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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gourmets or gourmands?—Diet selection by large ungulates in high-alpine plant communities and possible impacts on plant propagation
    Elsevier BV ; 2005
    In:  Basic and Applied Ecology Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2005-1), p. 1-10
    Details
    In: Basic and Applied Ecology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2005-1), p. 1-10
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1439-1791
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2004.09.010
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 2
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    Phenological Responses of Snowbed Species to Snow Removal Dates in the Central Alps: Implications for Climate Warming
    Informa UK Limited ; 2006
    In:  Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research Vol. 38, No. 1 ( 2006-02), p. 99-103
    Details
    In: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 38, No. 1 ( 2006-02), p. 99-103
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1523-0430 , 1938-4246
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1657/1523-0430(2006)038[0099:PROSST]2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2045941-5
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  • 3
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    Europe’s other debt crisis caused by the long legacy of future extinctions
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2013
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 110, No. 18 ( 2013-04-30), p. 7342-7347
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, No. 18 ( 2013-04-30), p. 7342-7347
    Abstract: Rapid economic development in the past century has translated into severe pressures on species survival as a result of increasing land-use change, environmental pollution, and the spread of invasive alien species. However, though the impact of these pressures on biodiversity is substantial, it could be seriously underestimated if population declines of plants and animals lag behind contemporary environmental degradation. Here, we test for such a delay in impact by relating numbers of threatened species appearing on national red lists to historical and contemporary levels of socioeconomic pressures. Across 22 European countries, the proportions of vascular plants, bryophytes, mammals, reptiles, dragonflies, and grasshoppers facing medium-to-high extinction risks are more closely matched to indicators of socioeconomic pressures (i.e., human population density, per capita gross domestic product, and a measure of land use intensity) from the early or mid-, rather than the late, 20th century. We conclude that, irrespective of recent conservation actions, large-scale risks to biodiversity lag considerably behind contemporary levels of socioeconomic pressures. The negative impact of human activities on current biodiversity will not become fully realized until several decades into the future. Mitigating extinction risks might be an even greater challenge if temporal delays mean many threatened species might already be destined toward extinction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1216303110
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
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  • 4
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    Natural selection drives parallel divergence in the mountain plant Heliosperma pusillum s.l
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Oikos Vol. 127, No. 9 ( 2018-09), p. 1355-1367
    Details
    In: Oikos, Wiley, Vol. 127, No. 9 ( 2018-09), p. 1355-1367
    Abstract: The evolution of species or ecotypes can occur gradually through neutral and adaptive genetic changes. To explore the influence of natural selection during early phases of divergence, morphological and ecological discontinuity and its adaptive significance were investigated in six pairs of alpine and independently evolved montane populations of Heliosperma pusillum s.l.; the latter are usually taxonomically recognised at the species rank in spite of their highly debatable taxonomic value. We tested whether environmental conditions – characterised by Landolt indicator values from vegetation surveys and temperature measurements – and morphology of alpine and montane populations differ discretely and in parallel across six population pairs. By reciprocal transplantation experiments in natural environments in two population pairs and in climate chambers for five population pairs we compared fitness of native versus non‐native individuals. Alpine and montane populations differed in environmental conditions and morphology within each pair. Morphological differentiation occurred in parallel and correlated with environmental, but not with genetic distances. In both environments, native individuals had higher establishment success and plant size. Differentiation of the independently evolved montane populations is driven by natural selection and parallel, independent adaptation in response to drought, lower irradiance and higher, less fluctuating temperatures in montane populations. Our study system exemplifies rapid, parallel evolution leading to morphologically and ecologically strongly divergent, though fully interfertile, ecotypes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0030-1299 , 1600-0706
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/oik.2018.v127.i9
    DOI: 10.1111/oik.05364
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025658-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 207359-6
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  • 5
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    No evidence for a role of competitive capabilities of adults in causing habitat segregation of diploid and hexaploid Senecio carniolicus (Asteracaeae)
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2011
    In:  Alpine Botany Vol. 121, No. 2 ( 2011-10)
    Details
    In: Alpine Botany, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 121, No. 2 ( 2011-10)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-2201 , 1664-221X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00035-011-0091-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2600962-6
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  • 6
