epileptic seizures detected by dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Epilepsia Vol. 60, No. 5 ( 2019-05), p. 1005-1016
    Details
    In: Epilepsia, Wiley, Vol. 60, No. 5 ( 2019-05), p. 1005-1016
    Abstract: Dogs with spontaneous or acquired epilepsy exhibit resemblance in etiology and disease course to humans, potentially offering a translational model of the human disease. Blood‐brain barrier dysfunction ( BBBD ) has been shown to partake in epileptogenesis in experimental models of epilepsy. To test the hypothesis that BBBD can be detected in dogs with naturally occurring seizures, we developed a linear dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging ( DCE ‐ MRI ) analysis algorithm that was validated in clinical cases of seizing dogs and experimental epileptic rats. Methods Forty‐six dogs with naturally occurring seizures of different etiologies and 12 induced epilepsy rats were imaged using DCE ‐ MRI . Six healthy dogs and 12 naive rats served as control. DCE ‐ MRI was analyzed by linear‐dynamic method. BBBD scores were calculated in whole brain and in specific brain regions. Immunofluorescence analysis for transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) pathway proteins was performed on the piriform cortex of epileptic dogs. Results We found BBBD in 37% of dogs with seizures. A significantly higher cerebrospinal fluid to serum albumin ratio was found in dogs with BBBD relative to dogs with intact blood‐brain barrier (BBB) . A significant difference was found between epileptic and control rats when BBBD scores were calculated for the piriform cortex at 48 hours and 1 month after status epilepticus. Mean BBBD score of the piriform lobe in idiopathic epilepsy ( IE ) dogs was significantly higher compared to control. Immunohistochemistry results suggested active TGF ‐β signaling and neuroinflammation in the piriform cortex of dogs with IE , showing increased levels of serum albumin colocalized with glial acidic fibrillary protein and pSMAD2 in an area where BBBD had been detected by linear DCE ‐ MRI . Significance Detection of BBBD in dogs with naturally occurring epilepsy provides the ground for future studies for evaluation of novel treatment targeting the disrupted BBB . The involvement of the piriform lobe seen using our linear DCE ‐ MRI protocol and algorithm emphasizes the possibility of using dogs as a translational model for the human disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0013-9580 , 1528-1167
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/epi.2019.60.issue-5
    DOI: 10.1111/epi.14739
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2002194-X
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  • 5
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    Telmisartan as an add-on treatment for dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy: a nonrandomized, uncontrolled, open-label clinical trial
    American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Vol. 260, No. 7 ( 2022-04-01), p. 735-740
    Details
    In: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), Vol. 260, No. 7 ( 2022-04-01), p. 735-740
    Abstract: To evaluate the effect on seizure frequency of add-on telmisartan treatment in dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy. ANIMALS 11 client-owned dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and ≥ 2 generalized seizures/mon that were currently being treated with ≥ 2 antiepileptic drugs. PROCEDURES Telmisartan was administered at a dosage of 0.25 to 1 mg/kg, PO, every 12 hours for 4 to 16 months. Seizure frequencies before and during telmisartan treatment were recorded. RESULTS 10 dogs completed the 4-month treatment protocol. One dog was excluded owing to a transient increase in serum creatinine concentration; no adverse effects of telmisartan were observed in the remaining 10 dogs. A reduction in seizure frequency greater than an estimated expected placebo effect of 30% was evident in 7 of the 10 dogs. Long-term (12 to 16 months) follow-up information was available for 6 dogs, of which 4 had a further reduction in seizure frequency. Differences in seizure frequency were not statistically significant. No significant difference was found in serum phenobarbital concentration throughout the treatment period in the 7 dogs that were tested. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Telmisartan has the potential to reduce seizure frequency when administered as an add-on antiepileptic drug in dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial is needed to determine the true efficacy of telmisartan. On the basis of our results, a sample size of 54 dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy would be needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-1488
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.12.0683
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2904887-4
    SSG: 22
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  • 6
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    Prickle1 as positive regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation
    Elsevier BV ; 2017
    In:  Neuroscience Vol. 364 ( 2017-11), p. 107-121
    Details
    In: Neuroscience, Elsevier BV, Vol. 364 ( 2017-11), p. 107-121
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-4522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.018
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498423-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Prospective evaluation of 5 urinary biomarkers as predictors of acute kidney injury in nonazotemic, hospitalized dogs
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Vol. 35, No. 6 ( 2021-11), p. 2812-2820
    Details
    In: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Wiley, Vol. 35, No. 6 ( 2021-11), p. 2812-2820
