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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An explanation for the seasonal dependence of midlatitude sporadic E layers : EXPLANATION OF ES SEASONAL DEPENDENCE
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Vol. 112, No. A6 ( 2007-06), p. n/a-n/a
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 112, No. A6 ( 2007-06), p. n/a-n/a
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2007JA012322
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Simultaneous 50‐MHz coherent backscatter and digital ionosonde observations in the midlatitude E region
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1998
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Vol. 103, No. A4 ( 1998-04), p. 6991-7001
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 103, No. A4 ( 1998-04), p. 6991-7001
    Abstract: SESCAT, a coherent backscatter radar system located in Crete, Greece, was operated for one summer together with a (CADI) digital ionosonde observing nearly the same scattering volume. The purpose of the experiment was to further investigate the origin of midlatitude E region VHF echoes which occur almost exclusively during summer nighttime. It was found that 50‐MHz midlatitude backscatter always occurs in association with sporadic E layers. A statistical analysis indicated significant correlations between SESCAT total echo power and E s characteristics such as the layer's top frequency ƒ t E s (a measure of maximum E s electron density) and the apparent E s trace spread which results from range spreading due to oblique reflections from a nonuniform and horizontally inhomogeneous layer. Similar correlations were obtained for SESCAT spectral width and the same sporadic E characteristics. The experiment confirmed that the presence of an E s layer in the scattering volume, which could provide destabilizing electron density gradients perpendicular to the magnetic field, is necessary but not sufficient for the occurrence of 50‐MHz backscatter. We suggest that in addition there is need for an enhanced electric field to be present inside the layer as well, a notion that is in line with the observed correlation of backscatter with a dense but strongly inhomogeneous E s layer and a recently proposed mechanism for strong polarization fields at midlatitudes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/97JA03089
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1998
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Currents and turbulence in and near mid-latitude sporadic
    Copernicus GmbH ; 1997
    In:  Annales Geophysicae Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 1997), p. 767-
    Details
    In: Annales Geophysicae, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 1997), p. 767-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s005850050494
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 1997
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    50 MHz continuous wave interferometer observations of the unstable mid-latitude E-region ionosphere
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2003
    In:  Annales Geophysicae Vol. 21, No. 7 ( 2003-07-31), p. 1589-1600
    Details
    In: Annales Geophysicae, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 21, No. 7 ( 2003-07-31), p. 1589-1600
    Abstract: Abstract. In this paper we describe the conversion of SESCAT (Sporadic-E SCATter experiment), a bistatic 50 MHz continuous wave (CW) Doppler radar located on the island of Crete, Greece, to a single (east-west) baseline interferometer. The first results show that SESCAT, which provides high quality Doppler spectra and excellent temporal resolution, has its measurement capabilities enhanced significantly when operated as an interferometer, as it can also study short-term dynamics of localized scattering regions within mid-latitude sporadic E-layers. The interferometric observations reveal that the aspect sensitive area viewed by the radar often contains a few zonally located backscatter regions, presumably blobs or patches of unstable metallic ion plasma, which drift across the radar field-of-view with the neutral wind. On average, these active regions of backscatter have mean zonal scales ranging from a few kilometers to several tens of kilometers and drift with westward speeds from ~ 20 m/s to 100 m/s, and occasionally up to 150 m/s. The cross-spectral analysis shows that mid-latitude type 1 echoes occur much more frequently than has been previously assumed and they originate in single and rather localized areas of elevated electric fields. On the other hand, typical bursts of type 2 echoes are often found to result from two adjacent regions in azimuth undergoing the same bulk motion westwards but producing scatter of opposite Doppler polarity, a fact that contradicts the notion of isotropic turbulence to which type 2 echoes are attributed. Finally, quasi-periodic (QP) echoes are observed simply to be due to sequential unstable plasma patches or blobs which traverse across the radar field-of-view, sometimes in a wave-like fashion.Key words. Ionosphere (ionospheric irregularities; mid-latitude ionosphere; plasma waves and instabilities)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1432-0576
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/angeo-21-1589-2003
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2003
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evidence of a role for modulated atmospheric tides in the dependence of sporadic E layers on planetary waves : MODULATED TIDES AND SPORADIC E LAYERS
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2003
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Vol. 108, No. A5 ( 2003-05)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 108, No. A5 ( 2003-05)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2002JA009788
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2003
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental evidence on the dependence of 140‐megahertz radar auroral backscatter characteristics on ionospheric conductivity
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1982
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Vol. 87, No. A9 ( 1982-09), p. 7666-7670
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 87, No. A9 ( 1982-09), p. 7666-7670
    Abstract: From combined STARE and magnetometer observations during a moderately disturbed period, it is deduced that the conductivity rather than the electric field is the prime agent responsible for the long‐period variations of both the ground magnetic signatures and the backscatter cross section. At times, there is an almost linear dependence between backscatter amplitude and conductivity suggesting that, within the framework of a nonlinear saturation mechanism, it is the relative amplitude Δ n / n of the plasma wave irregularities rather than the absolute amplitude Δ n that must be limited. In addition to backscatter amplitude modulation, there is also a modulation observed in the E field direction which is interpreted as being due to secondary east‐west polarization electric fields controlled by conductivity modifications in the region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JA087iA09p07666
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1982
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ionogram height–time–intensity observations of descending sporadic E layers at mid-latitude
    Elsevier BV ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics Vol. 68, No. 3-5 ( 2006-2), p. 539-557
    Details
    In: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Elsevier BV, Vol. 68, No. 3-5 ( 2006-2), p. 539-557
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-6826
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2005.03.020
    RVK:
    UA 4547.8
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ELF/VLF signatures of sprite-producing lightning discharges observed during the 2005 EuroSprite campaign
    Elsevier BV ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics Vol. 71, No. 12 ( 2009-8), p. 1254-1266
    Details
    In: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Elsevier BV, Vol. 71, No. 12 ( 2009-8), p. 1254-1266
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-6826
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2009.05.005
    RVK:
    UA 4547.8
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial occurrence of decameter midlatitude E region backscatter
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Vol. 104, No. A5 ( 1999-05-01), p. 10071-10080
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 104, No. A5 ( 1999-05-01), p. 10071-10080
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/1999JA900105
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1999
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Observations of a possible ground signature of flux transfer events
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1985
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Vol. 90, No. A5 ( 1985-05), p. 4069-4078
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 90, No. A5 ( 1985-05), p. 4069-4078
    Abstract: Two periods during which the convection boundary was in the Scandinavian Twin Auroral Radar Experiment field of view a few hours before and after magnetic noon are analyzed. We find that sporadic and spatially isolated flow across the convection boundary occurs on time scales of a few minutes and in regions which in the ionosphere range in size from 50 km to 300 km. We suggest that the antisunward flow immediately north of the convection boundary maps into the low‐latitude boundary layer. Our observations then indicate that the magnetic flux in the boundary layer is transported outward. We estimate a typical flux transfer rate of 2.5×10 4 Wb s −1 for one flux transfer event. On one occasion, GEOS 2 observes a rapid simultaneous dropout of energetic ions and electrons inside the magnetopause. This dropout is associated with a ground E × B signature of strong northwesterly flow. We believe that this constitutes good evidence for the occurrence of flux transfer from closed to open field lines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JA090iA05p04069
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1985
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