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    A novel method to infer the origin of polyploids from Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism data reveals that the alpine polyploid complex of Senecio carniolicus (Asteraceae) evolved mainly via autopolyploidy
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Molecular Ecology Resources Vol. 17, No. 5 ( 2017-09), p. 877-892
    Details
    In: Molecular Ecology Resources, Wiley, Vol. 17, No. 5 ( 2017-09), p. 877-892
    Abstract: Despite its evolutionary and ecological relevance, the mode of polyploid origin has been notoriously difficult to be reconstructed from molecular data. Here, we present a method to identify the putative parents of polyploids and thus to infer the mode of their origin (auto‐ vs. allopolyploidy) from Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ( AFLP ) data. To this end, we use Cohen's d of distances between in silico polyploids, generated within a priori defined scenarios of origin from a priori delimited putative parental entities (e.g. taxa, genetic lineages), and natural polyploids. Simulations show that the discriminatory power of the proposed method increases mainly with increasing divergence between the lower‐ploid putative ancestors and less so with increasing delay of polyploidization relative to the time of divergence. We apply the new method to the Senecio carniolicus aggregate, distributed in the European Alps and comprising two diploid, one tetraploid and one hexaploid species. In the eastern part of its distribution, the S. carniolicus aggregate was inferred to comprise an autopolyploid series, whereas for western populations of the tetraploid species, an allopolyploid origin involving the two diploid species was the most likely scenario. Although this suggests that the tetraploid species has two independent origins, other evidence (ribotype distribution, morphology) is consistent with the hypothesis of an autopolyploid origin with subsequent introgression by the second diploid species. Altogether, identifying the best among alternative scenarios using Cohen's d can be straightforward, but particular scenarios, such as allopolyploid origin vs. autopolyploid origin with subsequent introgression, remain difficult to be distinguished.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1755-098X , 1755-0998
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/men.2017.17.issue-5
    DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12641
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2406833-0
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  • 7
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    Seedling establishment of epiphytic orchids in forests and coffee plantations in Central Veracruz, Mexico
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Tropical Ecology Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 93-102
    Details
    In: Journal of Tropical Ecology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 93-102
    Abstract: The distribution of epiphytes differs between branches within tree crowns as well as within habitats. Where the original forests have been lost, shade coffee plantations can be important refuges for epiphytes, but are not suitable for all species. To understand what affects habitat quality, we transplanted 1440 seedlings each of two orchids, one, Lycaste aromatica , restricted to forests, the other, Jacquiniella teretifolia , common on trees in coffee plantations and in forests. Seedling mortality and growth were compared between three forests, three young and three old coffee plantations to test for differences between habitats and to analyse which habitat features affect growth and mortality. In J. teretifolia there was no clear pattern of habitat effect on mortality ( c . 0.08 mo −1 ), but the production of new shoots was higher in coffee plantations than in forests. In L. aromatica , growth rates as well as seedling mortality increased over time. During the last census growth rates in forests (1.8 mm mo −1 ) were significantly higher than in old (0.9 mm mo −1 ) and young (1.2 mm mo −1 ) coffee plantations, and seedling mortality was about four times higher in old (0.10 mo −1 ) and young (0.11 mo −1 ) coffee plantations than in forests (0.025 mo −1 ), which may explain the natural absence of L. aromatica from coffee plantations. Mortality in L. aromatica at individual sites was negatively correlated with bryophyte cover on branches (Pearson r = –0.75) and positively with lichen cover (r = 0.70) and canopy openness (r = 0.75). Branch cover with non-vascular epiphytes, whether directly responsible by improving the water supply to epiphytes or indicative of differences in microclimate, may be a useful indicator of suitable habitats for vascular epiphytes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0266-4674 , 1469-7831
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0266467409990332
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466679-0
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  • 8
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    Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Global Ecology and Biogeography Vol. 27, No. 12 ( 2018-12), p. 1402-1411
    Details
    In: Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 27, No. 12 ( 2018-12), p. 1402-1411
    Abstract: The Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field‐based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade‐offs, trait–environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite data, and to inform Earth system model parameters. Main types of variable contained The database contains 91,970 measurements of 18 plant traits. The most frequently measured traits ( 〉  1,000 observations each) include plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf fresh and dry mass, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus content, leaf C:N and N:P, seed mass, and stem specific density. Spatial location and grain Measurements were collected in tundra habitats in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including Arctic sites in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Fennoscandia and Siberia, alpine sites in the European Alps, Colorado Rockies, Caucasus, Ural Mountains, Pyrenees, Australian Alps, and Central Otago Mountains (New Zealand), and sub‐Antarctic Marion Island. More than 99% of observations are georeferenced. Time period and grain All data were collected between 1964 and 2018. A small number of sites have repeated trait measurements at two or more time periods. Major taxa and level of measurement Trait measurements were made on 978 terrestrial vascular plant species growing in tundra habitats. Most observations are on individuals (86%), while the remainder represent plot or site means or maximums per species. Software format csv file and GitHub repository with data cleaning scripts in R; contribution to TRY plant trait database ( www.try-db.org ) to be included in the next version release.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1466-822X , 1466-8238