    Abstract: Early recognition of acute kidney injury (AKI) is hindered by current definitions and use of traditional, insensitive markers. Hypothesis/Objectives Urinary (u) activity of γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and concentrations of heat‐shock protein 70 (HSP70) and interleukins (ILs) ‐6 and ‐18, are predictive biomarkers for AKI and survival. Animals Nonazotemic, hospitalized dogs (n = 118) and healthy controls (n = 20). Methods A prospective observational study. Nonazotemic dogs at risk of AKI were recruited and their urinary biomarker concentrations were measured at presentation. Serum creatinine (sCr) and symmetric dimethylarginine (sSDMA) were measured daily until discharge/death. Results The overall case fatality rate was 18.6%. Fifteen dogs (12.7%) developed AKI, which was associated with death (relative risk, 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57‐6.55). All 5 urinary biomarkers were significantly higher in hospitalized dogs compared to controls, with minimal overlap. uHSP70/uCr, uGGT/uCr, and uIL‐6/uCr at presentation were higher in dogs which later developed AKI. Areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) (95% CI) for the 3 biomarkers as predictors of AKI were 0.67 (0.51‐0.83), 0.68 (0.55‐0.81), and 0.78 (0.65‐0.91), respectively. When they were categorically classified as elevated/normal, each additional elevated biomarker increased the odds for AKI (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.23‐6.52, P  = .01). Agreement between sCr and sSDMA was poor (Cohen's kappa = .071). The AUROC of SDMA at presentation for AKI prediction was 0.73 (0.51‐0.95). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Kidney injury was common, irrespective of subsequent worsening of azotemia or death. The predictive value of individual urinary biomarkers was reduced by moderate sensitivities and specificities. SDMA showed moderate discriminatory utility for AKI prediction, and often displayed discordant results with sCr.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0891-6640 , 1939-1676
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.v35.6
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16308
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2177690-8
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  • 8
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    Detection of blood‐brain barrier dysfunction using advanced imaging methods to predict seizures in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Vol. 36, No. 2 ( 2022-03), p. 702-712
    Details
    In: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. 2 ( 2022-03), p. 702-712
    Abstract: The blood‐brain barrier (BBB), which separates the intravascular and neuropil compartments, characterizes the vascular bed of the brain and is essential for its proper function. Recent advances in imaging techniques have driven the development of methods for quantitative assessment of BBB permeability. Hypothesis/Objectives Permeability of the BBB can be assessed quantitatively in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) and its status is associated with the occurrence of seizures. Animals Forty dogs with MUO and 12 dogs without MUO. Methods Retrospective, prospective cohort study. Both dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) and subtraction enhancement analysis (SEA) methods were used to evaluate of BBB permeability in affected (DCE, n = 8; SEA, n = 32) and control dogs (DCE, n = 6; SEA, n = 6). Association between BBB dysfunction (BBBD) score and clinical characteristics was examined. In brain regions where BBBD was identified by DCE or SEA magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis, immunofluorescent staining for albumin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule, and phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 were performed to detect albumin extravasation, reactive astrocytes, activated microglia, and transforming growth factor beta signaling, respectively. Results Dogs with BBBD had significantly higher seizure prevalence (72% vs 19%; P  = .01) when compared to MUO dogs with no BBBD. The addition of SEA to routine MRI evaluation increased the identification rate of brain pathology in dogs with MUO from 50% to 72%. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Imaging‐based assessment of BBB integrity has the potential to predict risk of seizures in dogs with MUO.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0891-6640 , 1939-1676
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.v36.2
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16396
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2177690-8
    SSG: 22
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  • 9
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    Conserved role of matrix metalloproteases 2 and 9 in promoting the migration of neural crest cells in avian and mammalian embryos
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  The FASEB Journal Vol. 34, No. 4 ( 2020-04), p. 5240-5261
    Details
    In: The FASEB Journal, Wiley, Vol. 34, No. 4 ( 2020-04), p. 5240-5261
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0892-6638 , 1530-6860
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1096/fsb2.v34.4
    DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901217RR
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468876-1
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  • 10
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    Paroxysmal slow cortical activity in Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy is associated with blood-brain barrier dysfunction
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2019
    In:  Science Translational Medicine Vol. 11, No. 521 ( 2019-12-04)
    Details
    In: Science Translational Medicine, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 11, No. 521 ( 2019-12-04)
    Abstract: A growing body of evidence shows that epileptic activity is frequent but often undiagnosed in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and has major therapeutic implications. Here, we analyzed electroencephalogram (EEG) data from patients with AD and found an EEG signature of transient slowing of the cortical network that we termed paroxysmal slow wave events (PSWEs). The occurrence per minute of the PSWEs was correlated with level of cognitive impairment. Interictal (between seizures) PSWEs were also found in patients with epilepsy, localized to cortical regions displaying blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and in three rodent models with BBB pathology: aged mice, young 5x familial AD model, and status epilepticus–induced epilepsy in young rats. To investigate the potential causative role of BBB dysfunction in network modifications underlying PSWEs, we infused the serum protein albumin directly into the cerebral ventricles of naïve young rats. Infusion of albumin, but not artificial cerebrospinal fluid control, resulted in high incidence of PSWEs. Our results identify PSWEs as an EEG manifestation of nonconvulsive seizures in patients with AD and suggest BBB pathology as an underlying mechanism and as a promising therapeutic target.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1946-6234 , 1946-6242
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw8954
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2019
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