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.v27.12
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.12821
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479787-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021283-5
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  • 9
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    Space matters when defining effective management for invasive plants
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Diversity and Distributions Vol. 20, No. 9 ( 2014-09), p. 1029-1043
    Details
    In: Diversity and Distributions, Wiley, Vol. 20, No. 9 ( 2014-09), p. 1029-1043
    Abstract: Invasive alien species are a threat to biodiversity and can harm resident plants, animals, humans and infrastructure. To reduce deleterious effects, effective management planning for invasive plants is required. Currently, the effectiveness of management is primarily optimized locally through eradication of individual populations. By contrast, spatial prioritization of control activities at the landscape level has received less attention, despite its potential to improve management planning in complex landscapes, especially under budget constraints. Location North‐eastern Switzerland, Europe. Methods We used a dynamic simulation model to evaluate the effectiveness of spatially designed management planning for controlling the expansion of three invasive alien plants ( IAP s; Heracleum mantegazzianum, Impatiens glandulifera and Reynoutria japonica ) across a heterogeneous landscape in North‐eastern Switzerland. The model predicted the spread of IAP s from their current distribution under constraints of 361 control options differing in local intensity, frequency, duration, area and spatial prioritization of eradication measures. Results Our results demonstrate that IAP ‐control actions under a restricted budget are more effective if control actions are spatially prioritized. Most effective spatial treatments generally prioritized small populations in the case of the annual species and large populations in the case of the perennial species. Further, applying intensive control at early stages generally increased effectiveness of control. Main conclusions For IAP ‐management planning, our findings suggest that control should be applied early when IAP s start spreading, to maximize success or minimize costs. Further, spatial prioritization schemes are particularly useful under limited financial means for IAP ‐management. Finally, our modelling approach may serve as a proof of concept to evaluate the effectiveness of control actions of various IAP s in complex landscapes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1366-9516 , 1472-4642
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ddi.2014.20.issue-9
    DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12201
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020139-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1443181-6
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  • 10
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    Asymmetric reproductive interference: The consequences of cross‐pollination on reproductive success in sexual–apomictic populations of Potentilla puberula (Rosaceae)
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 365-381
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 365-381
    Abstract: Apomixis evolves from a sexual background and usually is linked to polyploidization. Pseudogamous gametophytic apomicts, which require a fertilization to initiate seed development, of various ploidy levels frequently co‐occur with their lower‐ploid sexual ancestors, but the stability of such mixed populations is affected by reproductive interferences mediated by cross‐pollination. Thereby, reproductive success of crosses depends on the difference in ploidy levels of mating partners, that is, on tolerance of deviation from the balanced ratio of maternal versus paternal genomes. Quality of pollen can further affect reproductive success in intercytotype pollinations. Cross‐fertilization, however, can be avoided by selfing which may be induced upon pollination with mixtures of self‐ and cross‐pollen (i.e., mentor effects). We tested for reproductive compatibility of naturally co‐occurring tetraploid sexuals and penta‐ to octoploid apomicts in the rosaceous species Potentilla puberula by means of controlled crosses. We estimated the role of selfing as a crossing barrier and effects of self‐ and cross‐pollen quality as well as maternal: paternal genomic ratios in the endosperm on reproductive success. Cross‐fertilization of sexuals by apomicts was not blocked by selfing, and seed set was reduced in hetero‐ compared to homoploid crosses. Thereby, seed set was negatively related to deviations from balanced parental genomic ratios in the endosperm. In contrast, seed set in the apomictic cytotypes was not reduced in hetero‐ compared to homoploid crosses. Thus, apomictic cytotypes either avoided intercytotype cross‐fertilization through selfing, tolerated intercytotype cross‐fertilizations without negative effects on reproductive success, or even benefitted from higher pollen quality in intercytotype pollinations. Our experiment provides evidence for asymmetric reproductive interference, in favor of the apomicts, with significantly reduced seed set of sexuals in cytologically mixed populations, whereas seed set in apomicts was not affected. Incompleteness of crossing barriers further indicated at least partial losses of a parental genomic endosperm balance requirement.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2018.8.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3684
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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